Physiological saline refers to a sodium chloride solution whose osmotic pressure is equal to that of animal or human plasma commonly used in physiological experiments or clinical practice.

Concentration: 0.67~0.70% when used for amphibians, 0.85~0.9% when used for mammals and humans

Sodium chloride injection that people usually use intravenously The concentration of the solution is 0.9, which can be used as physiological saline. [Edit this paragraph] Properties: Physiological saline is a 0.9 sodium chloride aqueous solution. Because its osmotic pressure is roughly the same as that of normal people's plasma and tissue fluid, it can be used It is used for rehydration (it will not reduce or increase the concentration of sodium ions in the normal human body) and other medical purposes. It is also commonly used to culture living tissues and cells in vitro.

Sodium chloride: commonly known as salt and table salt. [Edit this paragraph] Its function can prevent cell rupture. Its osmotic pressure is the same as that outside the cell, so it will not dehydrate the cells or absorb excessive water. Therefore, it is used in many places where liquids are needed in various medical operations. Human cell life The concentration of the liquid environment in which it is located. In order to correct dehydration and acidosis, different liquids are often mixed in proportion to be used clinically. Why can't we use a single saline solution or 5 or 10GS solution to correct dehydration and acidosis? This is because severe diarrhea in infants and young children, in addition to metabolic acidosis caused by loss of sodium bicarbonate, also causes nutritional imbalance (so-called "starvation") ketosis and loss of large amounts of electrolytes and water. Therefore, there is a need for a mixture that can replenish electrolytes, correct acidosis, overcome ketosis, and replenish water and calories. Physiological saline or 5-10 glucose solution alone cannot meet the above pathophysiological requirements. Using normal saline alone for infusion, when sodium chloride has been replenished but dehydration has not yet been replenished, continuing to use normal saline will cause salt diuresis, and in severe cases, salt poisoning may occur. When 5 to 10 GS is simply used for infusion, it will cause extracellular hypotonicity, thereby reducing the secretion of antidiuretic hormone, causing diuresis. In severe cases, water intoxication may occur, causing neurological symptoms. The clinical manifestation is that the more fluid is given, the more urine will be produced. The reason is that this. However, due to healthy liver and kidney function in adults, in addition to mixed solutions, dehydrated patients can also use the method of alternating intravenous injection of normal saline and 5 or 10 GS solution, that is, injecting a bottle of 500ml of normal saline and then injecting a bottle of 500ml of GS solution. When correcting acidosis, add alkaline solution to the GS solution bottle and instill it. [Edit this paragraph] Formula Formula 1 Physiological saline for various animals

Mammals need a physiological saline concentration of 0.9. Weigh 0.9 grams of sodium chloride, dissolve it in a small amount of distilled water, and dilute to 100 ml.

The concentration of physiological saline required for birds is 0.75. Weigh 0.75 g of sodium chloride, dissolve it and dilute it to 100 ml with distilled water.

The required saline concentration for amphibians is 0.65. Weigh 0.65 g of sodium chloride, dissolve it and dilute it to 100 ml with distilled water.

Formula 2: Ringer's saline

Sodium chloride 6.5g sodium bicarbonate 0.2g

Potassium chloride 0.14g sodium dihydrogen phosphate 0.01 g

Calcium chloride 0.12 g

First dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate in a small amount of distilled water, mix and dilute with distilled water to 980 ml. Then dissolve calcium chloride in 20 ml of distilled water, and add the calcium chloride solution drop by drop to the above solution while stirring to avoid insoluble calcium phosphate precipitation.

This solution is used for cold-blooded animals, especially amphibians.

Formula Locke's saline

Sodium chloride 9.0g sodium bicarbonate 0.1~0.3g

Potassium chloride 0.42g calcium chloride 0.24g

Dissolve sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium bicarbonate in a small amount of distilled water respectively. After mixing, add distilled water to 980 ml. Dissolve calcium chloride in 20 ml of distilled water and add it dropwise to the above solution.

The above solution is used for warm-blooded animals, especially mammals.