("Upp Materia Medica")

Nylon cloth (Wupu Materia Medica) and Haikun cloth (Shandong traditional Chinese medicine) are different names.

The source is thallus of laminaria or laminaria pinnatifida of laminaria family.

Plant morphology ① kelp

Large perennial brown algae, which is banded when the plant matures and can reach more than 6 meters long. The root fixator is coarse fiber-like, consisting of several bifurcated rhizomes, with sucker at the end. It is a short cylindrical handle with a length of 5 ~ 15 cm. The upper part of the stem is a leaflike body, which is oval when it is young, and then gradually stretches into a strip, flat, 2-6 meters long and 20-50 cm wide, solid and leathery, slightly thicker in the middle, thinner on both sides and wavy wrinkles. Sporangium is produced on both sides of thallus during reproductive period.

Born in the cold ocean, most of them are attached to the rocks at a depth of 1 ~ 3 meters below the dry tide line. Distributed in coastal areas of Shandong and Liaoning. At present, there are artificial breeding.

The root fixator (kelp root) of this plant is also used as medicine, which is described in detail in another article.

Kelp, also known as: noodle dish, black sea belt, goose web dish.

Large perennial brown algae. The root fixator consists of dendritic pseudoroots, which are overlapped several times to form a cone with a diameter of 5 ~ 15 cm. The handle is cylindrical or slightly oblate, hollow, with a length of 8 ~ 100 cm and a diameter of 10 ~ 15 mm. Mucous cavity is irregular ring and scattered in cortex. The thallus is flat, leathery, slightly shriveled, dark brown, 2 ~ 3mm thick, 1 ~ 2 pinnate, lobes on both sides are long tongue-shaped, the base is wedge-shaped, and the leaf margin is generally coarsely serrated. Sporangium is formed on the surface of the cell, and zoospores are produced in September ~165438+10.

Born on a rock near the low tide line. Distributed in Fujian, Zhejiang and other coastal areas.

(3) Undaria pinnatifida (Yao Kecheng's Edible Materia Medica)

Perennial brown algae, the plant length is about 1 ~ 2 meters, and the width can reach 1 meter. The rhizome fixator is fibrous, bifurcated and whorled at the lower end of the stem. The stalk is short, nearly oblate, cylindrical, with a diameter of about 10 ~ 15 mm, and the leaflike body is flat, brown and soft-skinned; There is a main rib with obvious uplift in the center, which is thin on both sides and usually forms many feathery soft lobes. Lobe edges are concave, sometimes undivided, but oval; There are many small black spots scattered on it, and mucus glands are densely distributed in all directions. In spring, fungus-like, thick and colloid-rich overlapping folds are planted on both sides of the stem, which contain sporangia and produce many swimming spores.

Born on rocks below the low tide line 1 ~ 4 meters deep. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Liaoning and other coastal areas.

Harvest in summer and autumn, remove from the sea and dry.

The dried thallus of kelp is curled and folded into a ball or wrapped into a stalk. They are all green-brown or black-brown, with hoarfrost on the surface. After softening in water, it swells and grows into a flat strip with a width of 50 ~ 150 cm and a width of 10 ~ 50 cm. The middle part is thick, and the edge is thin and wavy. Thick, tough and sticky. Twist by hand without delamination. The rest of the handle is oblate. It smells fishy and salty.

Produced in Shandong, Liaoning and other places.

(2) The dried thallus of kelp curls and shrinks into irregular blocks. All black, with hoarfrost on the surface and thin quality. When it softens in water, it unfolds into a flat leaf shape, with a length and width of 15 ~ 26 cm and a thickness of about1.5 mm. The two sides are pinnately divided, and the lobes are long tongue-shaped with small teeth at the edge. It's smooth and can be peeled into two layers by hand twisting. It smells fishy and salty.

Produced in Fujian.

(3) Undaria pinnatifida is similar in shape to kelp, but it is brownish green, thin and kneeling, and most of it has been broken. When it softens in water, it expands into a flat leaf shape with ribs in the middle, and a large amount of mucus, such as agar, dissolves, which is easy to peel into two layers. It tastes fishy and salty.

Produced in Zhejiang.

All three are neat, thick and free of impurities.

Chemical composition kelp is rich in polysaccharide components, such as alginic acid, laminin, mannitol, inorganic salts and so on. 20 ~ 35% of the dried product is inorganic, and the water-soluble salt contains 40% of potassium oxide, 0.27 ~ 0.72% of iodine, about 65,438 0.06% of calcium, about 22 μ g% of cobalt, 65438±0.89 ppm of fluorine and 0.042 ~ 0.77% of carotene (dry).

