Coffee chicken, also known as the noblewoman chicken, royal chicken, is the United Kingdom, France, Holland and other European countries of the new varieties of famous special poultry. Because of its gorgeous appearance, strong adaptability, tender meat, high rate of lean meat, nutritious, medicinal and food, after the introduction of our country by the majority of producers and consumers favor, the development is very fast. Our school special economic animal farm has bought back the toffee chicken rearing success. Now according to our practical experience, briefly introduce the characteristics of varieties of chickens and hatching and breeding technology, for peer reference.
1 Guifei chicken appearance characteristics, biological characteristics and production performance
1.1 Appearance characteristics and biological characteristics
Guifei chickens are small, peculiar appearance, lightweight. Head wearing a crown, the crown body before an independent triangular crown, the crown body for the bean-shaped crown, and extended into a "V" fleshy angular crown, bright red color, the back side of the shape of the sphere like a large black and white flowers in the plume, especially as the western noblewoman's hat. Long beard to cover part of the eyelids, so that people only see the large and flexible eyes, small and short beak, exposed nostrils. Clothed in blue and black with white floral flake feathers, walking with head held high, flake feathers shaking, large groups gathered very beautiful, has a unique ornamental value. The feet are spurred and five-clawed. The sexually mature cockerel makes a "gaga" call, and the hen makes a "do-do" call. Toffee chickens have a strong adaptability, good resistance to cold and heat. They have a wide range of food habits, grow fast and do not peck eggs. Mild temperament, not good at pecking, like to live in groups, not afraid of people, outside the sports field with a finger knocking the mesh can be attracted toffee chickens pecking fingers. Flying ability is weak, love sunshine.
1.2 Production Performance
Hens can start laying at about 180 days of age, and each hen produces about 150 to 180 eggs per year, with white shells and an average egg weight of 40 grams. Adult hens weigh about 1.1 to 1.25 kilograms, and roosters weigh about 1.5 to 1.75 kilograms. Under good feeding and management conditions, they can lay eggs from March to February every year, and the fertilization rate of breeding eggs and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs are about 90% from March to August, and about 80% from September to February the following year. The average weight of commercial chickens is 33 grams at 1 day of age, 268 grams at 25 days of age, 475 grams at 40 days of age (P.S.: randomly weighed at the time of vaccination), and the market weight at 90 days of age is 900 to 1100 grams. Feed commercial broiler pellets and add the appropriate amount of imported fish meal, meat ratio of 1:3.5.
2 Toffee chicken hatching technology
The Toffee chicken embraces not strong, reproduction of the offspring can be used in the electric incubator incubation, local hatching and other methods, the incubation period of 21 days, in order to increase the hatch rate of fertilized eggs, should master the following technical points
2.1 Timely disinfection of hatching eggs
The seed eggs
The seed eggs
The seed eggs
The seed eggs
Breeding eggs are kept at room temperature of 13-15℃ for a maximum of 5-7 days, and before hatching, they are soaked in two ten-thousandths of potassium permanganate solution for 2 minutes, and then dried for hatching.
2.2 Control the temperature and humidity
After hatching, the temperature of the 1st to 18th day is 37.8-38.0℃ in winter and 37.5℃ in summer. The 19th day transferred to the chick machine, the temperature in winter 37.2 ℃ winter, summer 37.0 ℃ is appropriate. Relative humidity requirements are: 60% on the 1st to 18th day, 70% on the 19th to 21st day. Methods to increase humidity include: adding a water dish or wet towel in the machine; spraying warm water on the egg surface, etc.
2.3 Turning and shining eggs
Turning eggs every 2 to 4 hours on the 1st to 18th days, picking out spermless eggs and dead embryonic eggs on the 5th to 7th days, and then secondly on the 19th day, transferring the live embryonic eggs to the chicks' machine, and then stopping turning them over to wait for the chicks to come out. When it is difficult to lay, the eggshell can be gently peeled off by artificial means.
3 Technical points of brooding chickens
3.1 Improve the disinfection of brooder house, utensils, bedding
(1) brooder house: thoroughly clean the dust on the walls and eaves, rinse the walls and the ground with tap water, dry the walls with 20% of the milk of lime, and then 3% of the caustic soda water brushing the ground and the wall 1 meter high from the ground, and finally close the doors and windows with the formaldehyde fumigation for 24 hours. formaldehyde fumigation for 24 hours. (2) Appliances: wash the trays and drinkers with water, then soak them in 0.1% Neosporin solution for 1 hour, and finally rinse them with water and dry them in the sun. (3) bedding: dry in the sun before use, and spray disinfection with 1/500 ~ 1/600 of 84 disinfectant solution.
