Different names have been kept, such as Arnebia euchroma (Erya), Zidan, Yanzi (Classic), Dixue (Wupu Materia Medica), Dianping (Guangya), Arnebia euchroma (Pediatric Medicine) and Tiaocao (Outline).
Source: Radix Arnebiae from Xinjiang, Radix Arnebiae from China or Radix Arnebiae from Xinjiang.
plant morphology
Nutlets are erect, ovoid and light brown. 4 seeds, ovoid. The flowering period is May-June and the fruiting period is July-August.
Born in grasslands, sunny hillsides and valleys of Shan Ye.
Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangsu and other places. It grows in areas from 50 meters to 2500 meters above sea level, mostly hillside grassland, without artificial introduction and cultivation. It is a Chinese herbal medicine. Dig roots in spring and autumn, remove residual stems and soil (don't wash them with water to avoid fading), dry them in the sun or use them with small fire. The roots and flowers of Arnebia euchroma contain pigments, such as acetyl shikonin, shikonin, isobutyryl shikonin and so on.
② Arnebia euchroma is a new perennial herb with a height of 25 ~ 35 cm and coarse white hair.
The roots are straight and slightly conical, and the branches and roots are intertwined.
Stems erect, simple or dichotomous at base, covered with bristles.
Rhizome leaves are tufted, sessile, linear-lanceolate, about 13 cm long, sharp at the top, tapering at the base, whole, yellow-green and brown; Stem leaves alternate, short and small, sessile.
Scorpion-tailed cymes are dense at the top of the stem, with bisexual flowers; Bracts linear-lanceolate, setose; Calyx short tubular, lobes 5 narrow leaflike, equal to or longer than corolla; Corolla is cylindrical, purple or lavender, 65438 0.5 cm long, with 5 lobes, oval, covered with whitish fur, and smooth throat and base; Stamens 5, filaments short or absent; Ovary superior, style slender, stigma spherical, 2-parted.
Nutlets are broadly ovoid and light brown.
The flowering period is from June to July, and the fruiting period is from August to September.
Growing on high mountains, weeds or sunny slopes.
Distributed in Xinjiang, Tibet, Gansu and other places.
③ Arnebia euchroma is a perennial herb with a height of 60 ~ 80 cm.
The root is erect, cylindrical and hard, and the peel is dark red and purple.
Stem solitary, erect, sessile; Basal leaves are long and narrow, elliptic to lanceolate, about 20 cm long and 2.6 cm wide, with tapering apex, wedge-shaped base, entire, strigose surface and setose midvein on the back of leaves; The upper leaves gradually become smaller and lanceolate.
Scorpion-tailed cymes are conical; Flower bisexual; Calyx tube almost divided, lobes linear to lanceolate; Corolla tubular, red, about 1.4 cm long, 5-lobed at the top, triangular lobes, rolled back; Stamens 5, anthers 5 connected around the style, base cuneate, filaments short, white pilose; Ovary superior, deeply 4-lobed, style exposed outside corolla.
Nutlets are ovoid and light brown.
Bloom in early summer.
Born in the grass on a sunny hillside.
Distributed in Yunnan, Tibet, Sichuan and Guizhou.
During April-May or September-10, dig roots, remove residual stems and soil (do not wash with water to avoid fading), and dry in the sun or with a small fire. ① Arnebia euchroma is the dried root of Arnebia euchroma, twisted cylindrical or slightly spindle-shaped, with a length of about 7 ~ 15 cm and a diameter of about 0.7 ~ 2 cm. The roots have stem residues and often have lateral roots.
The surface is dark purple, rough, with longitudinal grooves, thin skin and slight scales.
Hard, light and brittle, easily broken, with flaky section, deep purple skin, cracks or small round holes between wood and obvious yellow-white wood.
Special smell, slightly sweet and sour taste.
Location: Northeast China, Hubei and Hunan.
② Arnebia euchroma is the root of Arnebia euchroma, which is irregular cylindrical and slightly twisted, with a length of about 7 ~ 20cm and a diameter of about 1 ~ 2.5cm. ..
The surface is dark purple.
There is a stem base at the top.
The epidermis is extremely loose, strip-shaped scales, and there are often dozens of layers overlapping each other, which are easy to peel off into irregular strip-shaped fragments.
Soft and light, easy to break, flaky in section, fuzzy in wood, yellow-white, ring-shaped, with dark purple pith in the center.
Special smell, slightly sour taste.
Location: Xinjiang.
