Mulao people used to believe in many gods, so there were many festivals almost every month of the year. Mulao people attach great importance to traditional festivals, and every festival will have some activities, from which we can see the diversity of Mulao culture. I want to know more about the traditional festivals of the Mulao people. How do they celebrate the holidays? Then continue to look down. School Easy Search carefully selected the most complete Mulao festival for everyone.
Mid-Autumn Festival [the 15th day of the eighth lunar month]
August Festival is also called Welcome Valley Festival. Gelao folk festivals are held every year on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month, lasting for two days. Gelao people attach great importance to this festival. At that time, men, women and children dressed in festive costumes will go to the open space in the village. The old tribe assigned several strong men to lead the big cow with red flowers into the field, and then recited a speech praying for a bumper harvest. After the recitation, the musician played the Eight Immortals. People light muskets or firecrackers, and then slaughter livestock. Cattle hearts are evenly distributed in each family, and parents of each family dedicate them to their ancestors to show the unity of the whole family. Then, they killed chickens and ducks and cooked beef.
The old patriarch will also lead all the people to hold a pig, a rooster and a big duck as three sacrifices and hold a sacrificial ceremony in front of the Bodhisattva tree. After the sacrifice, people will have dinner, and young men and women will sing and dance in the moonlight and have fun. The next day, the family went to the field to collect some fresh grains, melons and fruits and prepare a family dinner. After the family dinner, the women took their children and sent some new gifts to their relatives to congratulate them. Men visit each other, drink and chat. Young men and women still dance and have fun. After the festival, the autumn harvest began.
Tree worship festival
Tree Worship Festival is a Gelao festival in Longlin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It's on the fourteenth day of the first month and the fifteenth day of August in the lunar calendar. The Gelao people here regard the green bar tree as their ancestral tree. It is said that when they first moved from Anshun, Guizhou, they were warmly welcomed by the local people and often supported. Because we can't put the souls of our ancestors together, we must dig a hole in the green bar tree and put the souls of grandparents in the hole. Since then, the Gelao people in Longlin area have worshipped Qinggang Tree as a stubborn tree.
Another legend is that when the Gelao people first went to Longlin for land reclamation, they spent the night on a green bar tree for fear of poisonous insects and wild animals, and later worshipped it as a tree of their ancestors. Every year, three families donate or partner to raise a tree-worshipping ox. Because the local Gelao people live in scattered places, a few days before the festival, people are ready to exchange information, and then they will gather in Moji village where the tree is located. Kill cows when worshipping trees, and invite people of all ethnic groups in the nearby stockade to eat. Only eat milk and other tables, not meat from other places. The tree worship ceremony was presided over by the extended family. During the ceremony, the cock's neck was broken, its wings were torn off, and its chicken feet and cow's heart were sacrificed together. Family tree should have chicken head, chicken wings and chicken legs, and grandma's tree should have chicken head, chicken wings and chicken legs. All the sacrifices were wrapped in red paper, sent to the tree hole and sealed with paper money. The priest prayed to the tree, baked and fired cannons, and then distributed the hearts of cattle equally in his family to show his concerted efforts to share joys and sorrows.
Insect eating festival
Insect-eating Festival is a traditional folk festival of Gelao nationality, which is held every year on the second day of the sixth lunar month. According to local folklore, the Gelao people suffered from serious insect pests and poor harvest, so three fat pigs were rewarded with pest control. Roosters, ducks and Taoist priests failed to get rid of insects. On the second day of June, a woman named Jia returned to her family with her children. Because she was poor and had no money to buy gifts, she caught some bugs in the field as gifts. When she got to her parents' house, she made it and invited everyone to eat. Everyone thought it was delicious, so she competed to catch insects and cook. At that time, pests were greatly reduced and food was unexpectedly harvested. People rewarded Jia Niang with three fat pigs, and Jia Niang killed the pigs to repay the villagers. After Jia Niang died, people built a temple in the field called "Insect-eating Temple", which formed the Insect-eating Festival.
