(1) Fish tank: a place for tropical fish to grow and move around. Keeping tropical fish fish tank must choose a slightly larger rectangular glass fish tank.
(2) suction pipe: used to change the water when sucking out the dirt on the bottom surface of the fish tank, with a soft rubber tube and glass tube connected and become. The length depends on the height of the aquarium. Generally take one meter two to one meter five.
(3) thermometer: used to measure and regulate the water temperature of the aquarium.
(4) Fish net: used to catch and transfer tropical fish.
(5) glass bucket: put the light bulb into the glass bucket and sink it into the fish tank for heating and lighting. The mouth of the glass bucket must be 100mm above the water surface to prevent the fish from jumping into it.
(6) electric heaters: used to increase the temperature of the fish tank in winter.
(7) Air pump: to drive out the carbon dioxide in the aquarium and increase the oxygen capacity of the water.
(8) Filter: filter out the dirt in the aquarium, keep the water clean, and play a double role in increasing oxygen and purifying the water.
(9) thermostat: used to automatically control the temperature in the aquarium, can keep the temperature constant for a long time.
(10) food bucket: prevent fish food floating on the surface of the water, which is favorable to fish predation. It can also prevent fish food from falling into the bottom of the water and drilling into the water plants, making the water plant sand black and corrupting the water quality.
(11) remove dirt liquid: made of plastic sheet. Used to scrape away the dust and oil on the surface of the aquarium.
Beginning to raise tropical fish preferred peacock fish
Peacock fish is a small tropical ornamental fish, the general body length of 3 to 5 centimeters, the fish body is delicate and delicate, swim agile and lively, body color colorful. It is mainly from South America, Brazil, Venezuela, Guyana and the West Indies and other places, according to its different characteristics and is divided into common peacockfish, swallowtail peacockfish, long-tailed peacockfish, piano tail peacockfish and yellow peacockfish.
It should be said that, among the many varieties of tropical ornamental fish, the peacock fish is not considered a noble fish species, both its selling price and the requirements of the surrounding living environment are not high, but it is because of the lively, beautiful and loved by people. Especially the male fish is more beautiful, in the greenish-brown body mixed with red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, purple colors, as if the rainbow in the sky, so it also has a nice name - rainbow fish. At the same time, because of its abdomen has several small blue round spots, round spots around the lighter color rings, much like the peacock open screen on the eye-shaped spots, so there is also a "peacock fish," the name of the United States.
Some fish buyers told reporters that the peacock fish is popular, largely due to its gentle and lively temperament, will not fight with other fish, suitable for mixing with some of the fish without aggression; and it is not too selective of food, egg yolks, steamed bread crumbs, etc., can be fed, but the best feeding of artificial feeding of fish worms, nematodes, and other live bait; at the same time, it is on the water quality, the requirements of water temperature is not high, very easy to raise! It is very easy to feed and survive.
Generally purebred peacockfish individual larger, tail fin and dorsal fin large and spreading, color is more pure, the characteristics of the more distinctive, the price is also higher, due to its strain of good and bad about in each pair of 10 yuan to 50 yuan; and hybrid or degradation of the species is the opposite of its price is also cheaper, generally as long as a couple of dollars per pair can be purchased. However, for first-time tropical fish keepers, it is still more cost-effective to buy hybrids and degenerate species, because this can accumulate a lot of experience in fish farming.
Also, it is best to first determine whether you are buying the fish for ornamental purposes or for breeding. If it is just for ornamental purpose, you can pick individuals with bright colors, grown tail fins and normal development of all fins; while if it is for breeding good peacockfish species, it is better to pick young and energetic peacockfish because fully matured peacockfish are not suitable for breeding although they have big tail fins and bright patterns.