③ Lithospermum yunnanense is the bare woody part of Lithospermum yunnanense, also known as Lithospermum rigidum, which is cylindrical, about 15cm long and 1 ~ 2cm in diameter.
Under the disagreement of the minister.
The surface is purple-brown, covered with deep purple powder, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles.
Hard, not easy to break, the cut surface is granular, the yellow-white wood is slightly purple, and the marrow is purple.
The smell is weak and the taste is slightly sour.
Yunnan purple skin: it is the root skin of Yunnan purple skin, which is in the form of irregular fragments, about 0.5 ~ 5 cm long and 0.5 ~ 2 cm wide, and it is continuously layered.
The surface is purple-brown and the interior is smooth.
Fragile and easily broken.
Light breath, light taste.
Location: Yunnan.
Other categories:
① Lithospermum tianshanense is similar to Lithospermum pseudolithospermum, with short plants and cymes.
Distributed in Xinjiang.
② Pseudo-Lithospermum Pamirs with many thick roots and branches; Leaves linear-lanceolate; Corolla is long and tubular, yellow, with purple spots in throat.
Distributed in Kunlun Mountain, Xinjiang.
③ Pseudo-Lithospermum, also called soft Lithospermum.
9 ~ 22 cm high.
The stem is single or multi-branched.
Leaf blade lanceolate or oblanceolate, length 1 ~ 1.5 cm, width 0.2 ~ 0.6 cm.
Raceme, corolla yellow, lobes with purple spots.
Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Xinjiang.
④ Lithospermum Sinkiangsiensis, similar to Lithospermum Sinkiangsiensis, is short, with a height of 15 ~ 30cm.
Corolla about 3 cm.
Distributed in Tibet.
The roots of the above plants are all used as medicine for Arnebia euchroma.
The chemical constituents of Radix Arnebiae include acetyl shikonin, isobutyryl shikonin, β, β-dimethyl acryloyl shikonin, β-hydroxy isoamyl shikonin and 3,4-dimethyl pentene -3- acyl shikonin.
The root of Echinacea purpurea in New Tibet contains β-hydroxyisoamyl shikonin and 3,4-dimethylpentene -3- acyl shikonin.
Pharmacological Action ① Contraceptive Action: The ethanol extract of Radix Arnebiae (Nissan)100 mg100 g and 30% Radix Arnebiae powder can inhibit estrus in rats, but the pigment extracted from the root is ineffective.
1 month oral administration of 50% Arnebia euchroma syrup produced in Yunnan can obviously inhibit estrus in mice, and it can be recovered after stopping taking medicine for 2 months. And can inhibit the reputation rate of mice.
After two months of oral administration of Lithospermum erythrorhizon in normal mice, the ovaries were significantly reduced, and the uterus and pituitary gland were slightly reduced, but the weight of other endocrine glands such as thyroid gland and adrenal gland had no obvious effect.
In ovariectomized mice, there were no keratinocytes in vaginal smear and the weight of uterus did not increase, which indicated that there was no estrogen-like effect.
The leaf extract of Arnebia euchroma produced in Europe can inhibit the secretion of thyrotropin and gonadotropin in the anterior pituitary, but this effect does not interfere with the synthesis of hormones, but affects their release.
Oral administration of Arnebia euchroma, Arnebia euchroma and Arnebia euchroma (species unknown) decreased the fertility of mice, and had obvious anti-pituitary gonadotropin and anti-chorionic gonadotropin effects, while shikonin was obviously ineffective.
The extraction of Arnebia euchroma produced abroad with 50% ethanol can reduce the fertilization rate of mice and prolong the estrus of normal mice. If estrone or gonadotropin is injected again, it can still cause estrus. For immature male or female mice, it can reduce the weight of sex organs, thymus and pituitary, and delay the growth and development. This active ingredient mostly exists in flowers, seeds, leaves and roots.
Its principle of action is to inhibit the production of pituitary gonadotropins, especially luteinizing hormone, or it may be that it directly inactivates the above hormones, which is called inactivation.
② Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects: Arnebia euchroma has inhibitory effects on Jingke 68- 1 virus in vitro, and also on Staphylococcus aureus and Lingbi.
Lithospermum tincture produced in the former Soviet Union has inhibitory effect on suppurative bacteria and Escherichia coli.
And can accelerate epithelial growth and treat burn.
Oral or local application of ether or water extract of Arnebia euchroma can inhibit capillary permeability (rat intradermal pigment exudation method); 100 ml/kg oral extract has the same inhibitory effect on hind limb edema induced by carrageenan as butanone, and shikonin and acetylshikonin also have the same anti-inflammatory effect.
