We should pay attention to the prevention and treatment of various primary diseases, actively prevent and treat chronic hepatitis, schistosomiasis and gastrointestinal infections, avoid contact with and application of substances toxic to the liver, and reduce pathogenic factors.
2. Emotional stability: The liver is closely related to spirit and emotion. Bad mood, depression and anger will all affect the function of the liver and accelerate the development of the disease. Establishing a strong will, cheerful mood, uplifting spirit and eliminating ideological burden will be beneficial to the improvement of the disease.
3. Dynamic and static combination: the compensatory function of liver cirrhosis is decreased, and patients with ascites or infection must stay in bed. During the period of fully compensatory function and stable illness, you can do some relaxing work or appropriate activities and carry out beneficial physical exercise, such as walking, doing exercises, Tai Ji Chuan, Qigong, etc. The amount of activity is that you don't feel tired.
4. Simple medication: blind abuse of general drugs will increase the burden on the liver, which is not conducive to liver recovery. Drugs harmful to the liver, such as isoniazid and barbiturates, should be used with caution or have contraindications.
5. Quit smoking and avoid alcohol: Alcohol can help fire and replenish blood, and long-term drinking, especially hard liquor, can lead to alcoholic cirrhosis. Therefore, drinking alcohol will aggravate the condition of patients with liver cirrhosis and easily cause bleeding. Long-term smoking is not conducive to the stability and recovery of liver disease, can accelerate the process of liver cirrhosis, and has the risk of promoting liver cancer.
6. Diet care: A diet with low fat, high protein, high vitamins and easy digestion is appropriate. Be regular, quantitative and temperate. In the early stage, you can eat more soy products, fruits and fresh vegetables, and eat sugar, eggs, fish and lean meat appropriately; When the liver function drops obviously and there are signs of hepatic coma, the intake of protein should be properly controlled, and a low-salt diet or a salt-free diet should be advocated. The daily intake of salt should not exceed 1 ~ 1.5g, and the drinking water should be within 2000ml. In severe ascites, the intake of salt should be controlled within 500mg, and the intake of water should be within 1000ml. Avoid spicy and irritating items and hard and cold food, and don't eat overheated food to prevent bleeding.
Cirrhosis is a chronic progressive liver disease, which is caused by many factors that damage the liver, such as chronic active hepatitis and long-term alcoholism. Mainly manifested as loss of appetite, fatigue, gingival bleeding, liver palm, spider nevus, jaundice, low albumin, splenomegaly, abdominal varicose veins, esophageal and gastric varices, ascites and so on. Serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic coma and secondary infection often occur in the late stage. Patients with liver cirrhosis are also high-risk targets of primary liver cancer, and regular examination should be paid attention to.
Liver cirrhosis can be treated with Chinese and western medicine, which has a certain effect.
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prescription
1. Patients with liver cirrhosis should pay attention to rest and avoid strenuous exercise; We should keep an optimistic mood and build up confidence in overcoming the disease.
2. The food used should be digestible and nutritious. High protein, high sugar, high vitamins and low fat are the principles of diet choice for patients with liver cirrhosis.
3. When there is ascites, stay in bed, increase nutrition and limit salt intake. It is best to adopt a salt-free or low-salt diet, with the salt content not exceeding 5g 1 yuan per day.
4. When ascites is obvious, water intake should be limited. Generally, the daily drinking water should be controlled at 1000 ml (equivalent to 2 bottles of salt water bottles used in hospitals). Severe hyponatremia should be limited to 500 ml.
5. Patients with esophageal varices should avoid irritating and hard food, so as not to damage esophageal varices and cause massive bleeding.
6. When hepatic coma is possible, the intake of protein should be limited, and vegetables should be the main food for three meals.
7. Quit smoking and drinking, and don't abuse "liver-protecting" drugs.
8. You should go to the hospital regularly for liver function, alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound examination.
(1) Diet therapy: A mixed diet with high protein, high calorie and high vitamins should be given. Daily protein 1g/kg body weight, as well as fresh vegetables and fruits. Generally speaking, the sources of food calorie supply are 20% in protein, and 40% in fat and carbohydrate.
(2) Etiological treatment: Treatment is given according to the special cause of early cirrhosis. In the early stage of schistosomiasis, praziquantel can be used to treat schistosomiasis thoroughly, which can improve liver function and shrink spleen. Animal experiments show that early treatment with praziquantel can reverse or stop liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis infection. Alcoholic liver disease and drug-induced liver disease should abstain from alcohol and toxic drugs.
(3) General medication: multivitamins are mainly supplemented according to the needs of the disease. In addition, liver-protecting drugs, such as inosine, are cell activators, which can increase the ATP level in vivo, convert it into various nucleotides, and participate in energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Traditional Chinese medicines, such as Salvia Miltiorrhiza and Astragalus membranaceus, can achieve the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis and regulating qi. Most authors believe that blind drug use in patients with early cirrhosis will increase the burden of drug metabolism in the liver, and the unknown or known side effects of drugs will aggravate the damage to the body, so it is not appropriate to blindly use drugs for patients with early cirrhosis for too long.
