Andrographis paniculata's pharmacology:
Andrographis paniculata's toxicity is very small, mice orally 10g/kg of crude crystals, activity is reduced, and often close their eyes and seem to be asleep, anatomical observation of the heart, kidneys, liver, spleen, and other appearance of the naked eye is normal; 0.5g/kg per day orally, for 10 days, on the growth of the mice, appetite, fecal matter, state of mind, and red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and white blood cell classification counts are not seen, the mice are not the same as those of the mice. The growth, appetite, mental status and red and white blood cell count, hemoglobin and leukocyte classification count of the mice were not abnormal. When mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5g of the decoction, all 2 mice died within 24 hours, while those injected with the aqueous extract needed lg of the decoction/only to have the same toxicity.
Toxicity: 14-desoxyandrographolide injection intravenously, the LD50 of mice is 0.359±0.012g/kg. Andrographolide decoction wine-sinking extract intravenously, the LD50 of mice is 0.359±0.012g/kg. 14-desoxyandrographolide, Andrographolide, and neoandrographolide were given to mice at 5g/kg once. Andrographolide, Andrographolide and Neo Andrographolide were administered to mice at 5g/kg for 1 time or 0.5g/kg daily for 10 days, and no significant toxicity reactions were observed. The oral LD50 of Andrographolide in mice was 13.4g/kg, that of deoxyandrographolide was >20g/kg, that of Andrographolide was >40g/kg, and that of neoandrographolide and dehydrated Andrographolide were both >20g/kg. Subacute toxicity tests showed that deoxyandrographolide or Andrographolide administered by gavage at 1g/kg once a day for 7 consecutive days caused no significant toxic effects on body weight, blood counts, blood pressure, body mass, and body weight of rats or rabbits. rabbits, the body weight, blood, liver and kidney functions and tissue sections of major organs did not see significant effects.
About Andrographis:
English name Common Andrographis Herb
Alias
Yimianxi, Chopping Snake Sword, Bitter Grass, Eleutherococcus.
Spring Lotus and Autumn Willow ("Lingnan Materia Medica Record"), Yimianxi ("Quanzhou Materia Medica"), Eleutherococcus, Bitter Guts Grass, Chopping Snake Sword, Cone Bearded Herb ("Guangzhou Force" Handbook of Commonly Used Chinese Herbal Medicine), Day Walking a Thousand Miles, Four Directions Lotus, Golden Fragrant Grass, Golden Ear Hook, Spring Lotus and Summer Willow, Indian Grass ("Guangdong Traditional Chinese Herbs"), Bitter Grass ("Fujian Traditional Chinese Herbs")
Source:
The dried above-ground part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees, family Jurassicaceae. It is harvested in early fall when the stem and leaves are in full bloom and dried in the sun.
Phytomorphology
Annual herb, 50-100cm high, the whole plant has a very bitter taste. Stem erect, multi-branched, quadrangular, nodes slightly expanded. Leaves opposite, ovate-square to square-lanceolate, 2-11cm long, 0.5-2.5cm wide, apex acuminate, base cuneate, entire or shallowly undulate, dark green above, gray-green below, lateral veins 3-4 pairs; petiole short or nearly sessile. Panicles terminal or axillary; calyx 5-parted, externally glandular hairy; corolla light purple-white, labiate, upper lip recurved, 2-toothed, lower lip erect, 3-lobed, 2 stamens, one large and one small anther locule, larger bearded, filamentous side pilose; ovary 2-locular. Capsule long ellipsoid, about 1.5cm, both sides are compressed, the center with a longitudinal groove. Flowering in August to September, fruiting in October.
Born in hot and humid plains and hilly areas. Mainly produced in Guangdong, Fujian. Now all over the Yangtze River North and South are introduced into cultivation.
Origin
Born in hot and humid plains, hilly areas. Mainly produced in Guangdong, Fujian. Now it is introduced and cultivated all over the north and south of the Yangtze River.
Method
Remove impurities, wash, cut and dry.
The flavor is bitter and cold in nature. Attributes to the heart, lung, large intestine and bladder meridians.
Effects Clearing heat and removing toxins, cooling the blood, subduing swelling and drying dampness.
[Indications] Colds and fever, sore throat, mouth and tongue sores, coughing and coughing, diarrhea and dysentery, hot showers and astringent pain, carbuncle, swollen sores, venomous snake bites.
Usage and dosage: Internal: decoction, 9-15 grams, single large doses can be 30-60 grams, powder, 0,6-3 grams per time, into capsules swallowed or served with water. External use: appropriate amount, pounded or made into soft capsules coated with the affected area, or decoction drops in the eyes and ears.
Compatibility: with mint, chrysanthemum, platycodon, clearing throat; with gypsum, motherwort, honeysuckle, forsythia, clearing lungs and removing fire and toxins; with Radix et Rhizoma Shengdi, Dampi, Da Qing Ye, cooling blood, removing toxins and eliminating swellings.
