The branches of Sophora japonica droop, forming a crown like a crown, which is unique, unique and beautiful. It is a traditional garden tree species in China.
It is often planted symmetrically on both sides of the garden road or at the entrance and exit of the building, or in the corner of the lawn in clusters, or even planted alone beside the ancient buildings, adding ancient meaning to the scenery, or potted for viewing.
Sophora japonica is a deciduous tree.
The bark is grayish black with shallow cracks.
Thick branches are twisted and branchlets are drooping.
Odd pinnate compound leaves, 7 ~ 12 leaflets, oval.
Panicle with yellow and white flowers.
The fruit is beaded, green at first, and gradually yellow-brown when it is old.
The flowering period is from July to August, and the fruiting period is 65438+ 10.
Sophora japonica is a neutral tree, which likes sunshine and is born in moist, fertile and deep soil.
Long life, easy germination and pruning resistance.
Sophora japonica is propagated by grafting Sophora japonica, which is generally cut into umbrellas according to the characteristics of drooping branches.
The height of this suitcase depends on the need. If it is used as a garden tree or planted on both sides of the building gate, the trunk should be kept high, generally more than 2 meters; If planted alone, the trunk may be lower, especially in potted plants. Some trunks are only about 1 meter.
Due to different grafting methods, its plastic methods are also different.
For subcutaneous transplantation, because the height of plastic belt and the distribution of branches have been considered during transplantation, there is no need to set up the process.
Bud grafting needs shaping. The shaping should be carried out in the form of pile view, and 4 ~ 5 main branches with reasonable azimuth angle should be selected above the plastic belt. The distribution of main branches should be natural and the spacing between branches should be large.
Because of the drooping branches and special tree shape, there is no concept of opening angle when selecting skeleton branches, but attention should be paid to the curvature of branches, which should be large and small and scattered to meet the requirements of pile landscape.
Therefore, it is quite difficult to finalize the design of the locust tree propagated by bud grafting, but if it is finalized, it will be more beautiful than the tree grafted under the skin.
The lateral branches on each main branch should be selected at a certain distance.
The number of lateral branches is not limited, and the arrangement should be staggered, so as to fill the gap in the crown as much as possible, or it can be shortened as needed, and its length should not exceed the main branch, but the length should be reasonable and not uniform, otherwise it will appear dull.
No matter what grafting method is adopted, the new buds on the rootstock should be cut off in time to avoid competing with the scion for glory, water and fertilizer, which will affect the growth of the scion.
The shaping, maintenance and pruning of Sophora japonica trees are carried out in winter.
Maintenance and pruning are mainly based on short cutting, combined with thinning appropriately.
It should not be too sparse. Basically, it is to sort out the range of miscellaneous branches and cut off the tiny branches, diseased branches and dead branches in the crown, so that the crown is ventilated and transparent, evenly exposed to light and full of growth.
When there are too few branches, short cutting can be used to promote branching.
The short cut length should be determined according to the strength of branches. If some branches are weak, it is necessary to cut off the longer parts and concentrate nutrition so that the retained buds can draw strong branches in the next year. If the branches grow vigorously, the number of buds can be appropriately increased to disperse nutrients.
Balance the growth potential of each main branch and each side branch by restraining the strong and helping the weak.
At the same time, the length of different grades of branches can be controlled by short cutting. The general principle is that the small side branch does not exceed the side branch, and the side branch does not exceed the main branch, and the affiliation is clear.
Branchlets at all levels should be kept sparse as long as they do not hinder the growth of main branches and side branches, so as to expand the photosynthetic area and promote growth.
In particular, we should pay attention to the application of the principle of "back superiority" to properly select and retain the weak branches and branchlets at the top of the crown to prevent the top from balding.
When pruning, it should be noted that the upward buds should be kept at the cutting mouth, so that the angle of the new branches can be continuously improved, so that the lateral branches can be ensured to be wavy, and the crown can be spread out arch by arch to form an umbrella shape.
Because the branches of Sophora japonica are drooping, the drooping buds are weakly affected by polarity, so this part should be cut off when cutting in winter.