Spring:
Spring Dawn
Spring Dawn [Tang. Meng Haoran]
Spring sleeps without realizing the dawn,
Everywhere Smell the singing birds.
At night, there is the sound of wind and rain, and
I don’t know how many flowers are falling.
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[Note]
1. Chunxiao: spring morning.
2. Dawn: Dawn.
3. Unconsciously dawn: Unknowingly it was dawn.
4. Smell: listen.
5． Hear the singing of birds: Hear the singing of birds.
[Brief Analysis]
This poem is about the scenery of a spring morning. "Spring sleeps before dawn, and you can hear birdsong everywhere." The two sentences are: The nights are short in spring, and it is already dawn before you know it after falling asleep, and the cries of birds are everywhere. These two poems capture the acoustic characteristics of the chirping of birds and sparrows everywhere in the spring morning, rendering an intoxicating artistic conception of spring and highlighting the exuberant vitality of the spring morning. In the two sentences "The sound of wind and rain at night, you know how many flowers have fallen", when the poet woke up from a sweet dream and was about to get up, he recalled the sound of wind and rain last night, so he imagined that after the wind and rain, there must be many falling flowers. The auditory image here is "the sound of wind and rain" "It is by no means a sentimental "heartbreaking sound", but a rich "update song". For thousands of years, people have recited and discussed it, as if this short four-line poem contains endless artistic treasures.
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Liangzhou Ci
Tang Dynasty - Wang Zhihuan
Far above the Yellow River among the white clouds,
is an isolated city in Wanren Mountain.
Why should the Qiang flute blame the willows?
The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.
Note: This poem describes the majestic, desolate and lonely scene of Liangzhou, a frontier fortress. The Yellow River rushing from afar seems to be connected with the white clouds. Yumen Pass stands alone in the mountains, looking lonely and lonely. Why use the Qiang flute to play the sad willow song to complain about the delay in spring? It turns out that the spring breeze cannot blow in the Yumenguan area!
Gucheng: refers to Yumen Pass.
Ren: In ancient times, seven or eight feet was one ren.
Qiang: a nation in ancient times.
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Yong Liu
He Zhizhang
Jasper The makeup is as high as a tree,
Ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down,
I don’t know who cuts out the thin leaves,
The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
[Note]
1. Jasper: jade green. This is used as a metaphor for the tender green willow leaves in spring.
2. Makeup: Decoration, dressing up.
3. Silk ribbon: a ribbon made of silk thread. This describes the willow branches blowing in the wind.
[Brief Analysis]
This is a poem about things. By praising the willow tree, it expresses the poet's infinite love for spring.
The first three sentences of the poem all describe willow trees. The first sentence "Jasper makes up a tree as high as a tree" is written as a whole, saying that the tall willow tree looks like it is made up of jasper. "Jasper" is used to describe the emerald green of the willow tree, highlighting the beauty of its color. The second sentence "ten thousand green silk ribbons hanging down" refers to willow branches, saying that the drooping willow branches are like thousands of ribbons, highlighting its softness and beauty. The third sentence "I wonder who cuts the thin leaves" refers to willow leaves, highlighting the delicate and delicate shape of the willow leaves. The three lines of the poem describe each part of the willow tree, and each line has its own characteristics.
The third sentence and the fourth sentence form a hypothetical question. "I wonder who cuts out the thin leaves?" - Ask yourself; "The spring breeze in February is like scissors." - Answer to yourself. With this question and answer, the willow tree subtly transitions to the spring breeze. Speaking of cutting these delicate willow leaves, of course you can also cut green and bright red flowers and plants. It is a symbol of natural vitality and the creativity of spring. This poem praises the willow tree and then praises spring, eulogizing the infinite creativity of spring.
About the author: He Zhizhang (659-744), also known as Jizhen, nicknamed himself "Siming Kuangke", was a native of Yongxing, Yuezhou (now Xiaoshan County, Zhejiang). Poet of Tang Dynasty.
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Xia:
Chile Song
Northern Dynasty Yuefu
Chile River, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain,
The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields.
The sky is clear and the fields are vast.
The wind blows the grass and you can see cattle and sheep.
[Note]
1. Chile: ethnic name, lived in Shuozhou (now northern Shanxi Province) during the Northern Qi Dynasty.
2. Yinshan: In the northern part of today's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
3. Qionglu: A tent made of felt cloth, that is, a yurt.
4. Cang Cang: cyan.
[Brief Analysis]
This is a folk song sung by the Chile people, which was translated from Xianbei into Chinese. It sings of the savanna scenery and the life of nomads.
The first two sentences, "Chilechuan, at the foot of Yinshan Mountain" explain that Chilechuan is located at the foot of the towering Yinshan Mountain, which makes the background of the grassland very majestic. In the following two sentences, "The sky is like a dome, covering the four fields." The Chile people use the "domeum" in their lives as a metaphor, saying that the sky is like a large felt dome tent, covering all sides of the grassland, to describe the extreme view. Looking from afar, the sky and wild fields meet, an extremely magnificent scene. This kind of scene can only be seen on the prairie or the sea. The last three sentences, "The sky is blue, the fields are vast, the wind blows the grass and you can see the cattle and sheep" is a magnificent and vibrant panoramic view of the grassland. "The wind blows the grass, and the cattle and sheep are visible." A gust of wind bends the grass, revealing groups of cattle and sheep. It vividly describes the scene of abundant water and grass and fat cattle and sheep here. The whole poem contains just over twenty words, showing a magnificent picture of the life of herders in ancient my country.