Prescription: Andrographis paniculata, Yixianxi
Trade name: Andrographis paniculata, with a strong plant, with flowers, no soil is preferred.
Animal and Plant Resources Distribution: Cultivated in warm areas south of the Yangtze River. Tropical and subtropical parts of the wild.
Harvesting and storage of herbs: summer harvest. The first time the herb is harvested, it is harvested in the summer.
Taste and odor "Quanzhou Materia Medica": "Bitter taste, cold nature, non-toxic."
Attribution "Quanzhou Materia Medica": "Into the heart, lung two meridians."
Content Determination
Take 0.5g of the powder of this product [at the same time another powder of this product to determine the moisture (Appendix IX H first method)], weighing precision, add 30ml of ethanol, soak for 30 minutes, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, the residue with the appropriate amount of ethanol washed three times, washings were combined with the filtrate, evaporation, the residue add anhydrous ethanol to make the solubility, transferred to a 5ml measuring flask, add anhydrous ethanol to the scale, add Anhydrous ethanol to the scale, shake well, as a test solution. Also take the appropriate amount of dehydrated andrographolide, andrographolide control, precision weighing, add anhydrous ethanol were made into 1ml each containing 1mg of solution, as a control solution. According to thin-layer chromatography (Appendix VI B), suck 2~4 μl of the test solution, 1 μl and 3 μl of the above two kinds of control solution, cross-pointed on the same sodium carboxymethylcellulose as binder silica gel GF254 thin-layer plate, with chloroform-ethyl acetate-methanol (4:3:0.4) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, removing, drying, according to the thin-layer chromatography (Appendix VI B). Scanning according to thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B thin layer scanning method), dehydration andrographolide wavelength: λs = 263nm, λR = 370nm, andrographolide wavelength: λs = 228nm, λR = 370nm Measurement of the absorbance integral value of the test product and the control absorbance integral value, calculation, that is, obtained.
According to the dry product calculation, the total amount of dehydrated andrographolide (C20H28O4) and andrographolide (C20H30O5) shall not be less than 0.80%
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine
Leaves containing diterpene lactone compounds: Andrographolide A, that is, Deoxyandrographolide 0.1%, and Andrographisin B, that is, Deoxyandrographolide 0.5%, and Andrographolide B, that is, Deoxyandrographolide 0.5%, and Andrographisin A, that is, Deoxyandrographolide 0.5%. Andrographolide (Deoxyandrographolide) 0.1% or more, andrographolide ethyl acetate (Andrographolide) l.5% or more, andrographolide propyl acetate that is Neoandrographolide (Neoandrographolide) 0.2% or more; and high andrographolide (HomoandrograPholide), Panicolide (Panicolide). It also contains Andrographan, Andrographon, Andrographosterin, β-sitosterol-D-glucoside and so on. In addition to Andrographolide, the root also contains 5-hydroxy-7,8,2",3"-tetramethoxyflavone (Mono-o-methylwithtin), 5-hydroxy-7,8,2"-trimethoxyflavone (Andrographin), 5,2"-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxyflavone (Panicolin), Apigenin-7,4"-dimethyl ether (Apigenin), and other substances. Apigenin-7,4"-dimethyl ether, a1-sitosterol and KH2PO4. The whole herb also contains l4-Deoxy-11-oxoandrographolide vinegar (14-Deoxy-ll-oxoandrographolide), 14-Deoxy-11, 12-didehydroandrographolide (14-Deoxy-ll, 12-didehydroandrographolide). According to preliminary analysis, it also contains sterol saponins, sugars and condensed tannins and other phenolic substances. Also from the leaves, shoots, embryonic axes, roots and germ obtained from the guaiac tissue, cultured and isolated, three sesquiterpene lactone compounds: eleuthero lactones A, B and C (Pa-niculides A, B, C).
Pharmacological effects
①Antibacterial effects
Andrographolide contained in Andrographis paniculata is clinically better than Chloramphenicol and Dysentery for bacterial dysentery, and has no side effects and toxicity. In vitro tests, Andrographis paniculata decoction and crude crystals isolated from it, are on some types of leptospirosis inhibition or killing effect, decoction of pneumococcus, Streptococcus a and Cattacoccus has a certain inhibitory effect.
② antiviral effect
Andrographis paniculata decoction has delayed the degeneration of human embryonic kidney cells caused by the orphan virus ECHO11.
③ Other effects
Decoction and aqueous extract (decoction with alcohol to remove the precipitate) on the isolated rabbit heart has no significant effect, the aqueous extract in the rat hind limb vascular perfusion test there is a significant vasodilatation effect, anesthetized dogs injected intravenously with 0.1 g of the above two preparations of raw medicine / kg, there is no significant effect on blood pressure, on the isolated guinea pig ileum, rat uterus has no significant effect, decoction has an inhibitory effect on the isolated rabbit duodenum, and the decoction has an inhibitory effect on the isolated rabbit duodenum, and there is no significant effect on the isolated rabbit uterus. isolated rabbit duodenum had an inhibitory effect, the aqueous extract did not.