At that time, all the married girls in the village had to rush back to their parents' homes on time to attend the Insect Eating Festival, catch all kinds of pests on the road and take them back to their parents' homes as raw materials for cooking. Every household uses the caught pests to make fried locusts, pickled grasshoppers, fried butterflies and pupae, aphids and loaches. The family sat together, and their parents said, "Eat! Chew it up and eat it like there are no children! " Then the family eats with chopsticks. After eating, men, women and children gathered in front of the insect-eating temple in the village, singing and dancing. Then people lined up, beat gongs and drums, crossed the fields, caught pests while walking, and planted small white flags stained with chicken blood to demonstrate to pests.
Chunshe
Spring Festival is a traditional folk festival of Mulao people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is held in February every year. By then, every family will make zongzi. There are many kinds of zongzi, with different sizes. There are even five or six pounds of zongzi. This year, the newlyweds in the man's family will make one or two big zongzi for the woman's family, and the woman's family will also give the same brown rice zongzi to the man's family, so that they can live in harmony.
The Spring Festival is also a traditional folk festival for Yao people in Rongshui Miao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Held on February 28th and 29th every year. During the festival, Yao wants to find a flat and open place to cook porridge on the mountain next to the village. They are divided into several groups according to gender and age. Older women and married women can stay at home. Some young men and women in the stockade have the custom of visiting each other. Fierce Festival is also the day when Lusheng closes the kiln. From now on, it is forbidden to play lusheng in autumn harvest.
Eat a new festival
Different branches of the Gelao nationality eat Chinese New Year in different ways. Gelao people eat new festivals on the first Longchang Day in July of the lunar calendar and the first Snake Day in August of leap year. This festival lasts for three days, and the main activity is to worship ancestors. Legend has it that the Gelao people cut land, mow grass, dig valleys and plow fields first. This was taught by King Pangu, who advocated eating new things.
Therefore, future generations celebrate the Spring Festival, miss the kindness of King Pangu, and at the same time commemorate the water supply of Jinjiao Dragon King and the rat catching in Shada. The first day of this festival is called picking grain. From the "Tian Niang", men and women touch the grain behind each field. People can also go to the fields of other ethnic groups around them, and other ethnic groups will not blame them. In addition, we should collect some millet, hairy barnyard grass and grass seeds that are said to have been eaten by rats. The broken rice and chaff produced when preparing sacrifices cannot be fed to chickens and pigs, and even the rice washing water after festivals can be fed to animals. You can't taste sacrifices before you worship your ancestors. It is impolite to smell them. Kill the chicken first, invite heaven, earth, ancestors and four mountains, and then kill the cow. Every family should get a piece of meat from every part of the cow. On the last day, the ancestor worship ceremony was different from usual: instead of tables, stools, chopsticks and spoons, cups and bowls, there was a big dustpan with food on the pot and dishes scooped up with a horse spoon. It is said that you have no chopsticks, so you have not forgotten your ancestors.
Gelao (GL)
The years of Gelao people can be divided into big years and small years. New Year's Day is the same as the Spring Festival of the Han nationality, but the time of the festival varies from place to place. Some are on the 7th day of1in winter or in the year of the tiger, and some are on the 27th day of 12 month. Those who have had a holiday in winter think that the 17th is the day when their ancestors began to reclaim wasteland and grassland, and the Year of the Tiger is the day when King Pangu successfully reclaimed land. It's been 12 months. I thought there was only New Year's Day, but because Lao Wang sent troops to fight, there were only three days before New Year's Day. In order to let people have a reunion year, they advance their holidays by three days, which conforms to the custom and is called holidays. As far as the Gelao people pay attention to age, the small year is far better than the big year.