This poem has the bright and bold style unique to Northern Dynasty folk songs, with broad realm, majestic tone, clear language and strong artistic summary. Huang Tingjian, a poet of the Song Dynasty, said that the author of this folk song "spoke in a hurry, and his words are so strange that he can tell the truth" (Volume 7 of "Valley Inscriptions and Postscripts"). Because the author is very familiar with the life of grassland herdsmen, he can grasp the characteristics at once without having to use any force to sculpt, and the artistic effect is very good.
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Wanglushan Waterfall
Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke
Looking at the waterfall from a distance Kakeqian River
Floating down three thousand feet
It is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen from the sky
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Yu Gezi
Zhang Zhihe
Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain,
Mandarin fish are fat in peach blossoms and flowing water.
Green bamboo hats, green coir raincoats,
The slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return.
[Note]
1. Xisai Mountain: west of Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province.
2. Egret: a water bird.
3. Peach Blossom Flowing Water: The season when peach blossoms bloom is when the spring water rises, commonly known as peach blossom flood or peach blossom water.
4. Ruo Li: A hat made of bamboo leaves.
5. Raincoat: a raincoat made of grass or brown braid.
[Brief Analysis]
This poem describes the fishing scene during the spring flood period in the Jiangnan water town. There are distinct colors of mountains and waters, and the image of a fisherman. It is a landscape painting written in poetry.
The first sentence is "The egret flies in front of Xisai Mountain". "In front of Xisai Mountain" points out the location. "Egret" is a symbol of leisure. It writes about the egret flying freely, setting off the leisurely contentment of the fisherman. The second sentence "peach blossoms and flowing water, mandarin fish are fat" means: the peach blossoms are in full bloom, the river water is rising sharply, and the mandarin fish are growing fat at this time. The contrast between peach red and water green here represents the scenery of lakes and mountains in front of Xisai Mountain in late spring, and exaggerates the living environment of the fisherman. Three or four sentences, "Green bamboo hats, green coir raincoats, no need to return in the slanting wind and drizzle" describe the fisherman's mood when fishing. The fisherman, wearing a green bamboo hat and green coir raincoat, was so happy in the slanting wind and drizzle that he forgot to return home. "Slanting wind" refers to a gentle breeze. The whole poem has bright colors and lively language, which vividly expresses the fisherman's leisurely life.
The poet Zhang Zhihe was a native of Jinhua in the Tang Dynasty. He worked as a minor official in the imperial court, and later lived in seclusion in the rivers and lakes, calling himself a Yanbo fisherman. This poem expresses the joy of living in seclusion by expressing the life of a fisherman.
"Fishermen's Song" is also known as "Fisherman" or "Fisherman's Music", which is probably a folk fishing song. The author wrote five "Fishermen's Songs", this is the first one. According to the records cited in "Ci Lin Chronicles", Zhang Zhihe once visited Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Huzhou. Because the boat was worn out, he asked Yan to help replace it and wrote "Yu Gezi".
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Autumn:
Remembering Shandong Brothers on September 9th
Wang Wei
A stranger in a foreign land,
I miss my family even more during the festive season.
I know from afar that my brothers have climbed to a high place.
There is one less person planting dogwood trees everywhere.
[Note]
1. September 9th: refers to the Double Ninth Festival on September 9th of the lunar calendar.
2． Memories: miss.
3． Shandong: refers to the author’s hometown of Puzhou east of Huashan.
4． Foreign land: foreign land, foreign land.
5. To be a stranger: to be a guest in a foreign land.
6. Meet: encounter.
7． Times: Extraordinarily.
8. Climbing: There is an ancient custom of climbing during the Double Ninth Festival.
9． Cornus officinalis (zhū yú): a kind of herb. In ancient times, people wore dogwood on the Double Ninth Festival, which was said to ward off evil spirits.
About the author: Wang Wei (701-761), courtesy name Mojie, was born in Puzhou (now Yongji County, Shanxi). Proficient in music, skilled in calligraphy and painting. A famous poet in the Tang Dynasty.
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Compassion for the Farmers 1
Li Shen
Spring Plant one grain of millet,
You will harvest ten thousand grains in autumn.
There is no idle land all over the world,
Farmers are still starving to death.
[Note]
1. Mercy: mercy.
2． Su: (sù)
[Brief Analysis]
This is a poem that exposes social injustice and sympathizes with the suffering of farmers. It focuses on the cruel exploitation of farmers in the old society.
