(1) Because there is no infection process between individuals, the onset is explosive, with short incubation period and acute onset. Most people may get sick in a short time, and the incidence curve shows a sudden upward trend.

(2) Poisoned patients generally have similar clinical symptoms. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other digestive tract symptoms often occur. (3) The onset is related to food. All patients have eaten the same food recently, and the scope of the disease is limited to people who eat this toxic food. After stopping eating this kind of food, the onset stopped soon, and the onset curve showed a sudden increase and then a sudden decline. (4) Food poisoning patients are not contagious to healthy people.

Classification of food poisoning

According to the classification of pathogenic substances can be divided into

(1) Bacterial food poisoning refers to acute or subacute diseases caused by ingestion of food contaminated by pathogenic bacteria or their toxins, and is the most common type of food poisoning. The incidence rate is high, the mortality rate is low, and it has obvious seasonality.

(2) Poisoning by poisonous animals and plants: refers to poisoning caused by eating poisonous animals and plants by mistake or eating animal and plant food due to improper processing and cooking methods without removing toxic components. The incidence rate is high, and the mortality rate varies with animal and plant species.

(3) Chemical food poisoning: refers to poisoning caused by eating toxic chemicals by mistake or eating food contaminated by them, with high morbidity and mortality.

(4) Mycotoxin and moldy food poisoning: acute diseases caused by eating food contaminated by toxic fungi and their toxins. The incidence rate is high, and the mortality rate varies with the types of bacteria and their toxins.

What should I do if food poisoning occurs?

Three meals a day is essential for everyone, but if you don't pay attention to food hygiene, eating expired and deteriorated food by mistake will cause food poisoning.

Food poisoning refers to the adverse reactions caused by eating toxic substances in food, including chemical drug poisoning, single or group. The light affects health, and the heavy one even endangers life. How to prevent food poisoning? How to save yourself after poisoning? Food poisoning includes bacterial food poisoning (such as Escherichia coli food poisoning), chemical food poisoning (such as pesticide poisoning), animal and plant food poisoning (such as cassava and lentil poisoning) and fungal food poisoning (poisonous mushroom poisoning). Food poisoning is fierce, concentrated in time, non-infectious, and frequent in summer and autumn. The manifestation of mass food poisoning is that in a short period of time, people who eat this kind of food get sick alone or at the same time, mainly manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, often accompanied by fever. Severe vomiting and diarrhea can also lead to dehydration, acidosis and even shock and coma.

When this symptom occurs, you should immediately stop eating poisoned food, immediately call the emergency center 120 for help, and send the poisoned person to the hospital for gastric lavage, catharsis and enema. Some elderly people who already have basic diseases, such as coronary heart disease and hypertension, should pay special attention to nursing. The increase of blood viscosity may lead to the aggravation of the disease.

Special attention should be paid to preserving the food that causes poisoning and providing it to the hospital for quarantine. If there is no food sample around, the patient's vomit and excrement can also be preserved. It is very important to determine the toxic substances for treatment. The sooner you go to the hospital, the better for the rescue. If it takes more than two hours, it will be more dangerous for the poison to be absorbed into the blood. Patients with severe poisoning should fast for about half a day and can be given intravenous infusion. After the condition improves, you can add some digestible foods such as rice soup, porridge and noodles.

■ Special reminder

How to prevent food poisoning, we should pay attention to some problems in our daily life:

1. Individuals should develop good hygiene habits and wash their hands before and after meals. When it is inconvenient to wash your hands when going out, be sure to wipe your hands with alcohol cotton or sterilized napkins.

2. Tableware should be sanitary. Everyone should have their own special tableware. Wash the tableware after meals and store it in clean plastic or gauze bags.

3, the diet should be hygienic, raw vegetables, fruits, pears and peaches must be washed. Don't eat food that goes bad overnight. Don't eat rotten food and dead poultry and livestock meat. Be sure to heat the leftovers thoroughly before eating.

Raw and cooked food should be separated. Knives and chopping boards that have cut raw food must not cut cooked food. Hands that have touched raw meat must be cleaned before getting cooked meat to avoid cross-contamination of raw and cooked food.

5. Don't pick and prey unfamiliar wild animals at will. Jellyfish and other products should be preserved in saturated salt water and rinsed before eating. Lentils must be cooked before eating.

6. Be sure to follow the doctor's advice when taking medicine, and be careful not to overdo it, so as not to cause drug poisoning. Take the medicine at the same time according to the doctor's advice to avoid side effects caused by mixing. Dichlorvos, pesticides and rodenticides should not be put together with food.

■ Special circumstances

What about lentil poisoning?

Lentils contain saponins and other harmful substances. If you eat unheated lentils, you can be poisoned within half an hour to several hours, showing nausea, vomiting and increased blood cells. Many people are poisoned by eating fried or cold lentils. Mild poisoning patients can recover themselves after rest, and using appropriate amount of licorice and mung bean soup as tea has a certain detoxification effect.

What about mushroom poisoning?

Once ingested by mistake, you should immediately induce vomiting, gastric lavage and catharsis. For those who are poisoned for a short time without obvious vomiting, they can first stimulate the tongue root with fingers and chopsticks to induce vomiting, and then repeatedly lavage their stomachs with 1:2000 ~ 5000 potassium permanganate solution or strong tea water and 0.5% activated carbon suspension. Let the poisoned person drink more warm water or dilute salt water to reduce the absorption of toxins.

What about bacterial poisoning?

Improper handling of food in the process of production, storage, transportation and sales will be contaminated by bacteria. Eating such food will lead to bacterial food poisoning. If the stomach contents are vomited after poisoning and vomiting, you can take 1 spoon ginger juice with sugar to stop vomiting. 4 to 5 cloves of raw garlic, eaten raw 2 to 3 times a day. Try to eat less greasy food these days.

What about nitrite poisoning?

People who eat nitrite by mistake usually have chest tightness and cyanosis. Once nitrite poisoning happens, it should be rescued immediately, and enema, gastric lavage and catharsis should be carried out quickly to let the poisoned person drink plenty of water. Remember, patients must stay in bed and keep warm. Patients should be placed in a bad environment with fresh air and good ventilation.

What should I do if I eat too many sleeping pills?

Taking too much sleeping pills can cause acute poisoning with mild symptoms, such as headache, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting. In severe cases, there will be symptoms such as drowsiness, hypothermia and weak pulse. At the beginning of taking medicine, you can drink a few mouthfuls of light salt water first, and then induce vomiting; If you take medicine for more than 6 hours, you should take laxatives orally to promote drug discharge; Oxygen can be given when conditions permit, and acupuncture points such as Renzhong, Yongquan, Hegu and Lily can also be stimulated.

How to avoid food poisoning

Pay attention to personal hygiene, carefully wash raw fruits and vegetables and discard rotten parts. Wash your hands with cleaning products before and after meals.

Try not to choose unlicensed "roadside stalls" when eating out, but look at restaurants with good sanitary conditions and strict management. Stop eating immediately if there is an odor, and don't take it lightly.

Once you feel upset in your stomach after eating, immediately use your fingers or chopsticks to help induce vomiting and seek medical advice in time.

Homemade food should be cooked separately, especially cutting boards, knives and other utensils that come into direct contact with food; Do a good job of disinfection of cookware; Food should be stored tightly to reduce the chance of being polluted by the outside world.

Eat food cooked at high temperature for a long time when eating out.