Roughly speaking, fare=base price*billable mileage, but the actual standard and calculation method of high-speed rail ticket charges need to consider the following seven points:
I. Base price
Base price is determined by the line and the vehicle class (operating speed)*** with the same, cited here high-speed rail vs. Price problem? - China Railway My answer:
If the maximum permissible operating speed of the vehicle body is greater than or equal to the maximum operating speed of the line, the base price is calculated on the basis of the line speed;
If the maximum permissible operating speed of the vehicle body is less than the maximum operating speed of the line, the base price is calculated on the basis of the underfloor speed;
At 200km/h, the base price of the first class seat is about 0.37 Yuan/km for the first class and 0.30 Yuan/km for the second class;
At 300km/h, the base fare for the first class is about 0.74 Yuan/km and 0.46 Yuan/km for the second class;
If the line class is less than 200km/h, the base fare is generally calculated based on 200km/h.
If the line class is 300km/h (such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou high-speed rail), G car running 300km/h, the second class seat is charged at 0.46 yuan / kilometer, D car running 200km/h, the second class seat is charged at 0.30 yuan / kilometer. If the line grade is 200km / h (such as Hangzhou Fuzhou deep passenger dedicated line south of Ningbo East), G car D car are running 200km / h speed, second-class seat are charged at 0.30 yuan / km.
Example:
G131, Jinan West - Qufu East area, the whole 300km/h standard charge, mileage 129 kilometers, the calculation of the fare should be 0.46 * 129, about 59 yuan, the actual fare 59.5 yuan;
D257, Jinan West - Qufu East area, the whole 200km/h standard charge, mileage 129 kilometers, the calculation of the fare should be 0.46 * 129, about 59 yuan;
D257, Jinan West - Qufu East area, the whole 200km/h standard charge, mileage 129 kilometers.
D257, between Jinan West and Qufu East, the whole journey is charged according to the 200km/h standard, the mileage is 129km, the calculated fare should be 0.30*129, about 39 yuan, the actual fare is 39.5 yuan;
G326, between Xiamen North and Quanzhou, the line class is 200km/h, although it is a G train, but the whole journey is charged according to the 200km/h standard, the mileage is 71km, the calculated fare should be 0.30*71, about 21 yuan, the actual fare is 20.5 yuan; the D train in the same interval is charged according to the standard. The actual fare is $20.5, and the D train in the same zone is the same price as the G train, because the line is of the same class and the speed is the same.
The above is the definition of base fare.
Two, mileage
Mileage refers to the line fare mileage, need to point out in particular that the fare mileage is not necessarily equal to the actual length of the line, but the railroad internal use of a mileage table to check the table, and sometimes the mileage table is not equal to the actual number of miles.
When the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway was opened, the mileage of the high-speed railway was once calculated according to the mileage of the old stations of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, but the actual mileage of the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway was shorter than the mileage between the old stations of the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway, so it was actually overcharged, and the problem has been corrected later.
Even the railroad odometer will have some virtual mileage, for example, once some cars were priced by Wujin line, but this line doesn't actually exist, it this is for the sake of convenient calculation of the Beijing-Tianjin Intercity + Liaison Line + Beijing-Shanghai Line spliced together, but the mileage is particularly long, resulting in a small number of Beijing-Tianjin Intercity cars at that time the fare is more than 2 times of the other cars' fare, and then later on finally corrected these wrong fares.
All mileage figures are now based on the Passenger Fare Mileage Table published by the railroad.
Three, Sections
When a trip crosses different routes, it may run at different speeds, at which time the fare is generally the sum of the sectional fares of the two routes, with the fares for the different sections calculated separately.
For example, the G 326 mentioned earlier, the whole journey is Xiamen North - Beijing South, of which the Xiamen North - Fuzhou area calculated at 200km/h base price, Fuzhou - Beijing South (take the Hefei - Beijing-Shanghai Expressway) calculated at 300km/h base price, the whole journey fare is 71.5 + 719 = 790.5 yuan.