The first and second sentences "Plant one grain of millet in spring and harvest ten thousand grains in autumn" summarize the labor of farmers with "spring planting" and "autumn harvest". From "a grain of millet" to "ten thousand seeds", the scene of a good harvest is vividly written. The third sentence, "There is no idle field in the world," further states that all the land in the country has been cultivated, and no field is idle. The semantics of this sentence and the previous two sentences complement each other, and then show the scene of a fruitful and golden harvest. The hard work of the working people has created such huge wealth. In the year of good harvest, they should have enough food and clothing, right? Unexpectedly, the ending sentence is "The farmer is still starving to death."
This is really shocking! The word "Jew" is thought-provoking: Who deprived the farmers of the fruits of their labor and put them to death? The three words "still starving to death" extremely profoundly expose social injustice and embody the poet's strong indignation and sincere sympathy.
About the author: Li Shen (772-846), courtesy name Gongchui, was born in Wuxi, Qizhou (now Wuxi, Jiangsu). Tang Dynasty
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Compassion for the Farmers
Li Shen of the Tang Dynasty
It is noon on the day of hoeing,
Sweat drips from the soil.
Who knew that putting a plate of Chinese food on the plate was hard work?
[Note]
1. Mercy: mercy.
2. Hoe: Use a hoe to loosen the soil around the seedlings.
[Brief Analysis]
This poem is about the hardship of labor and the hard-won fruits of labor. The first and second lines of the poem "It's noon on the day of hoeing, and the sweat drips from the soil" depict that farmers are still working in the fields at noon under the scorching sun. These two lines of poems choose specific scenes to vividly describe the hardships of labor. . With these two specific descriptions, the exclamation and warning of the third and fourth sentences, "Who knows how hard it is to eat every particle on the plate" are saved from empty and abstract preaching, and become flesh-and-blood mottos with far-reaching implications.
This poem does not focus on specific people or events. It reflects not the experiences of individual people, but the life and destiny of the entire peasantry. The poet chose relatively typical life details and well-known facts to profoundly expose the unreasonable social system.
In terms of expression techniques, the author uses mutual comparison and contrasting methods, which not only gives people a clear and strong impression, but also is thought-provoking, leaving the readers to think about the issues themselves, thereby achieving better results.
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Winter:
Farewell to Dongda
Gao Shi
Thousands of miles of yellow and white clouds At sunset,
the north wind blows the geese and snow.
Don’t worry, you will have no friends in the future.
No one in the world will know you.
[Note]
1. Dong Da: Dong Tinglan, a famous piano player during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. He ranked first among the brothers, so he was called "Dong Da".
2.曛: dim.
3. Jun: It refers to Dong Da.
[Brief Analysis]
This is a farewell poem to the famous luther player Dong Tinglan. Hu music was popular during the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and not many people could appreciate ancient music such as the lyre. Cui Jue wrote in a poem: "The five notes on the seven strings are cold. It has been difficult to know the music since ancient times. Only Henan Fangcilu (the prime minister's room official in the prosperous Tang Dynasty) always took pity on Dong Tinglan." At this time, Gao Shi was also very frustrated and wandered around. He is often in a poor and lowly situation (he wrote in "Farewell to Dong Da" Part 2: "My husband is poor and lowly, so I don't have money to drink when we meet today."). But in this farewell poem, Gao Shi used a cheerful mind and a heroic tone to make his farewell words passionate and inspiring.
The first two sentences are "Thousands of miles of yellow clouds and white sun, and the north wind blows wild geese and snow." Use line drawing to describe the scene in front of you: the north wind is howling, the yellow sand is thousands of miles away, covering the sky and the sun, and everything is gray The clouds seemed to have turned yellow, and the originally bright and dazzling sunlight now faded, like the afterglow of the setting sun. Heavy snow fell, and the geese flew south in neat formation. In this desolate and magnificent environment, the poet bid farewell to this musician who had great skills but was not appreciated by anyone.
The last two sentences, "Don't worry about the road ahead. No one in the world will know you." They are a consolation to friends: Don't worry about not meeting your confidant when you go away. No one in the world will know you, Dong Tinglan! The words are so loud and powerful, full of confidence and strength in comfort, inspiring friends to work hard and fight hard.
[About the author]
Gao Shi (700?-765), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Dafu and the other is Zhongwu. A native of Bohai Quan (xiu) (now Cangxian County, Hebei Province), he once served as a regular attendant on the cavalry. There is "Gao Changshi Ji".
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The master of Furong Mountain who stays at Furong Mountain during the snow
Liu Changqing
At dusk, the Cangshan Mountain is far away,
The weather is cold and the house is poor.
I heard dogs barking at Chaimen, and people came home on a windy and snowy night.
[Note]
1. Furong Mountain: place name.
2. Cangshan: green mountain.
3. White House: The residence of a poor family. The roof is covered with white thatch, or the wood is not painted, which is called a white house.
4. Bark: a dog barks.
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Jiang Xue
Liu Zongyuan
Thousands of birds fly across thousands of mountains, and there are no traces of people across thousands of paths. destroy.
A lone man with a coir raincoat fishing in a boat, fishing alone in the snow in the cold river.
A brief analysis of the beauty of this poem lies in nature, creating an unusual artistic realm and highlighting the poet's depressed mood and arrogant character.