Pinyin name d m: pò w m: n hu ā hu ā.
Alias Hubei autumn peony, big head Weng, mountain cotton, autumn peony and wild cotton.
Source: the root or whole grass of Ranunculaceae is broken.
Harvest and storage: cultivate for 2-3 years, dig roots before flowering in June-August, remove stems and leaves, fibrous roots and soil, and dry in the sun. Cut the stems and leaves into sections, dry them in the sun or use them fresh.
Habitat distribution ecological environment: born in low mountains, hills, grassy slopes or ditches at an altitude of 400-1800 m.
Distribution of resources: distributed in southwestern Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, western Hubei, northern Guangdong, northwestern Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and eastern Yunnan.
Character 1. Character identification showed that the length of the whole grass could reach1m. The root is cylindrical, straight or curved, with a diameter of 0.5-2cm and a length of 5-15 cm; The surface is grayish brown; Hard and not easy to break. The root head has 1 to several stem bases, and the basal leaves are trifoliolate or simple, with a length of10-40 cm; The leaflets are ovate or narrowly ovate, 4- 12cm long and 2.5- 12cm wide. The stem is slender, 40-80cm long, thicker at the lower part and about 4 mm in diameter; Surface densely pubescent. Cauline leaves are mostly simple leaves; There are at least three compound leaves, 4-8cm long and 1-8cm wide. The upper surface is dark green and the lower surface is grayish green. They are all fluff with serrated edges. Cymes are terminal, branched twice or three times, or become single flowers.
2. Microscopic identification of leaf surface: the upper epidermis has flat cell wall and few stomata; The cell wall of the lower epidermis is slightly curved, and the stomata are dense and amorphous; Both the upper and lower epidermal cells have many unicellular non-glandular hairs, which are hard and straight, with sharp tips, 200-280μm long and 20μm wide at the base. They also have unicellular glandular hairs with blunt tips and slightly narrow bases, about 80μm long and 20μm wide. Most of the veins on the lower surface are clustered with single-celled hairy mushrooms with thin and soft walls, which are over 400μm long and 20μm wide.
3. Cross section of the stem: 1 rows of epidermal cells, 4-5 rows of cortical cells, round or square, and the stele sheath fibers are connected into a ring. Collateral vascular bundle is arranged in two rounds, and the outer wheels are smaller, 20-25, surrounded by fiber bundles, and the outer side is connected with outer sheath fibers; The vascular bundles of the inner wheel are slightly larger, 6-8, and there are also fiber bundles around them. The pulp is very large.
4. Cross section of root: 5-6 rows of cells in epigenetic cortex, 5-6 rows of cells in cortex 1-2 rows of cells, thin-walled inner cortex, lignified Kjeldahl zone. Fiber bundles are scattered in the phloem, and some fiber bundles surround the sieve tube group. Xylem is Xie-shaped, with different lengths, and consists of vessels, fibers and parenchyma cells.
The chemical constituents of roots and whole grass include anemonin, triterpenoid oleanolic acid -3-O-β-D- pyranose -( 1→3)-α-L- pyranose -( 1→3)-α-L- pyranose and oleanolic acid.
Pharmacological action Fresh squeezed juice can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by punching holes in the plate.
Physical and chemical identification (1) Take the water extract of this product powder and shake it violently in a test tube 1min, resulting in a lot of foam. After standing for 10 minute, the foam did not disappear obviously; In addition, two test tubes were taken, 2ml of 5% hydrochloric acid was added to each tube, and the foam in the two test tubes was shaken for 65438±0min, and the situation of foam persistence was similar. (Look up triterpenoid saponins) (2) Take the methanol extract 1ml of this product, evaporate the methanol, add 1ml acetic anhydride, and slowly drop 2ml concentrated sulfuric acid along the pipe wall, and a red circle appears at the junction of the two liquids. (3) Take the water distillate of this product and extract it with chloroform. Take a small amount of chloroform extract, evaporate, then add 2% ethanol solution of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and 50% ethanol solution of 1mol/L sodium hydroxide, and the solution will be purple. (check anemonin)