The things that the Gelao people worshipped as children are said to have been eaten when they just fell from the sky, such as green bar, golden thatch, yam, dragon tooth meat, glutinous rice and glutinous rice flour. Pork tooth meat should be cut into four pieces from beginning to end. Back cutting or crosscutting is not allowed. It should have four green stripes. Yam should also be cut into four pieces and put on with four straw kernels or cauliflower. People also want to knead an ancestor statue and eight pairs of round loquats with Baba, representing various branches of the legendary Gelao nationality. These cakes are not allowed to be eaten, and other cakes are "allowed to be eaten, not allowed to be brought" to guests.
In the evening, people hold ceremonies to offer rice to their ancestors. Tributes include yam, fried pig teeth and nine cubes of pork. I also pinched nine sets of rice and planted three-leaf golden thatch to judge whether the harvest next year is good or bad. It is a good thing that the grass will wither, otherwise it is a bad thing. After offering a tribute, close the door and blow the lights, wrap yam and fried pork with a horse spoon, and then name your great-grandfather to enjoy. Every time you shout, scatter the food in the horse spoon on the ground. Legend has it that the ancients didn't wear pants and were embarrassed to bring lights when eating. During the festival, children must play all kinds of games, such as polishing the autumn, rolling the dragon for autumn, cockfighting and so on. Young men and women must go up the mountain to sing and find lovers.
the Lantern Festival
In Wuchuan City, Guizhou Province, the Gelao people not only danced dragon lanterns, jumped lanterns and beat lions, but also took five photos, chasing mice, burning locusts, flying fleas and making cash cows. "Five customs" is to dry the bamboo shreds piled up at ordinary times and put them outside the house. A man came out of the room and shouted over and over again, "Go through five customs, go through five customs, go through five customs in front, and go through five customs behind!" A few years ago, there were some rice bumps. This year, Rice began to telegraph; Wheat was good in previous years, but it is big this year. A few years ago, baogu was like an eggshell. This year, the corn was like a buffalo horn; A few years ago, beans were peeled by hand. This year, beans are transported by machine. "Chasing the mouse" is a children's game: tie a broken straw sandals with a rope and run alone. The pursuer behind shouted, "Kill the mouse!" Every time I go to a house, I hit a pillar with a hammer and ask, "Brother Zhu!" " Someone should say "hey!" Ask again, "Can a mouse get through the net?" The public replied: "Leak nest!" "A lot of leaks in one year?" "365 nests!" The host family took out holiday food and distributed it to the children as a thank you for driving away the mice.
"Burning locusts" dusk: The family came to the field behind the house with hoes, lit a fire with weeds, and then shouted: "Burn locusts and dig worms!" Then dig out the soil and throw it into the fire, shouting, "burn the locusts and the grain will be ripe;" Dig the dead worms and the seedlings will flourish. " Throw away the hoe when you come back, or the ground worms will come back to life. A "cash cow" is to choose a golden bamboo with many branches and leaves, hang incense, tie candles and plant it in the yard when it gets dark. Then, the adults taught the children to shout, "There is a cash cow planted on the door, and there is a cornucopia behind it, which is shaken 365 days a year, and gold is dropped in the morning and silver is dropped at night." A "flea explosion" was carried out in the middle of the night, and Ligustrum lucidum was put in the fire outside the door. Cockroaches are extinct, and the scenery is really beautiful! "Gelao people also have activities such as gold mining, silver mining, water mining, sowing and sending Yuanxiao.
Sacrifice Wang Lei.
Sacrifice to Wang Leyan is a folk religious festival of Mulao people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is held at the beginning of May every year. The local Mulao people think that Chloe Wang is the god in charge of rainwater. He has wings, bulging eyes and a huge axe. As rainfall has seriously affected local agriculture, Mulao villages generally have Wang Leyan Temple, and once it doesn't rain for a long time, a prayer ceremony will be held. According to local folklore, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month is Chloe Wang's birthday. On this day, the whole village will play five-color flags, slaughter livestock as sacrifices, and collectively offer sacrifices to Chloe Wang. Other villages offered sacrifices to Wang Leyan on June 1 Sunday, July 13 and February 24 of the lunar calendar, praying for good weather and good harvests.