Generally speaking, the principle of selecting peacockfish is not much different from that of selecting other fish, which is only to require that there is no abnormality on the body surface, no wounds, no broken fins and limbs, no tightness in all fins, no proliferation of organisms such as white hairs and white dots, the desire to eat, and quick response, and it is best to select individuals that have not been injured or died in the whole tank. However, a key point in purchasing peacockfish is to choose a male peacockfish that is as large as possible, with a large and spreading tail fin, and a lively swimmer. Generally buy two or three months old peacock fish.
In addition, while shopping for peacock fish, don't forget to buy another aquarium. The aquarium for peacock fish should not be too big, usually 60 centimeters long, 30 centimeters wide and 40 centimeters high, and you must pay attention to the water test before you buy to make sure there is no leakage before you buy.
After choosing a peacock fish, the next step is the bait. Peacock fish does not require much bait, generally can use water flea, water silk worm or with pellet feed.
When all the shopping is done, it's time for the process of breeding peacock fish.
Beginning to raise tropical fish "no zone"
Just bought the fish, in the habit of new environments, you can begin to feed, generally put the fish in the tank half a day later, if you find that the fish began to peck at the wall of the tank or the bottom of the tank covered with sand, that is to say, you can begin to feed. Some fish refuse to eat when they change their environment, so it is important to feed the fish the feed they like, which can be balanced with artificial feed and living feed. Be careful with portion sizes and avoid leftover scraps, which can rot and damage water quality.
Causing tropical fish disease, death of several reasons:
1, the water temperature drastic changes --- suitable for tropical fish survival of the optimal temperature of 25 ℃, but the temperature requirements of different species there are differences in the temperature, some of them to be as high as 30 ℃ or so, there are some favorite 20 ℃. Therefore, on average, 25℃ is a generally acceptable temperature. In addition, it is necessary to avoid drastic changes in water temperature, generally allowed to change the temperature range of 2 degrees.
2, stocking density is too large --- many people see aquariums can put a lot of lovely fish in a fish tank, so also at home in the fish tank to raise a lot of fish, this feeding method, no matter which kind of fish will die. If you are keeping many different kinds of fish, you must consider the space for each kind of fish and reduce the number of fish. No matter what kind of fish you have, it is never a good thing to have a small tank with a lot of fish. Keeping tropical fish is very similar to the principle of keeping goldfish, the requirement of keeping a relatively wide water surface, and to keep a normal ratio with the number of keeping to ensure that the tropical fish have a sufficient supply of oxygen.
3, the type of feed --- tropical fish diet varies by species, can be roughly divided into animal, plant, omnivorous 3 categories. So we must understand the fish in the tank, what type, like to eat what food, categorized feeding.
4, disease --- tropical fish are sick for many reasons, including infected by bought sick fish, because the temperature is too low triggered by the white spot disease and water quality due to the corruption of food or fish feces and dirt decomposition due to the deterioration.
Newly purchased tropical fish often with germs or parasites, because the condition is mild, has not yet appeared more obvious disease, it is not easy to notice when you buy, if you do not use medication directly into the aquarium, as soon as 2-3 days, as slow as 1 week to 2 weeks will be onset of the disease, or even cause death. Even if the newly purchased tropical fish is healthy, the capture and road transportation will sometimes cause injury to the fish body and bacterial infection. Therefore, it is a very important job to prevent disease and disinfect newly purchased tropical fish.
There are two more commonly used anti-disease and disinfection drugs, the first is table salt, which is safer, more effective and comes from a convenient source. Every 10 kilograms of water plus 100-300 grams, that is, formulated as 1-3% concentration of salt water, disinfection 5-20 minutes or so, the length of the bath time according to the water temperature depends on the high and low, can kill most of the germs and parasites.