Thallus Laminariae contains alginic acid 25.6%, crude protein 9.97%, mannitol 7.2 1%, ash 26.03%, potassium 4.92% and iodine 0.28%.

Undaria pinnatifida contains about 1.8% iodine, bromine and calcium, alginic acid, 1, 4- thiazine -3- carboxylic acid S- oxide, riboflavin 2 10 ~ 1000 μ g% (two dry products) and vitamin B/kloc. Methyl linolenate, plant alcohol, palmitic acid, fucosterol, algisterols, free terpenes, ryegrass lactone and mannitol were also separated from the methanol oil extract.

Alginic acid is also separated from laminaria angustifolia and laminaria japonica. In addition, laminin was also detected in various seaweeds.

Pharmacological action ① Effect on thyroid gland

Its function is caused by iodine and iodide. Thallus Laminariae can be used to correct hypothyroidism caused by iodine deficiency, at the same time, it can temporarily inhibit the metabolic rate of hyperthyroidism and relieve symptoms, but it can not last long, so it can be used for preoperative preparation. Iodide can promote the absorption of pathological products such as inflammatory exudates after entering tissues and blood. And can make pathological tissue collapse and dissolve, so it is generally not used for active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Compared with simple iodine and potassium iodide, the iodine contained in kelp is absorbed slowly, stays in the body for a long time and excretes slowly.

② Hypotensive effect

Luigi Colani has antihypertensive effect. Intravenous injection of Luigi Colani monocitrate can temporarily lower blood pressure in anesthetized rabbits, and this effect is not blocked by atropine. It does not affect the pressor response caused by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion or injection of norepinephrine; In vivo and in vitro tests, it can inhibit the heartbeat amplitude, but does not affect the heartbeat frequency. It has obvious inhibitory effect on smooth muscle such as small intestine and bronchus. It can also resist the contraction caused by acetylcholine, serotonin and barium chloride; In isolated rat small intestine, the anti-acetylcholine effect is 0.8% of papaverine. It can enhance the effect of norepinephrine on isolated guinea pig vas deferens. Frogs have a weak effect on rectus abdominis. Laminaria polysaccharide hydrochloride can also lower blood pressure and inhibit isolated rabbit intestine; But it has a slight exciting effect on isolated rabbit heart.

③ Antiasthmatic and antitussive effects.

The crude extract of kelp root has antiasthmatic effect on guinea pigs (histamine method), and has certain antitussive effect on cough in rats (0.59% sulfur dioxide method) and cats (electric nerve method). Different from codeine, toxic dose can reduce the movement of animals, make them lie on their side, and even die in a coma.

④ Other functions

Kelp extract has protective effect on rabbits infected with Schistosoma cercariae (decoction is ineffective). After infection 1 day, oral fluid extract 2g/kg was taken for 90 days, and the residual number of Schistosoma japonicum in rabbits was significantly reduced compared with that in the control group, especially the liver lesions were much smaller than that in the control group, the normal structure was roughly preserved, only a few egg nodules were formed, and the peripheral fibrosis was not significant, especially the newborn eggs were not easy to find. Oral administration of seaweed, kelp, scorpion and centipede polyjuice potion (Hua 'aidan) in mice can inhibit Ehrlich ascites cancer. Laminaria polysaccharide has no effect on IRE of ascites reticulocyte sarcoma in rats. Laminaria polysaccharide is a kind of polysaccharide, and its low level of sulfate (0.62 sulfate/glucose unit) is similar to heparin, which has the effect of clearing blood lipid, but has no obvious anticoagulant effect, and can be used for patients with atherosclerosis. Buxuningm sulfate extracted from L.cloustoni is similar to heparin in removing blood lipid, increasing lipoprotein electrophoresis ability and changing lipoprotein distribution after intravenous injection, but its duration is short (4 ~ 6 hours). The effect of intramuscular injection (100 mg) is not significant, which may be due to insufficient dose. Sodium alginate extracted from kelp has hemostatic effect on internal arterial bleeding in animals. See "Seaweed" for other functions.

Processing, removing impurities, washing, cutting into wide shreds, and drying.

It tastes salty and cold.

① Upp Materia Medica: "Sour and salty, cold and nontoxic."

② Herbal rejuvenation: "Bitter taste, cold nature and non-toxic."

Meridian tropism ① "Basic Drug Prescription": "Entering the stomach meridian."

② Herbal rejuvenation: "Entering spleen meridian."

