Mustard gas, like sarin, is a super killer in chemical weapons. Compared with the notorious sarin poison, mustard gas has the characteristics of large storage and the most serious harm. In World War I, the participating countries produced mustard gas 1.35 million tons, of which1.20 million tons was used in actual combat. The most famous injury case was that Adolf Hitler, then the squad leader of Bavaria infantry, was poisoned by mustard gas shells from the British army, and his eyes were once blind.
During World War II, the Japanese army secretly stationed two biochemical troops in Northeast China, namely 73 1 and 5 16. 73 1 Army focused on the research of biological weapons, and 5 16 Army focused on the research of toxic gas, but almost all of its toxic gas tests were completed in 73 1. There are indications that the gas tank wounding incident of Japanese army in Qiqihar is closely related to these two demon armies. 1 1 day, Wang Peng, director of the 73 1 criminal evidence exhibition hall of the Japanese invaders, was interviewed by reporters on the Japanese poisonous gas human experiment. At the same time, the chemical defense professionals stationed in a certain department of Kazakhstan introduced the development history of mustard gas weapons.
Mustard gas is a slightly sweet colorless oily liquid in pure liquid state, but industrial products are yellow or dark brown with mustard flavor. 1822, mustard gas was discovered by Deszan. 1886, Meyer of Germany successfully synthesized mustard gas for the first time, and the synthetic method he invented is still one of the most important synthetic methods of mustard gas. Mustard gas can make the skin red, swollen, blistering and festering. Under normal climatic conditions, only 0.2 mg/L can poison people. Before the nerve agent appeared, it was called "poison king".
"Japanese poison gas research began in the early 1920s, and the Japanese Navy was responsible for the research. At the beginning of World War II, a base for producing chemical weapons was established in Oshima, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. " 73 1 Introduction by Wang Peng, curator of the crime evidence exhibition hall. At that time, in order to facilitate the test, the Japanese Institute of Biological and Chemical Weapons was located in the northeast. 1937, the kwantung army technical department stationed in Qiqihar established the chemical weapons department. 1939 In August, the Chemical Department of Kwantung Army was established, namely the 5 16 Army (also known as Qiqihar Research Institute). The unit is limited to 250 people and is located one kilometer east of Qiqihar Railway Station. Wang Peng said that on cloudy days and rainy days, there was still a slight poisonous smell in the local area, which was caused by the dumping of raw materials and venom by the Japanese army.
5 16 troops have four courses, which are respectively responsible for the investigation and detection of poisons, the synthesis of poisons, and the research, protection and treatment of chemical agents. The Ministry cooperated with the Third Mortar Regiment of the Japanese Kwantung Army to conduct large-scale chemical weapons tests, making it the most important chemical weapons test base in Japan. A Japanese prisoner said that the Ministry had conducted many experiments on the distribution of mustard agent and the effectiveness of hydrocyanic acid devices and bombs in Mudanjiang and Hailar in northeast China.
"However, 5 16 troops were unable to conduct in vivo experiments, and some of their experiments had to be entrusted to 73 1." According to the disclosed facts, the two devil forces cooperated with each other and conducted more than 50 human poison gas tests.
"Unit 73 1 located in Harbin bungalow has a special air chamber, which is prepared for the live test of Unit 5 16." Wang Peng said. 73 1 Army has a notorious Yoshimura class, which conducts frostbite tests. Although people's hands and feet will rot after frostbite, they will not die immediately. At this time, people lost the value of doing biological experiments, so they were sent to the gas chamber. Therefore, the 5 16 troops have the closest connection with the Yoshimura class.
"The poison gas test is the most cruel in the 73 1 unit, because the victims often suffer cruel torture and have to undergo a second test on their deathbed. Even the Japanese military doctors who participated in the experiment felt chilling at the time. " According to Director Wang, in the book "The Feast of the Devil" written by a Japanese writer, Japanese military officers disclosed an experimental scene: a Soviet mother and daughter were sent to the gas chamber, and Japanese researchers held a stopwatch through a glass curtain wall. After the poison gas injection, the mother pressed her daughter with her body, but to no avail, and her daughter also had a strong poisoning reaction. After a period of painful struggle, mother and daughter died one after another. Treated mustard gas.
It is understood that in order to deal with emergencies, anti-chemical troops have been stationed in Harbin and Qiqihar. Wang, who is stationed in a chemical defense unit in Kazakhstan, believes that from the point of view of the degree of harm, the poison gas tank left by the Japanese army in Qi City not only contains mustard gas, but also contains more powerful mustard mixed poison.
According to reports, mustard gas is an aggressive poison, which can directly damage tissues and cells, cause local inflammation, and lead to systemic poisoning after absorption. Militarily, it is used to fill shells, bombs, rockets, mines, aerial sprinklers or ground sprinklers. In foreign military chemical munitions, there are single mustard gas, mixed mustard gas and lewisite, as well as colloidal mustard gas and lewisite with adhesive. A large number of foreign military reserves and the use of the Iran-Iraq war show that it is very likely to be used in future wars, and its importance is second only to nerve agents.
In the late World War I, Germany first used mustard gas, which led the warring sides to follow suit. According to statistics, the number of casualties caused by poisonous gas in World War I reached 6.5438+0.3 million, of which 88.9% was caused by mustard gas poisoning. In the subsequent Iran-Iraq war, the performance of mustard gas once again proved that it is still the most effective poison in modern wars. However, the most serious mustard gas injury in history occurred in the Italian port of Bari. German plane crashed into an American transport ship parked here, which secretly stored 100 tons of mustard gas. After the toxic gas leaked, it mixed with oil to pollute the sea surface, and the toxic fog enveloped the city, causing nearly 2,000 citizens who did not know the truth to die. Later generations called this event "the most tragic big experiment" in the early stage of mustard weapon development. After the tragedy, the remains of 40 typical victims, including the 12 ethnic group, were transported away by the military for research.
In real life, Wang has dealt with mustard agent. Because of his work, he entered the PLA Chemical Defense Command Engineering College twice for further study. During the research, they conducted mustard gas experiments. He told reporters that mustard gas is not terrible and has certain protection knowledge. Mustard poison is characterized by high boiling point and high specific gravity. "Its freezing point is 14.43℃. If the temperature is low in winter, mustard gas is hard to hurt people. "
Therefore, Wang believes that Louis is likely to be mixed in the Japanese gas tank. "The mixture of these two toxic gases increases volatility and is more toxic."
According to reports, the poisoning mechanism of mustard gas has been studied for a long time, but it has not been fully clarified so far. The latest view is that its combination with human biological macromolecules, especially its alkylation of DNA, is the biological basis for causing large-scale damage to the body, and its toxicological properties are similar to those of anticancer chemotherapy drugs. A chemotherapy drug currently used is its derivative.
According to Wang, in the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army used mustard gas on a large scale in the battlefields of Songhu and Xuzhou, resulting in the death of nearly 10,000 soldiers and civilians in China. Because of its great power, it was designated as "Yellow No.1" within the Japanese army.