Cirrhosis is a common chronic diffuse progressive disease, which is a chronic and extensive liver parenchyma damage caused by many reasons. Hepatocytes are extensively degenerated, necrotic and atrophied, replaced by hyperplastic fibrous tissue, and the normal hepatic lobule structure is destroyed, which gradually hardens the liver and becomes cirrhosis. Clinically, there may be no symptoms in the early stage, and various manifestations such as decreased liver function and portal hypertension may occur in the later stage. Although there are many reasons for liver cirrhosis, eating disorders, alcohol and other toxin injuries play an important role in the formation and development of liver cirrhosis. Therefore, patients with liver cirrhosis should emphasize the rationality and scientificity of diet in their daily life. A high protein diet. High protein diet can promote the repair of damaged hepatocytes, especially for patients with ascites hypoproteinemia without hepatic coma. Under normal circumstances, the daily intake of protein should be 100 ~ 120g, and attention should be paid to a certain amount of high-quality protein. However, those who are prone to hepatic coma should limit the high-protein diet, otherwise hepatic coma will occur. A high vitamin diet. In order to protect liver function, we should pay attention to supplement foods rich in various vitamins and take vitamin tablets when necessary. Take in the right amount of minerals. Recently, it has been reported that the deficiency of zinc and magnesium ions in patients with liver cirrhosis has attracted people's attention. Therefore, we should take a diet rich in zinc and magnesium in our daily diet, such as lean pork, beef and mutton, fish and green leafy vegetables. Peas and dairy products, etc. A low-salt diet. If patients with liver cirrhosis have edema and ascites, they should adopt a low-salt diet and increase protein. Generally, the daily intake of sodium salt should be controlled within1.5g. In the cooking process, salt-free soy sauce and other seasonings can be used for seasoning. In addition, some scholars believe that although eating more vegetables and fruits is beneficial to patients with liver diseases, excessive consumption of foods harmful to the liver, such as lentils, radishes, garlic, onions and spinach, should be prevented. Because this kind of food contains ether oil substances, it will cause bad stimulation to the liver and gallbladder.
Patients with liver cirrhosis can be supplemented by the following dietotherapy.
1. Prunus mume porridge takes Prunus mume 10 ~ 15g and 50g of japonica rice. Mash cherry seeds first, add 500 ml of water, fry to 400 ml, filter to get juice, cook porridge with japonica rice according to the usual method, and take it warm every morning and evening.
2. Stewed turtle with yam longan Take 30 grams of yam slices, longan meat 15 grams, turtle 1 one (about 500 grams). Slaughter the soft-shelled turtle, wash it, remove miscellaneous intestines, put it in a pot with yam and longan, add water 1000 ml, stew it until it is cooked, and take it warm every morning and evening.
3. Steamed Lycium barbarum round fish takes 1 round fish (about 500 ~ 700g), Lycium barbarum 30g, Tricholoma 10g, and appropriate amount of auxiliary materials (refined salt, monosodium glutamate, onion, ginger slices, cooking wine and clear soup). Clean round fish, cut into pieces, blanch in boiling water, and steam with Lycium barbarum, Shuikou mushroom and auxiliary materials. 1 time every other day, eat meat and drink soup.
4. Stewed hen with Angelica sinensis, Radix Codonopsis each 15g, hen 1 hen (about 1 000g), onion, ginger, cooking wine and salt. Wash the hen, put Angelica sinensis and Codonopsis pilosula into the belly of the chicken, put them into a casserole, and add water to taste. After the casserole is boiled, stew it with a small fire and eat meat and soup.
5. Take melon 150g and carp 1 for melon and carp soup. Wash carp, wash melon and cut into pieces, add water to the pot, eat meat and drink soup. 6. Kelp and litchi seed Take 50g of kelp, litchi seed 15g, fennel 15g and green tangerine peel 1g, add water to boil, and take 1 time every day.
6. 30g of orange cake and egg soup, 2 eggs, and 250g of fresh Hypericum japonicum (dried product100g). Cook the first three ingredients in water until the eggs are cooked and shelled, and then cook for a while. Eat eggs and orange cakes with soup every day 1 time for 10 days. 8. Take Lycium barbarum15g, 8 jujubes and 2 eggs for the soup of Lycium barbarum, jujube and egg. Boil the soup with the first three flavors, shell the eggs for a while, season, eat the soup and eggs, 1 time, once every other day, for 2 weeks.
Life adjustment of patients with liver cirrhosis
Rest quietly to restore health.
Liver is the main hub of human metabolism and protein synthesis. When liver cells are separated by hyperplastic fibrous tissue and form nodular pseudolobules, that is, liver cirrhosis, all kinds of blood vessels will lose their normal relationship, and nutritional disorders in liver cells will lead to liver dysfunction, resulting in a series of physiological diseases, such as endocrine disorders and protein inversion. Overworked physical activity will increase the burden on liver cells and aggravate the development of diseases. Therefore, patients in compensatory period should not be overworked, and patients in decompensated period should stay in bed to protect their liver.