Similarly, there is also the Beijing South - Qingdao G car, Beijing South - Jinan interval to 0.46, Jinan - Qingdao interval to 0.30.
Discounts
Train tickets are discounted, see here for my answer: why do airplane fares fluctuate all the time, while train fares can't go up or down with demand? - Rail trains, and I've bought many of them myself, have discounted tickets all year round including D/G cars between Beijing and Harbin, Shanghai-Nanjing Intercity, etc. The discounts are based on the price of the train ticket, which is the same as the price of the airplane ticket. The exact percentage of discount depends on the location, and is not particularly standardized.
Discounts are not the same concept as decreasing distance, and there is no "discount" on decreasing distance tickets.
Fifth, up
There are discounts, there are up, I understand that the most up is the Guangzhou Railway Group, Guangzhou-Shenzhen interval fare is much higher than other places with the same speed and distance. Even if there are other crossings passing through this section, the fares for this section may go up, which can be interpreted as an extra toll, and some of the general-purpose trains are not immune.
That's why the Guangzhou Railway is also known as the Railway Robber.
The rest of the lines other than the Guangzhou Railway rarely see fare increases.
Sixth, decreasing in distance
If the mileage is very long, then the base price of the fare will decrease as the distance increases.
Taking the G65 Beijing - Guangzhou as an example, the entire route is 300km/h:
Beijing West - Shijiazhuang, 128.5 yuan, 281 kilometers, 0.46 yuan / kilometer
Beijing West - Zhengzhou East, 309 yuan, 693 kilometers, 0.45 yuan / kilometer
Beijing West - Wuhan, 520.5 yuan, 1229 kilometers, 0.42 yuan / kilometer
Beijing West - Wuhan, 520.5 yuan. 1229km, 0.42 yuan/km
West Beijing - Changsha South, 649 yuan, 1591km, 0.41 yuan/km
West Beijing - Guangzhou South, 862 yuan, 2298km, 0.38 yuan/km
But not all trips on all routes follow this principle, for example, the D636 from Shanghai Hongqiao - Chengdu East doesn't
To Nanjing South, 95.5/311 => 0.307
To Hefei South, 156.5/468 => 0.334
To Hankou, 262/827 => 0.317
To Yichang East, 347.5/1119 =>. 0.311
To Chongqing North, 509.5/1672 => 0.304
To Chengdu East, 606/1985 => 0.305
The only thing that I can conclude so far is that most of the G trains are priced on a diminishing scale, and most of the D trains are not. But it's best to look at the official fares for details.
VII. Other Fees
Other fees include the Passenger Ticket Development Fund (known as the Paper Fee in some places) and other fees, which are usually around one dollar.
Expanded Information
About High-speed Rail Pricing:
The NDRC has given the General Administration of Railways (GAR) the independent pricing right for high-speed railways, but there is still a monitoring mechanism for it, and raising the fares is subject to control. Moreover, the high-speed rail fare fluctuation can not simply look at the "up". Railroad enterprises are gradually docking with the market, and they will certainly cater to the market and consider people's satisfaction in fare setting. Nowadays, in economically developed areas, high-speed trains are in short supply, and even more than 100 pairs of trains are operated on busy lines every day.
But in economically underdeveloped areas, the performance of high-speed rail is not satisfactory, and local travelers choose high-speed rail are after holding their pockets and making choices only after careful consideration.
The reason for the "two extremes" of high-speed rail is that the fares of high-speed rail have not been changed reasonably according to local conditions. Popular routes have large transportation demand and high per capita consumption level, and the cost of travelling by car increases reasonably; cold routes have less transportation demand and low per capita consumption level, and the cost of travelling by car decreases moderately; this kind of reasonable and fast price adjustment mechanism is necessary in diverting passengers, balancing the ratio of supply and demand, and improving the utilization rate of locomotives, and it is also in line with the law of the market.
Reference links ? People's Daily ? High-speed rail fare "floating" must be the key to meet the people's "tastes"