3.2 Give appropriate temperature and humidity
Breeding temperature is the key to the success of brooding, 1 ~ 2 days of age the appropriate temperature of 32 ℃, and can be reduced by 0.5 ℃ every day after that, although the Guineafowl is more resistant to cold, but in the 21-30 days of age to ensure that the room temperature of 22 ℃ or so, so brooder house should be provided with adequate heating equipment, such as iron stove with smoke pipe, heat preservation umbrella or Electric heating board, etc. Relative humidity to 65% to 70% in the early stage, 55% to 60% in the late stage is appropriate. The brooder house should be strictly prevented from intrusion of wind, and in the weather eyeing good or chicken activities when the window is open for a period of time in order to change the air.
3.3 Give full-price feed and clean water
Full-price egg chick meal can be fed and mixed with 4% of imported fishmeal and 6% of feed yeast, so that the feed crude protein reaches 25% or so, in order to facilitate the growth and development of chicks. Feed throughout the day, free feeding, but should pay attention to feed less and add more diligently. Drinking water is best used with clean cold boiled water.
3.4 Strengthen management
(1) Expand the flock in time. With the increase in age, the feeding density should be gradually evacuated from about 60 per square meter to about 30 per square meter.
(2) Pay attention to hygiene: wash the food dish and drinking vessel diligently; replace wet and dirty bedding in time.
(3) Observe diligently, prevent and control, and keep good records: ①Feeding personnel should carefully observe the chick's spirit, appetite, feces and respiratory conditions every day. Found sick and weak chickens, should be isolated in a timely manner; found dead chickens, should be promptly diagnosed by autopsy, the right medicine; ② regular disinfection, strictly in accordance with the immunization program vaccination and do a good job in a variety of forms of record work.
4 Technical points of breeding management of Guifei breeder
4.1 Improve the selection work
90 days of age for the first selection of the first, selected to stay in the appearance of the characteristics of the complete body weight in line with the standards of male and female chickens as a reserve breeder, the other chickens as a commercial broiler market. 180 days of age for the second selection of the second, the requirements of the male chicken fast action, strong libido; female chickens eye bright, God, the fat and thin. The second selection was made at 180 days of age.
4.2 Feed and water
Reserve breeder chickens can be used to limit the feeding of young laying hens, feeding twice a day, about 100 grams per day. Laying hens can be fed with 2% imported fishmeal and 5% feed yeast in laying hens, 3 times a day, 125 grams per day. Supply clean water throughout the day.
4. 3 Strengthen management
①Density. Reserve breeders are kept 8 to 10 per square meter of the house, and there should be a sports ground outside the house that is more than double the size of the house. Laying hens are kept 4 to 5 per square meter of the house, with 100 to 150 per group. Male and female ratio of 1:7 ~ 8, the use of years is generally 3 years. It is best to have a calcium pool in the exercise yard, put some shellac or limestone in the pool. ② light. Reserve breeders to natural light is appropriate, laying hens daily light time should reach 15 to 16 / hours, to turn on and off the lights regularly. ③ Pay attention to health, disease prevention and treatment. Clean the indoor and outdoor feces every day, pay attention to the observation of chickens, timely prevention and treatment of disease. Other. Diligent egg inspection, to ensure that the egg box hygiene, the best indoor and outdoor with perches.
5 The main disease control measures for the guinea fowl
5.1 Chicken Newcastle Disease
At 5 and 25 days of age, each with a chicken Newcastle Disease Ⅱ vaccine eye and nose drops; at 40 and 135 days of age, each with a Ⅰ vaccine intramuscular injection, the breeder resting and then inoculated with 1 series of vaccine once. Epidemic areas should be emergency injection of Ⅰ series vaccine.
5.2 Fasciolosis
At 10 and 30 days of age, each with a weak vaccine to drink; one month before laying and 38 ~ 40 weeks of age, each with an inactivated vaccine intramuscular injection. At the onset of high immunity yolk liquid can be injected intramuscularly, and inactivated vaccine is used once after 7 to 10 days.
5.3 White diarrhea
1～20 days of age in the feed according to the instructions for the use of alternately mixed with haloperidol powder prevention (attached: 3～7 days of age to stop). Add 1% crushed garlic to the feed to increase appetite and prevent disease.
5.4 Coccidioidomycosis
20～60 days old chicks can be mixed with appropriate amount of chlorpheniramine, gram powder and other drugs alternately to prevent (attached: 23～27 days old, 38～42 days old to stop the drug). Ground level raising and high temperature and high humidity environment is most likely to cause outbreaks of coccidiosis.
5.5 Avian ascariasis
If for the ground level raising, it is best to deworm every two months. The first drug is Roundworm Deworming which has less side effects on birds.