Local application can promote wound healing.
Ziyun ointment is made of Radix Arnebiae and Radix Angelicae Sinensis, and its effect is better than that of single medicine.
Arnebia euchroma decoction has certain curative effect on tuberculosis in mice. But not for guinea pigs.
Plate test can inhibit a variety of fungi.
Zicao ointment can be used for tinea facialis.
③ Effect on circulatory system Xinjiang Arnebia euchroma decoction (purchased in Taiyuan, with undetermined variety) has obvious exciting effect on isolated or whole hearts of healthy rabbits and toads, and this exciting effect is related to the calcium content in the decoction.
Intravenous or intramuscular injection of this decoction under general anesthesia can cause the blood pressure of nearly half of animals (rabbits, dogs and cats) to drop sharply or even die, while those who are not anesthetized or taken orally have no such serious reaction.
It has no effect on toad visceral vessels, rabbit hind limbs and isolated rabbit ears.
④ Anti-tumor effect It is reported that Arnebia euchroma has a certain effect on choriocarcinoma and malignant hydatidiform mole.
The preliminary screening by methylene blue test tube method showed that Arnebia euchroma had a very slight inhibitory effect on acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Arnebia euchroma can reduce the incidence of spontaneous breast cancer.
⑤ Other effects Xinjiang Arnebia euchroma decoction has mild antipyretic effect on rabbits and unstable excitatory effect on isolated uterus and small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits. Oral decoction can strengthen the tension and contraction of small intestine, but intravenous injection has no such reaction.
Lithospermum leaf extract can reduce blood sugar in rabbits and increase intestinal tension in guinea pigs, but it has no diuretic effect on rats. Toxicity: Yunnan Arnebia euchroma syrup 5 ~ 1.5g/kg was fed to mice for 2 months. Generally, appetite and activity are normal, and weight changes are not obvious. Pathological anatomy showed that the weight of thyroid and adrenal gland remained unchanged except the weight of pituitary, ovary and uterus. All tissues were examined under the microscope, and no pathological changes were observed.
When mice were fed 30% Lithospermum Sinkiangsiensis, they lost about 30% weight in 1 week, and 40% died in 15 days. Rabbits were given root powder 5g/kg by gavage. After 3 days, the urine was dark purple, and there were protein and red blood cells in the urine, with loose bowels. The symptoms disappeared after two days of drug withdrawal.
Processing of Arnebia euchroma: washing, fully wetting, slicing and drying.
Xinjiang Arnebia euchroma: removing impurities, removing seedlings and cutting into pieces.
"Lei Gong Kao Lun": Every kilogram of Lithospermum should use two ounces of wax, dissolve it in water and steam it. When the water is dry, take off his head and two beards for filing.
Bitter nature and cold nature.
1 classic: bitter and cold.
2 "No recording": non-toxic.
③ Theory of medicinal properties: sweet and flat.
4 "Outline": sweet and salty, cold in nature.
Heart meridian and liver meridian.
① "Outline": the envelope of entering the heart, and the blood division of liver meridian.
(2) Lei Gong's theory of baking: entering the heart and the small intestine.
3 "Materia Medica": Shaoyin Jueyin enters the foot.
Indications-The effect of Arnebia euchroma is to cool blood, promote blood circulation, and clear away heat and toxic materials.
Treat warm spot, damp-heat jaundice, purpura, vomiting, nosebleed, hematuria, stranguria, heat constipation, burn, eczema, erysipelas and carbuncle.
(1) Classic: Treating the evil in the heart, wuhuang, reinforcing the middle, benefiting qi, benefiting nine orifices, and boiling water.
(2) Carapax Trionycis: Treating abdominal distension and pain.
Treating children's sores and facial paralysis with ointment.
③ Theory of medicinal properties: treating malignant sores and ringworm.
(4) The Classic of Materia Medica: When treating typhoid fever, those who can't get out of the rash must use it as medicine to make it disperse.
⑤ Outline: Treat macula, promote blood circulation and cool blood, and benefit the large intestine.
⑥ Medical forest compilation: nourishing the heart and soothing the liver, removing blood stasis and promoting blood circulation.
⑦ Jilin Chinese herbal medicine: for constipation and hematuria.
⑧ Shaanxi Chinese herbal medicine: it can treat fire injury, dermatitis, eczema and urinary tract infection.
Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 3 yuan; Or turned into powder.
External use: apply ointment.
