Generally speaking, the nutrients contained in food can be divided into six categories: sugar, protein, oil, inorganic salts, vitamins and water.

carbohydrate

Also known as carbohydrates, it is one of the important components of the human body. Usually the staple foods we eat, such as steamed bread, rice and bread, all contain carbohydrates. Both white sugar and brown sugar belong to carbohydrates, and fruits also contain a lot of carbohydrates.

The main function of sugar is to provide energy for human life activities, and more than 70% of the energy needed by human body is provided by the oxidative decomposition of sugar.

protein

Protein is the basic substance of cells. The content in adults is about 16.3%, second only to water. Protein is also used to renew and repair tissues and cells, and can also provide human energy. Without protein, there would be no life.

Grease: 65,438+00%-40% of the total energy required by human body is provided by fat, which is one of the nutrients with the highest heat production. Fat in human body is an important energy storage substance and a structural component of tissues and cells.

Inorganic salts: also known as minerals, are very important to our health. Fruits, vegetables and grains all contain important inorganic salts. Mineral water is also rich in inorganic salts, and the water we usually drink also contains inorganic salts. Some human diseases are related to the lack of various inorganic salts. For example, anemia is caused by insufficient iron content in patients. Fracture patients need to eat more calcium-containing food. This is because the growth of bones needs calcium. Some children are stunted and their intellectual development is slower than that of their peers. This is because they don't get enough zinc. Long-term iodine deficiency can cause goiter and other diseases. Iodization of salt can prevent such diseases.

Vitamins: The growth, development and life activities of the human body are inseparable from vitamins. Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the human body itself and must be taken from food. People who lack vitamins will get sick.

Water: It is the most abundant in human body, accounting for about 60%-70% of body weight. Water is the best lubricant and solvent for human body, and all life activities of human body are inseparable from water.