A, pheasant shape characteristics:
B, the living habits of pheasants;
Pheasants are found in all parts of the world, and they have the habit of migrating vertically in a small range with seasonal changes. In summer, they live in bushes near mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with high altitude, and in autumn, they move to sheltered and sunny places with low altitude.
C, pheasant feeding habits:
Pheasants have a variety of diets, such as young leaves, seeds and fruits of plants, beans and cereals, and insects.
D, physiological habits of pheasants;
Pheasant's wings have poor flying ability and are not good at flying. They can't take off after several ups and downs, but they are good at running and jumping.
E, pheasant breeding habits:
Pheasants 10- 1 1 month reach maturity and begin to breed. The peak of pheasant breeding is in May-June, and two nests are laid every year, each nest is 10- 15, and the eggs weigh 25-28g, mostly in light yellow oval shape.
Second, the preparatory work for the investment pheasant project
A, pheasant farm preparation:
In poultry breeding, the pheasant project can be considered as a large investment in the field. From the point of view of scientific saving, breeding chickens should be raised flat, and commercial chickens should be caged.
The flat breeding chicken house should be selected in a place that is conducive to dry drainage, leeward facing the sun, no pollution source, convenient transportation, not close to villages, factories and mines, relatively quiet and has sanitary water and power supply. Each henhouse should be 32 square meters, and it should be farmed on a large scale. Each henhouse is 36 meters long, 8 meters wide and 2 meters high. There is a playground in front of the henhouse, and each henhouse is separated by nylon net or barbed wire, and there is an anti-flying net on it.
Caged commercial chicken houses can be adapted to local conditions, and the old factories and warehouses can be used for transformation.
B, preparation of pheasant cages:
Cages for commercial chickens are not available in the market. They can be purchased in chicken cages or pigeon cages, and each farm can customize it according to the actual situation and local resources.
Preparation equipment: First, an incubator, which can be powered by domestic chickens; Second, the brooding equipment includes brooding rack, brooding cone cage, electric heating air, brooding cone umbrella and so on. Feeding utensils such as food trough and sink.
C, preparation of pheasant breeding technology
The pheasant breeding technology is relatively complicated, and it needs to master many techniques such as hatching, heat preservation in infancy, pecking addiction, eating eggs, breeding, etc., and it needs full-time personnel to be responsible. In particular, incubation technology, such as farms can't solve the incubation problem by themselves, is difficult to be profitable in commodity competitive sales. This requires continuous learning of farming techniques. In order to help farmers sum up their experience, this website has set up "pheasant knowledge lecture" and "pheasant technology cultural exchange", which may be helpful to farmers.
D, preparation of pheasant feed:
Pheasants are omnivorous birds, and the feed is very simple, which is the same as domestic chickens.
E, pheasant epidemic prevention preparation:
We should pay attention to epidemic prevention when introducing pheasant seedlings, and use Marek's vaccine, Chuanzhi vaccine, Newcastle disease vaccine and bursal vaccine according to their age.
F, pheasant seed purchase preparation:
Before introduction, we should fully and comprehensively understand the source of seed supply, master the basic knowledge about selection, adhere to the principle of purchasing by qualified units of seedling management, adhere to the principle of comparing quality and price with service, adhere to the principle of purchasing nearby, and purchase seedlings with good quality.
Third, the basic knowledge of pheasant breeding and management
A, pheasant breeding management technology in infancy
1) Timely drinking and eating: the pheasant should eat 24-36 hours after hatching, and drink water before eating. It is best to add 5% glucose or 0.1%potassium permanganate to the drinking water, and timely adjust the training for the pheasant who doesn't know how to drink water, so that it can drink water as soon as possible.1after feeding. The seasoning should be soft, palatable, nutritious and easy to digest, and it is best to feed wet ingredients for the first 3 ~ 5 days. Remove the leftover material before each feeding. Feed every 2-3 hours 1 time at the beginning, and then gradually increase the interval, feeding 6 times a day for 0-2 weeks and 5 times a day for 3-4 weeks. Generally, with the increase of age, the feed intake also increases, and the demand for feed tends to be stable when it grows close to adult weight.