Use with caution for patients with gastrointestinal weakness and loose stool.
Classic of Materia Medica: Anyone suffering from acne, qi deficiency, spleen and stomach weakness, diarrhea, and dysuria should be fasted.
Scheme ① Rash: Uncaria rhynchophylla and purple mushroom are equally divided.
Best, take a word or five cents at a time, a dollar and warm wine, all the time.
("Children's Medicine Syndrome" Yanzi Powder) 2 At the beginning of the treatment of sores and rashes, it is necessary to take it urgently to reduce the toxicity: two or two pieces of Arnebia euchroma (removing thick stems) and one or two pieces of aged orange peel (removing white and baking).
Top to end, take a large sum of money at a time, add Yi Deng water, add two inches of onion, fry until six minutes, remove the residue, and keep warm.
Breast-feeding children and breast-feeding mothers take it at the same time, and the weaning order is self-help.
("Introduction to Children's Hygiene" Lithospermum is like a holy soup) ③ Prevention of measles: Lithospermum San Qian and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.
Decoct with water twice a day.
(Jilin Chinese Herbal Medicine) ④ Treatment of allergic purpura: Arnebia euchroma, Periostracum Cicadae, Angelica sinensis, Bamboo Leaves, San Qian, Salix Xihe, San Qian, Burdock San Qian, Cortex Phellodendri, San Qian, Anemarrhena San Qian, Sophora flavescens San Qian.
Decoct with water.
(Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Xinjiang) ⑤ Treatment of thrombocytopenic purpura: two yuan for Arnebia euchroma, five yuan for cuttlebone and two yuan for madder.
Decoct with water.
(Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Xinjiang) ⑥ Treatment of heat sore: Radix Arnebiae, Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellodendri, Radix Rhapontici, Semen Phaseoli and Semen Phaseoli powder.
Mash the medicine, add sesame oil as ointment, and take Huanglian Ejiao pills three times a day to clear the heart.
("Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang" Zicao Ointment) ⑦ Treat children's fetal toxicity, scabies, brow sores, or itching all over the body, or pus dripping wet, which will not heal after years: two yuan for Arnebia euchroma, two yuan for Angelica dahurica, five yuan for the body, one yuan for Glycyrrhiza uralensis and two or two for sesame oil.
Boil together, the color of Angelica dahurica turns yellow, filter, add two yuan of ash and Calomelas, and apply the cream.
("The Complete Book of Choosing Doctors" Zicao Ointment) 8 Treatment of scald, blistering and decay: one yuan for Arnebia euchroma, five yuan for Angelica sinensis and four liang for sesame oil.
Boil the three herbs together, filter to remove residues, then boil the oil, add five yuan of yellow wax, melt it, pour it into a bowl, cool it and apply it.
("Children's Golden Needle" Lithospermum Runji Ointment) 9 Treatment of carbuncle constipation: Lithospermum and Trichosanthes kirilowii are equally divided.
Fresh water decoction.
("Ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang") Attending to treat urinary stranguria: one or two Lithospermum.
In order to disperse, take two yuan with Jinghua water before each meal.
(Thousand Daughters of Fang Yi) ⑾ Treatment of blood stranguria: Radix Arnebiae, Fructus Forsythiae and Semen Plantaginis are divided into equal parts and decocted in water.
(standard of diagnosis and treatment) ⑿ The treatment of hematemesis and epistaxis is not fierce and endless. Daily life remains the same, and soft food remains the same. Between one year old, it is two or three times, or five or six times. After a long time, it will become tuberculosis: Arnebia euchroma, Huaidi, white pulp, Poria, Ophiopogon japonicus.
Boil the cream and refine the honey. Take more than ten spoonfuls each morning and evening and put them into the white soup.
(Authentic pulse prevention) [13] Treatment of wuhuang's hot yellow: Lithospermum San Qian, Artemisia capillaris one or two.
Decoct with water.
(Compendium of Materia Medica) 14. Cure erysipelas in red and flush like a cloud: use a knife or a magnetic bowl to suck out poisonous blood, five yuan for Arnebia euchroma and one or two for sticking mice.
Grinding and decocting in water.
(Materia Medica Yan Hui) ⒂ Treatment of baldness in children: Apply Lithospermum Decoction.
("Sheng Huifang") ⒃ Treatment of pea sores, facial sores, malignant sores and tinea: apply oil to Arnebia euchroma.
("Introduction to Medicine") ⒄ Treatment of evil insect bites: oil-soaked Arnebia euchroma.
(Sheng Huifang)