The characteristics of bacterial food poisoning are as follows: ① Outbreaks mostly occur in collective dining units, and patients are obviously related to eating the same contaminated food; ② The incubation period is short, and the onset is sudden, with acute gastroenteritis as the main clinical manifestation and ophthalmoplegia and pharyngeal paralysis as the main botulism; ③ The course of disease is short, and most of them heal themselves within 2 ~ 3 days; ④ It mostly occurs in summer and autumn.
I. Gastrointestinal food poisoning
The incubation period is short, often occurring several hours after eating. The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal food poisoning caused by various pathogenic bacteria or their toxins are very similar, mainly manifested as gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea and vomiting. General onset is acute, abdominal discomfort, persistent or paroxysmal epigastric colic, nausea and vomiting. Vomiting is mostly stomach contents. The course of the disease is short, and it usually recovers within 1 ~ 3 days.
1. Salmonella is food poisoning: after eating for 4-24 hours, people feel chills, and their body temperature rises to 38-39.5 degrees Celsius, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, watery diarrhea, and sometimes a small amount of pus and blood, which smells like fish. 2, Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisoning: 9~20 hours after eating, unbearable colic appeared in the upper abdomen, diarrhea watery stool, the number of times can reach dozens.
3, Proteus food poisoning: 30~ 120 minutes after eating, self-induced headache, skin flushing, drunkenness, urticaria-like allergic reaction.
E. E.coli food poisoning: Infants are the most common cases. 2~20 hours after eating, nausea, vomiting, watery stool or mucus stool, and foul smell. Severe cases have high fever and lethargy. Children often have convulsions, drowsiness and even dehydration.
4, staphylococcal food poisoning: 2 to 5 hours after eating food containing staphylococcal toxins, the symptoms are severe nausea and vomiting. Vomiting is mucus, sometimes containing blood and bile. Body temperature is normal or slightly elevated.
5. Botox food poisoning: 2 hours to 10 day after eating food containing botulinum exotoxin, self-perceived objects have double images, drooping eyelids, paralysis of eye muscles and pharynx muscles, difficulty in conversation and breathing, and severe heart failure. Second, nervous food poisoning
The incubation period is mostly 12~36h(2h~ 10d). Typical clinical manifestations are progressive nerve paralysis, mainly dizziness, general weakness, abdominal distension, constipation, nausea and vomiting, followed by blurred vision, diplopia, dilated pupils, ophthalmoplegia and drooping eyelids. Severe cases include slurred speech, dysphagia, difficulty in chewing and pronouncing, salivation, hoarseness, dyspnea and quadriplegia, and may also include abdominal distension, urinary retention and decreased saliva. Severe cases may be life-threatening due to paralysis of respiratory center and respiratory muscles within 2 ~ 3 days. Generally, the body temperature is normal or low fever, and the mind is always clear. Nerve root pain of limbs is less, tendon reflex and cerebrospinal fluid are normal. It usually recovers gradually in 4 ~ 10 days, and dysphagia and dyspnea improve first. Muscle paralysis may last for months, and vision often takes months to recover.