Experts believe that rest is more effective than drug therapy and can improve the immunity of the liver itself.
mood
Anger hurts the liver, which is the first taboo. Patients with liver cirrhosis are prone to emotional changes such as irritability, anger and rage, which will stimulate the body to produce stress response and change the endocrine system of the human body. The liver is closely related to the function of endocrine glands, which can promote the synthesis, transformation and decomposition of some hormones. Anger leads to adrenaline secretion, which stimulates liver cells to secrete GPT from liver cells into serum, causing greater damage to liver cells.
In addition, depression, anxiety, sadness and other emotions will lead to stagnation of liver qi. Qi stagnation leads to blood stasis, resulting in congestion and lumps (cirrhosis); The qi stagnation is unfavorable, the body fluid is not dispersed, and the waterway is not lost, which leads to swelling (ascites) and aggravates the condition. Patients must protect their emotional pathways and cooperate with doctors, otherwise, although there is a panacea, it is also in vain.
Prohibition of alcoholic beverages
Patients with liver cirrhosis must absolutely abstain from alcohol. Because the liver is almost the only place where alcohol is metabolized. A large number of studies show that alcohol has direct damage to the liver, and patients must not take it lightly. Some people think it's okay to drink a little or occasionally, but it's not. Any solution containing alcohol, even if the content is small, needs to be decomposed by the liver after entering the body. In the process of its decomposition, coenzyme I is transformed into reduced coenzyme I, which makes the liver cells in the central area of the liver die and fibrosis due to hypoxia. At the same time, the laboratory shows that alcohol can inhibit the secretion and excretion of glycoprotein and albumin synthesized by cells. When liver cells are seriously damaged and the liver itself has fibrosis, drinking alcohol again will increase the burden on the liver, which is not a tragedy for the liver. In a word, drinking alcohol in patients with liver cirrhosis does more harm than good, so we must be careful.
Pay attention to cirrhosis in diet.
1. Never touch a drop of wine.
As long as you have liver disease, whether it is hepatitis, fatty liver, liver cirrhosis or liver cancer, the first thing you must stay away from is "alcohol", because alcohol is mainly metabolized by the liver. When liver cells are damaged, the ability to metabolize alcohol is extremely low, and drinking alcohol is easy to cause liver function deterioration.
2. Eat less greasy, fried, pickled products, moldy foods and foods containing artificial colors and artificial additives. The poor digestive ability of patients with liver cirrhosis is due to insufficient bile output, which affects the absorption of fatty foods and fat-soluble vitamins. Therefore, it is best to eat less greasy, fried, fermented foods and pickled products such as sausages and bacon. At the same time, it is best to take the principle of small amount and multiple meals to reduce the burden on the liver and gallbladder.
Eat digestible protein food.
Patients with liver cirrhosis should establish a correct concept when choosing food. Food can reduce fat, but starch intake of sugar is essential, but not too much. Eating more digestible protein foods, such as deep-sea fish, low-fat milk, protein and tofu, is a good choice.
Patients with liver cirrhosis should also pay attention to whether there is hepatic coma. In case of hepatic coma, measures must be taken to limit the intake of protein.
P.S. Liver Coma: This is the phenomenon of liver coma in patients with end-stage cirrhosis, or in the case of liver failure. Because the function of liver cells is seriously damaged, or because of portal hypertension, portal vein blood can not directly enter the large circulation through the liver and pass through the collateral circulation, so it can not be treated in liver cells. Coma is caused by toxic substances or ammonia from the intestine. At this time, the function of the central nervous system is damaged, causing various neurological symptoms, and eventually losing consciousness and consciousness, becoming unconscious. Before or during the coma, you can often smell a sour and sweet taste near the patient, which is called "liver taste" and can also be used as identification.
4. In addition, in order to protect the liver, we must eat more vegetables with detoxification function and choleretic function, such as broccoli, cabbage, cabbage, peas, etc., because they have the richest fiber content and can excrete toxins from the body; In addition, eat less eggs, milk, cheese, wheat and other foods that are easy to cause allergies; We should also control the intake of high-fat and high-sugar foods.
Some patients with liver cirrhosis were treated with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. The disease has improved or delayed development. Generally speaking, the prognosis of posthepatitic cirrhosis is poor and should be paid attention to.
Patients diagnosed and treated in the compensatory period of liver function have a good prognosis. The prognosis of decompensated liver function is poor. Patients with ascites, jaundice, edema, fever or prolonged prothrombin time, hyponatremia, plasma albumin (2.5g/d 1, plasma protein electrophoresis gamma globulin > 30% indicate that liver function damage has reached a serious stage. If hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, esophageal venous hemorrhage and severe infection occur again, the condition will be critical and the prognosis will be extremely poor.