Function: It is mainly used to soften and strengthen the body and promote water circulation. Treat scrofula, swelling and pain, diaphragmatic choking, edema, testicular swelling and pain, and excessive leucorrhea.

(1) recorded separately: "Twelve categories: edema, swelling and pain, pneumatosis and flaccid sores."

② "Theory of Medicinal Properties": "Benefiting the waterway, eliminating facial swelling, eliminating malignant sores and rat fistula."

③ Compendium of Materia Medica: "The main rotten egg is swollen."

(4) Cui Yuxi's "Food Classics": "Treat nine fistulas, wind-heat furuncle, hand and foot pain, and benefit people."

⑤ "Materia Medica Xuan Tong": "The main choking diaphragm."

⑥ Yao Kecheng's Materia Medica of Food: "Undaria pinnatifida, the female host is red, white and leucorrhea, and the male host is fine."

⑦ "Drug Solution of Sorbus pohuashanensis": "Drain and remove dampness, and break the accumulation to be soft and firm." "It can clear away heat and promote diuresis, and treat abdominal distension, scrofula, carbuncle, epilepsy, hernia and ulcer. It is used together with seaweed and kelp."

⑧ Modern and practical Chinese medicine: "Treat edema, stranguria and wet beriberi. It also treats goiter, chronic tracheitis and cough. "

Oral administration and dosage: decocted, 1 ~ 3 yuan; I still took the pills and dispersed them.

Should avoid spleen and stomach deficiency cold, cold and dampness.

(1) Dietotherapy Materia Medica: "Breathe down, take thin people for a long time."

2 Pinhui Essence: "Do not take it during pregnancy."

③ Medical introduction: "People with stomach deficiency should use it with caution."

Prescription 1: Treatment of carbuncle and tuberculosis, swelling and hardness: one or two pieces of kelp (washed and tasted). Beat the Luo into powder. Every dollar spent is wrapped in cotton and soaked in vinegar. When the taste of drugs containing pharynx and body fluid is exhausted, they will be contained again. (Sheng Huifang)

(2) Treatment of subgingival cyst, gradually scabbing: kelp, seaweed, etc. Finally, the honey pill is as big as an apricot pit and contains a little juice, which lasts for four or five days. (Behind the elbow)

(3) Treat carbuncle with initial stagnation, stuffy throat and swelling: betel nut 32, seaweed 22 (washing away salt water) and kelp 32 (washing away salt water). Take medicine, pound Luo into powder, refine honey into pills, which are as big as marbles and often contain a pill of pharynx and body fluid. (Sheng Huifang)

④ Treatment of qi stagnation, fullness of chest and abdomen, and thickening of throat and neck: two or two pieces of kelp (to wash the salty juice), one or two pieces of medulla tetrapanacis, two pieces of mutton (to roast), one or two pieces of sea clam (to grind) and one or two pieces of horsetail seaweed (to wash the salty juice). On the five flavors, honey pills are like marbles, containing throat juice. Avoid lettuce, hot noodles, barbecue, garlic and bamboo shoots. ("Guangji Fang" Kunbu Pill)

⑤ Treatment of choking diaphragm: one or two pieces of kelp (washed, baked and chopped), a pile of pestle and a pile of fine chaff, ground. Siphon with an old cow, mix with raw lily juice, put it in honey and fry it slowly, stir it into paste, and finally pestle it into pills as big as gorgon fruit. Take one pill at a time, including swallowing. (Kumbufang's "Sheng Ji Zong Lu")

⑥ Treating qi, bladder menstruation is urgent, so it is appropriate to reduce qi: soak one catty of kelp in white rice juice for one night, wash away the salty taste, boil it in a bucket of water until it is cooked, and when it is three inches long and four or five minutes wide, still hold the scallion and cut off two inches. If you cook too much, the kelp is rotten, and you add salt to stew it. (Kun Bu Ju method in Guangjifang)

Well-known experts discuss ① The Classic of Materia Medica: "Kunbu is salty and firm, moist in nature, and cold can clear away heat and dissipate stagnation, so it governs twelve kinds of edema, swelling and pain, pneumatosis and fistula. Dongyuan Yun: If you are as hard as a stone, you can't get rid of it, but just being salty can make you soft and hard. Its odor performance is treated in the same way as seaweed. "

(2) Materia Medica: "Kelp is superior to seaweed in nature, and is often used for choking and removing old phlegm."

Mind you, this Chinese herbal medicine kelp comes from the internet. Please follow the doctor's advice before use.