Sacrifice society
Sacrificial society is a folk religious festival of Mulao nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is held twice a year. In February, the sacrifice of social day is spring prayer, and in August, the sacrifice of social day is autumn newspaper. Mulao people think that the snake king is their patron saint, so there is a snake king temple on the side of the village, or they build a platform with stones as a social altar. On country day, the whole village gathered in front of the country altar to kill pigs and chickens, and gave blood to the country king for him to enjoy, and then supplied pig heads, pig tails, pig intestines and a chicken. There is no need for a mage to recite the scriptures, because the sacrifice is presided over by the old people in the village in turn. After the activity, the meat was distributed to the villagers, who brought it to their ancestors for sacrifice, and then the whole family ate it together. The purpose of spring prayer is to pray for a good year, and the purpose of autumn prayer is to thank the king of society for his achievements and offer his wishes for the coming year. In some places, there are activities to report to Ding. In other words, boys born in those years should get together to pay homage to the country, so as to tell the country that there are still a few people who want his blessing.
Tree festival
Tree Festival is a traditional festival of Gelao people in Liuzhi Special Zone of Guizhou Province. It is the first Dragon Field Day in the third month of the lunar calendar every year. Legend has it that when the Gelao people first came to earth from heaven, they lived in a big tree. It is also said that ancestors crossed trees, so they sacrificed trees. This day was designated as the Year of the Loong to commemorate the old dragon in Jinjiao. It is said that the first night when the ancestors fell from the sky, it was the old dragon in Jinjiao who let him live in a tree. When offering sacrifices to trees, you should choose a tree called down chicken, because its skin is very similar to Longlin. Optional-There is a big tree hanging in Gu Teng. The sacrifice was presided over by an old man, and several villages jointly recommended a respected person. At that time, the owner slaughtered a red rooster and a hen under a red umbrella, soaked the tree with blood, made a pious sacrifice to the old dragon in Jinjiao, and said some words of thanks to the tree. Families also watered the trees with red rooster's blood for a week. Then we have dinner together. The local Gelao people with high surname must complete all sacrifices and wash their hands and mouthwash before going home. Otherwise, they think Jinlong didn't receive it.
Sacrifice the landlord
Land sacrifice is a folk religious festival of Mulao nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Dates vary from place to place, and most of them are held in early January of the lunar calendar. Landlord, also known as landlord, is the patron saint of Mulao Village. It is said to protect villagers' safety and livestock from wild animals. In Mulao village, there are local temples. Tusi Temple is a shed half a man high with a small stone platform burning incense. At that time, the whole village will prepare wine and meat for collective sacrifice. In addition, knives, axes, swords, chains and other tools should be made of paper or wood and placed in front of the landlord. This means giving the landlord a new weapon to strengthen his ability to resist wild animals.
It's the year of the ox.
Niujie is also called Niuwang Festival and Niuji Festival. Gelao folk festivals are held on October 1st of the lunar calendar every year. Gelao people think this day is the birthday of cattle. During the festival, people kill chickens and prepare wine to worship the cow king and bodhisattva, praying for their health and disease-free. In order to make cows live a good life, cows are not allowed to work on this day, and they should be fed well. Gelao people in Zunyi, Renhuai and Zhenning of Guizhou also need to make T.
Spring Festival is a festival of Gelao people in Wuchuan City, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province. It is held at the beginning of the Lunar New Year every year. People forbid washing clothes during festivals, thinking that washing clothes will pollute springs. On this day, spring water collection activities will be held. Prepare water fishing tools and firecrackers the night before the festival. Unmarried men and women enjoy spring water at home. If there are several married men and women in the family, the honest, capable and witty person will be the first. If there are no unmarried men and women, borrow one from someone else's house and stay at home on the first night of the festival. The chicken crows for the first time and starts to act. Be gentle and quiet, or you will disturb the spring. Dip the water gently with a spoon, and use 12 bowls in normal years and 13 bowls in leap years.