The second is potassium permanganate, which can be added directly to the fish tank. The concentration of the drug is 10 kilograms of water with 0.03 grams of potassium permanganate. 0.03 grams of weight potassium permanganate weighing is not convenient. Therefore, first weigh 1 gram of potassium permanganate fully dissolved in 1 kilogram of water, i.e., formulated into one-thousandth of the concentration of the drug solution, stored in a Coca-Cola bottle for backup, and then use a pipette or a syringe to suck up 30 milliliters of potassium permanganate solution to add to the 10 kilograms of water, 24 hours after the use of the drug to change the water. However, it should be noted that for small tropical fish. Potassium permanganate is more toxic, after the drug should pay attention to the observation of tropical fish activity state, a found abnormal, immediately rescue, that is, a large number of water changes or will be out of tropical fish.
The accumulation of organic matter in the tank, such as bait and feces, can cause deterioration of water quality. Organic matter exists in two forms in the water column. One is particulate solid organic matter that has not yet been dissolved, and the other is organic matter that has been dissolved in the water. Dissolved organic matter by bacterial decomposition will become toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, if the water body grows a sufficient number of beneficial bacteria (such as nitrifying bacteria) will be toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite decomposition into non-toxic substances (nitrate). Therefore, water purification has two purposes: ① the solid organic matter has not yet dissolved filter throw; ② cultivate a sufficient number of nitrifying bacteria, decomposition of toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water body.
There are two specific treatment methods:
The first, the use of water treatment cycle equipment. Large and medium-sized aquariums use circulation filtration equipment, small aquariums can use biochemical cotton. Commercialized water treatment circulating filtration equipment of many kinds, there are built-in type, external type, etc., you can also make their own, the general structure consists of three parts. ① stainless steel or plastic made of cylindrical shell; ② cylinder put filter cotton, quartz sand, plastic biochemical ball or biochemical ceramic ring, etc.; ③ small pumps and pipes. Filter cotton, quartz sand is the role of large particles in the body of water to retain organic matter, and therefore often need to be cleaned.
Biochemical ball and ceramic ring role is as a carrier for the cultivation of beneficial bacteria, in professional terms is to cultivate biofilm, mainly to cultivate a sufficient number of beneficial bacteria, the water body of toxic ammonia nitrogen and nitrite decomposition of non-toxic nitrate.
Small aquariums can be equipped with 1-2 biochemical cotton and an inflatable pump. The biochemical cotton has the function of filtering solid organic matter and cultivating bacteria.
The second is to regularly add beneficial bacteria. There are many varieties of beneficial bacteria, common photosynthetic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, bacillus and so on. Most of the products sold on the market are compound bacteria. Such as a Japanese product called EM, there are four categories of more than 80 species of bacteria composition.
Some people have done experiments, regularly add beneficial bacteria, the water in the tank can be a year without changing the water
Some of the necessary conditions for breeding tropical fish
A, water
1, water quality
All the water in the natural world contains more or less different chemical compositions, and some chemicals will directly affect the growth and survival of the fish, the tropical fish to the water Tropical fish have higher requirements for water. Tap water, river water, well water, lake water, etc. can be used directly to raise goldfish, but can not be used directly to raise tropical fish, otherwise the fish will get sick and die.
The so-called water quality mainly refers to the hardness and pH of the water.
The hardness of water is based on the amount of calcium, magnesium and iron salts in the water. Divided into hard water, soft water and neutral water well water, spring water belongs to hard water; tap water, river water is mostly neutral water; rainwater belongs to soft water. Breeding tropical fish should use neutral water, but the city's tap water, although the pH is basically in line with the requirements of tropical fish life, but because of the water plant in the treatment of water often need to add some chemical composition of disinfectants and purifiers, should be often contained in this water travelers Kang Mu around? The water often contains travelers' Kangmu round? What's the reason for this? Trance small Guo? The third party is a member of the United States. The third party is the third party that is not a member of the United States, and the third party is the third party that is not a member of the United States. /span>2~3 days, or in the shade and lack of light to dry a week before you can use.
