Peach trees belong to small deciduous trees of Prunus in Rosaceae. Flowers are solitary, pink, flowering from March to April, and the first leaves are open. Fruit ripens from June to September. Peach tree has strong adaptability to life, simple cultivation, dark reddish brown bark and scaly skin, which looks pale, simple and vigorous. Peach tree is one of the eighteen bachelors of bonsai, which has been made into potted plants for a long time. It is a high-quality potted tree species for observing flowers and fruits.
Peach making bonsai should pay attention to the following aspects:
First, the first is variety selection. Peach trees can be divided into nectarine, flat peach, Shouxing peach, etc. Now they are generally nectarine and flat peach as cash crops, and as bonsai, the best variety should be Shouxing peach. Shouxing peach is one of the most suitable varieties for potted plants, with short plants, height of 30- 100 cm, extremely short internodes, dense flower buds and double flowers, including red, pink, white and compound colors. If several kinds are grafted together, they will be colorful and gorgeous when they bloom.
Second, the choice of flower pots. Peach has a strong germination ability. Generally, one-year-old seedlings are put in pots and bloom that year. You can watch the results in the second year. The matching basin can be a plain pouring basin, a purple sand basin or a wooden basin. Pot soil should be mixed with loose and breathable humus soil and garden soil. Check whether the bottom of the flowerpot is unobstructed before putting the pot, and then cover the hole with the convex surface of the broken pot piece to avoid soil leakage or blockage. When planting, the roots should be stretched and closely connected with the soil. The planting depth should just cover the original soil surface of the seedlings, and the interface should be exposed. The pot soil should be filled to 80% soil to facilitate watering, and it should be watered after the pot is placed.
Third, peach tree modeling. Tree types should be based on strangeness, novelty, beauty and generosity, with exposed roots, dense branches and compact plant shapes. There are three general tree types:
Straight-dry type: the trunk is single-dry, tall and straight, with distinct layers, evenly distributed fruits and a sense of standing tall.
Curly-dry type: The trunk of the tree bends upward in a zigzag shape, mostly in two layers, and looks like a Youlong.
Inclined dry type: the trunk is inclined, generally slightly curved, and the crown is tilted to one side and outside the basin, which is interesting.
Fourth, plastic trimming. Plastic pruning, including winter pruning, summer pruning and thinning flowers and fruits. The main purpose of pruning in winter is to maintain the tree shape, prevent excessive spread and excessive development, and determine the fruiting branches, and the pruning amount often reaches more than half. Commonly used techniques are contraction, thinning and cutting. The purpose of summer pruning is to prevent overgrowth and promote flower bud differentiation. Common methods include sprouting (erasing one of competing shoots, latent shoots and double shoots sprouting at a node), coring (suitable for flourishing branches of flourishing trees, which can be carried out many times depending on their growth), cutting branches and twisting tips (suitable for vigorous upright branches), ring cutting and root pruning. Thinning flowers and fruits is mainly aimed at over-dense flowers and fruits. Potted peaches have a large amount of flowers. If the flowers and fruits are not thinned, the nutrition consumption will be too large, the tree potential will be weakened, and the flowers and fruits will fall, or even there will be no fruit.
V. Maintenance management.
1, illumination. Peach tree is a light-loving tree species. When the light is insufficient, it is easy to cause the branches and leaves to grow in vain, the quality of flower buds is poor, and the flowers and fruits are heavy. Therefore, peach bonsai should be placed in a place with sufficient light. It is best to raise the basin slightly to avoid water accumulation in the basin and root rot.
2. water. Peach trees need a lot of water in the growing season, so it is necessary to supply enough water under the condition of ensuring that there is no water in the basin. In the middle and late July, the potted peach should be subjected to drought treatment to promote flower bud differentiation. The method is to control watering until the branches wilt, and then water them for 7-15 days.
3. Fertilize. The amount of fertilization should depend on the growth of potted peaches. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled for potted peaches with no or few fruits, and it should be added to the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for trees with weak growth. Topdressing1-2 times should be applied before flowering, and the amount of potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer should be increased in fruit period.
4. Protecting Flowers and Fruits In order to reduce the falling flowers and fruits of potted peaches, attention should be paid to pollination and thinning flowers and fruits. Borax can be sprayed at flowering stage. Spraying NAA at fruit stage can improve fruit setting rate.
5, pest control mainly pay attention to the prevention and control of peach perforation, aphids, peach small solid worms and pear small fruit borers.
Peach tree is a light-loving tree with strong branches and fast growth. If it is poorly managed, it is easy to grow in vain, which will affect the light, cause dead branches to be empty, and the result will move out, resulting in premature senescence of the tree and reducing the ornamental value. Therefore, it is very important to take measures related to pruning, especially summer pruning.
Peach bonsai trees are short, with vigorous branches and twists and turns; Colorful, charming and attractive; Fruits are different in shape, bright red in color, emitting wisps of fragrance and intoxicating. Peach bonsai symbolizes "longevity and auspiciousness". If you can put a pot of flat peach bonsai full of fruitful results at the birthday party to bless your relatives and friends, it will not only add a festive atmosphere to your birthday, but also have another life interest. It can also be placed in squares, parks and other places in combination with other fruit tree bonsai, which can not only beautify the environment, but also add a beautiful scenery to festive festivals. It can also be placed on balconies, bedrooms and meeting places to beautify life and cultivate sentiment.