After scooping, he shouted, "grab the spring!" " Set off firecrackers at the same time. Whoever sets off firecrackers first gets the "first pot of water", which shows that his children are very diligent. When you go home with water, you shout, "Come to my house, spring!" " Come to my house! "After returning home, immediately fire simmer water. When the whole family gets up, everyone will drink a cup of fragrant tea in the spring water, then a cup of honey rice tea, and then cook jiaozi in the spring water. People think that drinking spring water will be safe and healthy within one year.
Niu Birthday
The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is the birthday of the cow. Every family cleans the cowshed, washes the cows and feeds them well. On this day, they don't need cows, but give them a holiday. On this day, they will slaughter chickens and ducks, prepare wine and meat to worship the god of the cowshed, and steam black glutinous rice with maple leaf juice to worship their ancestors. Black glutinous rice can only be eaten by cows. Put maple leaves at the door to drive away mosquitoes and flies.
June 2(nd)
June 2nd in Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County, Guangxi, is a festival for the Mulao people. The Mulao people, who mainly cultivate rice fields, hold this festival on June 2 every year. The Mulao people, who mainly cultivate the early land, call this festival "Bogong Festival", which is held on June 6th every year. This is the season of rice growth and corn germination. This festival is to pray for protecting seedlings. Sacrifice is held under a big tree near the camel bell social altar, on the earthen platform in front of the statue or in front of the village. In some arid areas, stones are regarded as figures in the corners of fields.
First of all, sacrificial pigs should be taken to the altar or temple for slaughter, so that the gods can enjoy blood food. Then cut off the head, feet and tail and cook them with the internal organs. As a sacrifice, it is displayed in front of God, and incense and soju are burned as a sacrifice. After the sacrifice, one person from each family will attend a meeting meal in front of the altar. Finally, pork was distributed to all families. Two leaders and two representatives who presided over various public prayer activities were detained by various families in turn. In the first year, he will become a deputy, familiar with the ritual process, and in the second year, he will become a regular employee. The term of office of the first person is one year and cannot be re-elected.
Spring ploughing festival
The Mulao Spring Festival is a folk festival of the Mulao people in Luocheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is held on the first day of the Lunar New Year every year and lasts for two days. Once upon a time, people went to the Spring Cattle Pavilion in the eastern suburb of the county to watch the ceremony of "opening up wasteland to welcome the spring" presided over by the grandfather of the county. First, the county magistrate holds incense and worships God, land and citizens. Then he took off his shoes and trousers and went to the rice field, holding a plow in one hand and a whip in the other, shouting to everyone,' Spring has come, and farmers have gone to the fields.' . Then, give the cow three whips. For the first time, they say "good weather", for the second time, they say "good luck and good luck, and the people are safe", and for the third time, they say "the world is at peace". Then plow in the paddy field for three times, and then scatter the rice in the field to show the beginning of spring ploughing. The next day, each family held a groundbreaking ceremony in spring, and in winter, the village leaders distributed some rice seeds to each family. Each family offered these rice seeds, wine and meat as sacrifices to their ancestors, and then took the cows to their own fields to plow and scattered the rice seeds in the fields. Dongtou went to the door -t
During the Spring Festival, the Mulao people in Luocheng, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were influenced by Buddhism and did not eat meat on the first day. People think it is ok to fast meat at the beginning of the year and stop fasting all year round. On this day, every household needs glutinous rice flour to wrap jiaozi. On the second day of the lunar new year's eve, eat the wine and meat left over from the new year's eve dinner. 15 is New Year's Day, a time to kill chickens, cook the meat and steam glutinous rice. From the first day to the fifteenth, people don't work. Young men and women should concentrate on singing in the karaoke bars, singing Happy Winter during the day and Happy Ancient Times at night. On the evening of 15, people will pick some green leaves from other people's gardens, which is called "stealing green" and think that doing so will make the year clean and safe. If there is no food, pull up some grass. Most Mulao areas are reluctant to exchange New Year greetings and hospitality. Some places will invite "tea picking" troupes to perform. In some places, ancestors are worshipped on the first, seventh and fifteenth day of the first year.