2, water change
Fish in the survival of a constant metabolism, to continue to excrete feces, feed the fish bait is also constantly oxidizing and decay, these will affect the water quality, so we must often change the water to the tank in a timely manner to keep the water quality fresh. Water change for part of the water change and all the water change. Partial water change is also handed over to the water. Water is drawn from the tank how much water should be supplemented how much water, water does not need to fish and water plants from the tank, generally how much water to not more than a quarter of the total amount of water in the tank is appropriate. Pay attention to the water temperature of the newly added water, as far as possible, and the original water temperature of the tank is the same. The number of times the water, fall and winter seasons, one to two times a week, spring and summer seasons, two to three times a week, the specific number of times how much according to the turbidity of the water in the fish tank, filtering conditions can be appropriate to reduce the number of times the water quality is clear, filtering conditions can be appropriate to increase the number of times, but can not be too frequent, otherwise the fish will be sick.
Temperature
Temperature is the most important condition for the survival of tropical fish, no suitable water temperature fish can not survive, tropical fish on the water temperature requirements are more demanding, tropical fish are extremely sensitive to the temperature of the water.
The water temperature for tropical fish is generally 20~30℃. But different kinds of tropical fish have different water temperature requirements. For example, peacock fish, red swordfish, black Mary and other species can tolerate a water temperature of about 10 ℃ without dying, while swallowfish, tiger fish and other water temperature below 18 ℃ will die. The vast majority of tropical fish and its sensitive to water temperature, water temperature changes ± 2 ℃ and will get a cold, water temperature fluctuations for a long time up and down instability, the fish will suffer from a variety of diseases, therefore, we should try to maintain a constant water temperature. Therefore, the water temperature should be kept as constant as possible. The water temperature should not be too high, as the bacteria in the water will reproduce too fast and affect the water quality. The normal temperature for most fish is 20~24℃, and the breeding water temperature is 25~28℃. There are two common ways to control water temperature, which are categorized as natural control and artificial control.
Natural control is to place the fish tank in a sunny room, so that the tank receives sunlight to increase the water temperature. Fish tank volume of some of the water temperature change is relatively small, and vice versa, the tank is small water less water temperature change is big, in the room conditions allow, as far as possible, let the fish tank bigger for good.
Artificial control of the water temperature is mainly the use of fireplaces, kangkang, heating and other heating measures to heat, in recent years, the market is the use of electric heating appliances continue to increase, is a better heating method, most of the products have an automatic temperature control function, should be preferred to such products.
Three, oxygen
Oxygen is needed for the survival of any living thing, without oxygen, there is no life, the survival of tropical fish is also inseparable from oxygen. Fish survival needs of oxygen, is through the gills of the microvascular absorption of dissolved oxygen in the water to get, and then through the blood circulatory system to bring and mention a part of the carbon dioxide discharged is also through the microvascular gills. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water directly affects the growth of the fish, so it is necessary to ensure that there is enough dissolved oxygen in the water. Dissolved oxygen in the water in addition to water and water changes to obtain, but also can be used in the water photosynthesis of aquatic plants to produce oxygen.
The market has a special oxygenation apparatus - air pumps, the use of air pumps to add oxygen that is convenient and simple, according to the size of the fish tank to choose the appropriate air pump. The price is relatively cheap.
Four, fish food
Tropical fish, although a wide variety of habits, but their food can be roughly divided into three categories: carnivorous fish, these fish account for the vast majority of tropical fish; omnivorous fish, accounting for a small portion of the tropical fish; vegetarian fish, these fish accounted for a very small portion of the tropical fish. Here to provide carnivorous fish common fish food to do an introduction:
1, water flea (also known as red spider mites)
Fish worm color red, moderate size, in the water cluster swimming, with rich protein, fat and calcium. Widely distributed throughout the world, but the life expectancy of this fish worm is short, generally only live one to two days after retrieval. Before feeding the fish, the fish should be cleaned before feeding.
2, cyclops (also known as green jump)
These fish bugs are small, low nutritional value, easy to die, they are in the water a jump, faster, slow-moving tropical fish, especially young fish often can not catch up, is a poor bait.
