Cultivation method of Lentinus edodes Cultivation method of Lentinus edodes: preparation of strain culture medium
At present, most mushroom farmers buy mother seeds from strain manufacturers, and then produce original seeds and cultivated seeds themselves. The preparation method of culture medium of original seed and cultivated seed is the same, but there are many kinds and formulas of culture medium. The following are just a few commonly used:
1. The formula of grain (wheat and corn) culture medium is 50 kg of grain and 0.5 kg of gypsum. First, clean the grain with clear water and soak it for about 12 hours to make it fully absorb water. After soaking the grains, put them in a pot and cook them until they are cooked but not rotten. After taking out the water, mix the gypsum powder with the granules. This kind of culture medium is suitable for the original seed culture medium.
2. The formula of sawdust culture medium is 78% hardwood sawdust and 20% wheat bran or rice bran. Sugar 1%, gypsum 1%. The production method is to select sawdust to remove wood blocks and bark, first stir sawdust, wheat bran and gypsum evenly, and then mix them with melted sugar water. When the prepared culture medium is grasped by hand, it is advisable for water to overflow from fingers without dripping (water content is about 60%). This culture medium is suitable for the production of original seeds and cultivated seeds.
After the above culture medium is prepared, it can be bottled (500 ml cans or wine bottles) and filled to the bottle shoulder. If the sawdust culture medium needs the culture material to be tightly loose in the bottle, a hole with a diameter of about 1.5 cm should be pierced in the middle of the bottle, which will go straight to the bottom of the bottle, increase oxygen and facilitate the hyphae to spread. Wipe the inside and outside of the bottle mouth. Canned bottles are sterilized with polyethylene film at normal pressure or sealed with polypropylene film. This bottle can be sealed with a cotton plug.
The yield of seed production by bottle is high, but the bottle is fragile and expensive, so it is difficult to produce and transport on a large scale. In recent years, more and more mushroom farmers use plastic bags to make cultivated seeds, which has the advantages of convenient carrying and low price. There are two kinds of plastic bags: polyethylene bags and polypropylene bags. Polyethylene bags can only be sterilized under normal pressure, while polypropylene bags can be sterilized under normal pressure and high pressure. What is the specification of plastic bag 17? 30? 0.005 cm is more suitable.
Cultivation method of Lentinus edodes: sterilization of strain culture medium
Sterilization of culture medium is the key to the success or failure of strain production. There are a large number of microorganisms in the unsterilized culture medium, which often leads to bacterial pollution and losses to production. At present, the common sterilization method for mushroom farmers is atmospheric steam sterilization.
The atmospheric sterilization furnace for atmospheric steam sterilization is brick, and the iron pot with the diameter of 1 10 cm and the brick height of 100 cm is selected. Cylinders with a diameter of 120 cm should be smooth and coated with cement inside and outside. After the culture medium is put into the sterilization pot, cover the pot mouth with a thick plastic film and a sack and tie it tightly with a rope. Then use a big fire to boil the pot in the shortest time. When the plastic film expands into steamed bread, it means that the pot has been boiled. Sterilization starts from this time and lasts for 8 ~ 10 hour to ensure thorough sterilization. Some mushroom farmers are often careless in sterilization, which leads to the failure of seed production due to the serious pollution of miscellaneous bacteria. What should be done in atmospheric sterilization operation? Three defenses? First, we should prevent the temperature from dropping halfway. No ceasefire is allowed during sterilization. If the temperature in the pot does not reach 100℃, sterilization cannot be achieved within the specified time. Second, we should prevent the pot from burning dry. Before disinfection, the pot should be filled with enough water. When sterilizing, if the water in the pot is insufficient, water should be injected from the water injection port in time. Third, it is necessary to prevent the existence of sterilization dead angles, such as uneven fire level at the bottom of the pot and air leakage at the top of the pot only from one end.
Cultivation methods of Lentinus edodes: inoculation and culture.
The sterilized culture medium can be inoculated, and inoculation is to transplant strains to the culture medium. Operators engaged in inoculation must establish a strict aseptic concept, so that operators and inoculation tools are in a strict aseptic state. Therefore, the inoculation tools must be strictly disinfected, the operating environment should be thoroughly disinfected, the hands and clothes of the operators should be disinfected, and the aseptic operation procedures should be strictly observed. Inoculation should be carried out in the inoculation box or inoculation room.
During inoculation, the impurities in the inoculation box or inoculation room should be cleaned first, and then sprayed with 2% Lysol for disinfection. The medium to be inoculated. Put the used strains and tools into the workbench of the inoculation box or the inoculation room, and fumigate the inoculation box and the inoculation room with formalin and potassium permanganate for at least half an hour. The dosage is 5g potassium permanganate per cubic meter of space, 10ml formaldehyde. Before inoculation, wipe the surface of hand, mother seed test tube or original seed bottle with 75% alcohol cotton, and then light the alcohol lamp to operate. After inoculation, put out the alcohol lamp and move the inoculated bottle or bag to the culture room for culture. Generally, one mother seed can breed 4-5 bottles of original seed, and one bottle of original seed can breed 40-50 bottles or 15-20 bags of cultivated seed.
