The place where bees live and breed their offspring consists of nests and spleen. The space of the nests and spleens in the hive hangs parallel to each other and perpendicular to the ground, and the distance between nests and spleens is 7 ~ 1 mm, which is called bee path. Each nest spleen is composed of thousands of nests, which are built by worker bees with beeswax secreted by their own wax glands. Large and small hexagonal nests are used to cultivate drones and worker bees, respectively, with three rhombic faces on the bottom. The nest room for cultivating the queen bee, called the queen platform, is shaped like drooping peanuts, which was temporarily built by the bee colony before bee separation, mostly at the lower part and corner of the nest spleen. There are irregular transitional nests between the drone house and the worker house, as well as the joint between the nest spleen and the nest frame, which are used to store honey and strengthen the nest spleen.

The chemical composition of beehive is very complex, which mainly contains beeswax, resin, oil, pigment, tannin, sugar, organic acids, fatty acids, glycosides, enzymes and insect hormones.