3, red nematodes (also known as water worms, line maggots)
This fish worm body elongated, dark red color, living in the water quality of the dirty water bubbles, gutter side of the shallow water, half of the worm's body in the silt, half of the body in the water constantly swinging. Red nematodes are nutritious and contain more protein and fat, making them ideal food for adult fish.
Five, light
Light is very important for the survival of tropical fish, no light tropical fish can not survive. There are three main aspects of the role of light in keeping tropical fish.
Light is the most important factor in photosynthesis of all plants. Without light water plants can not photosynthesize, they can not absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, and plants can not maintain their own survival. But plants also have certain limitations on the light requirements, too much light or light time is too long, the water plants will grow green moss, will affect the photosynthesis of the water plants; but too little light or light time is too short, the branches and leaves of the water plants will become yellow or even die due to too little photosynthesis.
Reasonable light should be, in the sunshine indoor do not receive direct sunlight, and do not set in the window sill and under the window, the use of morning and evening sunlight 1 ~ 2 hours can be, of course, the use of the window of the diffused light time can be appropriate to put a little longer. In the absence of sunlight or sunlight indoor, you can also use artificial light irradiation, you can use 60-watt incandescent lamps or 40-watt fluorescent lamps irradiation can be about 6 hours a day.
Tropical fish growth and reproduction also need light, there is light fish growth faster, the fish will be more gorgeous, the breeding cycle will be shortened.
The third function of light is to facilitate viewing. If in a dark house or a house with too little light, people are unable to see the scene in the tank, can't see it can't talk about the ornamental
The key to tropical ornamental fish breeding technology is the selection and treatment of water and feed, the basis of which is the breeding of species of fish from the source of natural ecological understanding and simulation, that is to say, the raising of tropical fish must pay attention to, the object of the raising of the characteristics of the waters of the hometown. Experience has repeatedly shown that to raise good tropical fish, especially valuable and delicate high-grade varieties, must be created in the aquarium and its natural ecology of origin, the same conditions or close to the environment.
1, water quality treatment
Freshwater tropical fish are generally born on both sides of the equator of the Earth's tropical freshwater waters. Among them, the Amazon River in South America, Thailand and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia, and the Congo Basin in Africa are the world's three major treasures of tropical fish. The vast majority of tropical fish can only survive when the water temperature exceeds 20°C, and generally prefer a water temperature of about 26°C. The water temperature in Africa is slightly acidic and reddish. The soil in Africa is slightly acidic red soil, coupled with more humus in the surface water, the general pH value of the water is 6 to 7 slightly acidic, therefore, the tropical fish produced in Africa mostly like slightly acidic water quality. Growing in the waters of South America, most of the species also like to inhabit in the pH value of 7 in the weakly acidic water. The species growing in the waters of Southeast Asia and South Asia, including those growing in the southern waters of North America, prefer neutral water with pH 7. Flowering fishes growing in Central and South America, such as peacockfish, swordtails, morays, moonfishes and other oviparous fishes, also like to live in alkaline hard water. Tropical fish from Central America require slightly alkaline water for feeding because the water quality in their birthplace is slightly alkaline. In addition, some semi-marine fish such as bat pomfret, yellowfin pomfret and Oceania's colorful golden phoenix prefer weakly alkaline water. In fact, some fish like neutral or alkaline water quality, such as bat pompano, elephant trunk fish, etc., can live well in weakly acidic water quality. However, fish that prefer acidic water generally find it difficult to survive in weakly alkaline water.