The nutritional value of Lentinus edodes is 1. Improving immune function: lentinan can improve the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages in mice, promote the production of T lymphocytes and improve the killing activity of T lymphocytes;
2. Anti-aging: the water extract of Lentinus edodes has scavenging effect on hydrogen peroxide, and has certain scavenging effect on hydrogen peroxide in the body;
3. Anti-cancer and anti-cancer: The mushroom cap part contains double-stranded RNA, which will produce interferon with anti-cancer effect after entering the human body;
4. Lowering blood pressure, blood lipid and cholesterol: Lentinus edodes contains purine, choline, tyrosine, oxidase and some nucleic acid substances, which can lower blood pressure, cholesterol and blood lipid and prevent diseases such as arteriosclerosis and cirrhosis.
The dietary taboo of mushrooms should not be eaten with quail meat, otherwise it may cause vasospasm in human body.
Lentinus edodes is a dynamic food, which is not suitable for patients with intractable itching. It is not suitable for people with spleen and stomach cold, dampness and qi stagnation or itchy skin.
How to choose mushrooms and dried mushrooms? Face? . Compared with fresh mushrooms, the selection of dried mushrooms needs to be more careful. Dry mushrooms can be divided into flower mushrooms, coarse mushrooms, fine mushrooms and diced mushrooms in appearance. What should I look at when choosing? Face? , that is, mushroom cap.
Lentinus edodes has the best nutrition, dense tissue, rich flavor and smooth taste. White and tender mushroom meat is exposed in the gap? White mushrooms? Is one of the best. It should be noted that the patterns on the mushroom cover should be natural, large and small, deep and shallow. Otherwise, it is likely that ordinary mushrooms have been artificially cut.
Thin mushrooms, thin meat, buy less umbrellas and less damage.
Pleurotus ostreatus has dense meat, smooth taste and rich flavor. Thick mushrooms? Face collapse? The meat is thick, the mushroom cover has no pattern, and it is chestnut and slightly shiny. The best products are flat buns with a size of 4~6 cm or rolled on the side with small wrinkles.
Although the diced mushrooms are small, the quality is not bad at all, and they are the most economical. What is the selection principle of diced mushrooms? Tender? . How can dried mushrooms be tender? Turn the diced dried mushrooms upside down. If you can't see the wrinkles, it is tender.
Choose fresh mushrooms to see the whole body. When choosing fresh mushrooms, you must choose both the cap and the stem. High-quality fresh mushrooms should be round, with the cap rolled down, the meat white and neat, clean and dry, and the cap 3~6 cm. The stipe is short and thick, fresh and tender, and the size is even. If the surface of the mushroom lid is dark and sticky, and the mushroom pleats have brown spots, it is not suitable for eating.
Finally, fresh mushrooms should be stored in low temperature ventilation, preferably for no more than 3 days. Dried mushrooms should be sealed and kept in a cool place, paying attention to moisture.
Mushroom recipes suitable for pregnant women Fried mushrooms and cabbage with winter bamboo shoots.
Ingredients: Chinese cabbage, dried mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots, salt, chicken essence, etc.
Practice: 1. Wash the cabbage with clear water and cut into long sections. Soak mushrooms in warm water, cut the roots into small pieces, peel the winter bamboo shoots, wash them and cut them into thin slices.
2. Put the wok on the fire, heat it with cooking oil, then stir-fry the cabbage for a while, add appropriate amount of water, add mushrooms and bamboo shoots, cover and cook for a while.
3. After the water in the pot is boiled, add salt, chicken essence and other seasonings, simmer for a while and it will be cooked and ready to eat.
Braised tofu with mushrooms
Ingredients: tofu, water-soaked mushrooms, soy sauce, water starch, salt, cooking wine, sugar, pepper, etc.
Practice: 1, cut tofu into long strips, wash mushrooms and remove roots.
2. Add cooking oil to the pot, heat the pot, add tofu blocks, and fry until golden brown.
3, add a small amount of cooking wine, pour in the mushrooms and stir fry quickly, then add sugar, soy sauce, pepper and a little water, and you can collect the juice when the fire is almost over.
4, thicken with starch, and then stir fry a few times.
Black chicken and mushroom soup
Ingredients: about a catty of black-bone chicken, dried mushrooms, green onions, ginger slices, cooking wine, salt and so on.
Practice: 1. Slaughter black-bone chicken, remove hair, viscera and claws, wash with clear water, wash mushrooms after soaking, add water to casserole, add ginger slices to boil, and then add black-bone chicken.
2. Add cooking wine, green onions and mushrooms to simmer until cooked, add seasonings such as salt, and cook for 3 minutes.
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