2) Temperature and humidity control: The suitable brooding temperature is:1~ 3 days old 35 ~ 34℃, 4 ~ 7 days old 33 ~ 32℃, 2 weeks old 31~ 28℃, 3 weeks old 27 ~ 24℃, 4 weeks old 23 ~ 22℃, and the room temperature is kept after 5 weeks. Relative humidity1~165% ~ 70% of age,1/55% ~ 65% after age.
3) Density: With the change of age, its weight and water demand will also change accordingly, so the feeding density should be adjusted in time to increase the number of water and food tanks. When brooding in cage flat or box, the density is:1~150 ~ 60 birds/m2 at the age of 0, and10 ~ 20 ~ 30 ~ 40 birds/m2 at the age of 20. After that, it can be transferred to a three-dimensional cage (4-layer cage for pheasant brooding) and 2/kloc-0.
4) Ventilation and indoor environment control: poor indoor air circulation and excessive ammonia concentration will directly affect the growth and development of pheasants, and can induce chronic respiratory diseases, eye diseases and other diseases. Should be ventilated frequently, keep the indoor air fresh, clear feces in time, clean the ground, maintain a suitable temperature, take chickens for disinfection regularly, and evacuate the density in time. Improving indoor environment is one of the important measures to improve the survival rate of young pheasants.
5) control of illumination time: the requirement of the pheasant on illumination is not strict, and the first pheasant1~ 3 days keeps 24 hours of illumination, and 4 ~ 7 days keeps 20 ~ 22 hours of illumination, and then, according to the pheasant's feeding situation, it quickly turns to natural illumination. When the pheasant is transferred to the three-dimensional cage around 3 weeks, it should be fully illuminated at the 1 night to make the pheasant adapt to the new environment as soon as possible, and it is appropriate to use more than 3 watts/square meter. After most of the pheasants eat and drink, they can use natural illumination.
6) Immunization: Make an immunization program according to the situation in this field.
B, pheasant adult culture management technology
Young pheasants can be transferred to the ground for flat cultivation or to a pheasant cage after being caged for 6-7 weeks. From 18 weeks old, the growth and development of pheasants is the fastest stage, and the average daily gain is10 ~15 grams, which is basically close to the weight of adult pheasants by 20 weeks old. Therefore, feeding at the age of 6-20 weeks is the key to ensure the growth and development of the pheasant. While doing all the daily management work, we should also pay attention to the following points:
1) Time and attention: Generally, chicks hatched from the end of March to mid-April will be transferred to the group when they are 6-8 weeks old, and pheasants hatched in summer will be transferred to the group when they are raised to 5-6 weeks old. Three days before the transfer, a special person should be assigned to work at night and give 24-hour light. Attention should also be paid to the separation of weak chicks and the timely elimination of sick and disabled chicks. After turning to the ground1~ 2 weeks, choose warm and windless weather, open doors and windows, and let them do short-term activities in indoor and outdoor sports fields, then gradually extend them and rush indoors at night.
2) Feeding restriction of reserve pheasants: To determine the pheasants to be kept as seeds, besides the initial selection of 6-8 weeks old, the weight must be controlled to prevent obesity, so as to ensure high egg laying rate and fertilization rate during the breeding period. The specific measures are: reducing the content of protein and energy in diet; Increase the amount of crude fiber and green feed; Reduce feeding times; Increase the amount of exercise; Limit the feeding amount, etc.
3) The beak was broken for the second time to prevent pecking addiction: Pheasants are wild and like to peck foreign objects. The bred pheasants grow rapidly, and if some nutrients are lacking, or the environment is not ideal, or the density is too high, pecking is more likely to occur. In order to effectively prevent pecking addiction, the beak can be broken for the second time between 5 ~10 weeks, and the method is the same as that of domestic chickens.
4) Prohibition of moldy and deteriorated feed to prevent aspergillosis: pheasants in the early stage of breeding are susceptible to aspergillosis, and the incidence and mortality of this disease are high. Therefore, attention should be paid to prohibiting moldy and deteriorated feed and moldy padding in feeding management, controlling the indoor environment, maintaining the required humidity, often disinfecting chickens with peracetic acid, and burning the ground and burnable utensils with a flame sprayer before transferring to other groups to prevent this disease.