China's freshwater resources, generally slightly alkaline water, but the north is more alkaline, while some lakes, reservoirs, rivers in the south of the water quality is slightly acidic. For example, the pH value of drinking water in Guangzhou and other places in the south of China is less than 7, which is the ideal quality of water for breeding colorful fairy; while the pH value of water in Beijing is neutral at around 7. On the other hand, the water hardness of the rivers in the rainforest belt in South China is low and mostly soft water, while the water hardness in the North is also high due to low rainfall and high salinity of the soil. In addition, generally surface water has low hardness, groundwater and well water have high hardness, while rainwater and snow water are soft water. In the southern cities of China, such as Guangzhou, Foshan, the water quality is softer, for the seven-colored fairy, red lotus lamp and other delicate fish species produced in South America, has a unique breeding conditions. Northern cities such as Beijing and Tianjin have slightly harder water, making it difficult to breed these species.
Therefore, in order to successfully raise and breed tropical ornamental fish, we should first find out the origin of the species (which can be accessed through the scientific name of the relevant professional books and magazines), and learn the range of water quality factors such as pH, hardness, water temperature and salinity, etc., that are suitable for their survival, and then test the quality of local water, which can be used to carry out the commercially available easy-to-use water quality colorimetric box, and then make adjustments artificially when certain items are not found to be appropriate. In urban areas, tap water is generally used for fish farming, and this should first be neutralized by adding baking soda (sulphate), i.e. sodium thiosulphate, or vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and then tested. Add acidifier when the water is alkaline: phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate or place sinking wood or add activated carbon in the water filter for 24 hours, etc.. If the water quality is acidic, add alkalizing agent: baking soda, i.e. sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate (coral sand, shell sand or powder) or silica sand, mafia stone, and strengthen the pumping. When the water quality is too soft, you can add lime water (lime or calcium chloride). But the water quality is hard to soften is relatively difficult, can be added to the aquarium appropriate amount of rainwater, distilled water or deionized water. If you put "Mud Carbon Moss" in the aquarium or filter, it can soften the water quality and lower the pH value because it has the function of ion exchange and releases humic acid, and grass mud also has this function. In addition, the magnetizer can also soften the water, and ion exchange resin filters and reverse osmosis water treatment machine can produce different hardness of water, of which, residual chlorine, pH and hardness can be applied to a simple colorimetric test. As for salinity, it can be measured by float tube hydrometer, pointer hydrometer or refractometer. If you need to increase the salinity, you can use commercially available "artificial sea salt" to mix. After the water quality treatment, aeration will be carried out. At the same time, in order to speed up the maturation of the new water for rearing, we can artificially inoculate microorganisms such as "Nitrifying Bacteria", "Photosynthesizing Bacteria", and "Dental Bacillus" and other microorganisms to purify the water, and then put in the new fishes after a couple of days. If the new fish is expensive, you can also put 1 to 2 fish in the tank first, and then put new fish in the tank after testing the water, which is much safer.
In the process of fish farming, while changing and adding a small amount of feed water regularly, a small amount of microbial water purifier should also be added to maintain good water quality, so as to achieve the purpose of fish farming first water. Not only in the process of fish farming requires appropriate and stable water quality, and fish transfer tank also requires the new and old tank water quality can not be too big a difference, especially the pH value. For example, for the colorful fairy fish water change or tank transfer, the difference in pH between the old and new water should not be more than 0.5 and the difference in temperature should not be more than 1~2℃. For breeding water quality should also consider the hardness, part of the estuarine Eggfish should not be negligent of salinity.
2, feed feeding
Tropical ornamental fish breeding, if the water quality treatment has been a big part of the success, the main problem is the rest of the feed. At present, the commonly used live bait are water earthworms, water fleas, more expensive and have the role of ripening is the bloodworms ( shake mosquito larvae ) and the yearling worm jointless larvae and adults. More convenient are artificial feeds in the form of flakes and pellets. There is also a class of freshly prepared feed "artificial burger", the main ingredients for beef heart, shrimp, vegetables, vitamins and medicines, etc., with a home meat mixer broken into pulp, spread into thin slices of frozen pellet feeding, burger feed has become a colorful, colorful fairy fish staple food.