Dragon Boat Festival
On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, the Mulao people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region will invite teachers in red uniforms, and the two of them will take a paper boat to the fields. Master Gong kept chanting and patrolling to catch insects, praying for the growth and harvest of our children.
Ancestor festival
Ancestor Festival is a traditional folk festival of Mulao people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is held on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month every year and ends on 14. On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, an ancestor worship ceremony was held. Every household will kill chickens and ducks, burn incense and paper to welcome the return of ancestors' souls. After that, before three meals a day, we should take rice to worship our ancestors, and then the whole family can eat it until the last day. At the same time, married daughters must go home to pay their respects. On day 14, every household prepared banquets such as chicken, duck, fish and zongzi. First, worship the ancestral tablets, and then enjoy drinking. Wrap incense ashes and paper ashes and throw them into the river, which means to send ancestors off the boat. Since the 1950s, this festival has not flourished.
March 3rd
March 3rd is a folk religious festival of Mulao people in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, which is held on March 3rd every year. According to legend, the third day of March is Wang Po's birthday. He is also known as the Virgin and Lady Flower, and is responsible for human reproduction. If a barren man wants a child, he will go to Wang Po Temple to worship on the third day of March. There are three wooden statues in the temple, one is a judge with a pen in his hand, the other is a mother holding a baby and the other is a mother nursing the baby. Sacrifice is held collectively. When you kill a pig, you should sacrifice its head, tail, feet and internal organs. Everyone burns incense and paper and makes sacrifices in order to bless his grandmother and have a happy son. If the child is sick, he should also call his mother-in-law and pray for her to bless the child's early recovery.
_ Fan Street
"Mi" means offering sacrifices to the Mulao people. Once every three to five years, choose a good day after beginning of winter, and take the same surname as a unit, so as to bless the ancestors and get a bumper harvest. During the festival, every household will slaughter chickens, ducks, pigs and brown seeds at the same time. At the time of sacrifice, the full glutinous rice with the longest ear is tied up with colored lines and hung on the wall where the scriptures are sung. The big table in the main house is full of buffaloes and cows made of taro and sweet potatoes. Put pig's teeth in the horn, and make oxtail with fragrant roots and hemp rope.
There is a plate of five-color glutinous rice balls on the table. There are 12 kinds of spices such as sweet wine, sesame, soybean, peanut, pepper, galangal and star anise around the rice plate, plus 12 kinds of offerings such as pig heart, hoof, liver, chicken, pig, fish and egg. They are colorful, which means that the grain is abundant and the six livestock are prosperous. One of the invited teachers, dressed in red cassock and sandals, is good at asking God to take action. The other, dressed in plain clothes, specializes in chanting scriptures and invited thirty-six gods. Every time he sings a song, he has to change the lyrics. Every time the teacher sings a word, the elders around him will make an attachment sound of "Oh-hoo". The activity started the morning before and didn't end until dawn the next day. After the sacrifice, the rice ear was safe.
Ramp node
Walking Festival, also known as the festival of afterlife, is a Mulao festival in Luocheng County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In the past, there was no fixed date, and it was usually held after the Spring Festival or in the off-season of autumn. Later, the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month was designated as the climbing day. Walking on the hillside means going up the mountain to play with Geng. Now people have festivals in the market. When the festival comes, young people hold hands in twos and threes. After finding the duet, they went to the scenic lawn, slope, foot of the mountain or the edge of a big stone, as well as one side of the shopping center to sing the duet. When singing, there are usually two people, a lead singer and a backup singer. Mulao folk songs are sung in a variety of ways, and only four or six sentences are sung when walking on the slope. The scale and number of slopes vary from place to place. Huayuan Cave in Luocheng County is one of the most famous slopes in this area. The Mulao people in Yishan County, Liucheng County and Hechi County call this festival "Afterlife Festival", which means that the main characters of the festival are young men and women.