Brief introduction of bergamot
The fruit of bergamot, namely bergamot, is a kind of cucurbitaceae vegetable, and the seedling of bergamot is also a kind of nutritious vegetable, which is incomparable to many vegetables. Bergamot is crisp and juicy, delicious and has high nutritional value. It can be used for cooking and eating raw fruits, and it is also a traditional Chinese medicine for invigorating stomach and regulating qi. Using the leaves, flowers and fruits of bergamot to make tea and soak in wine has the effects of strengthening the spleen, resolving phlegm, relieving cough, relaxing muscles and promoting blood circulation. Fingered citron is fresh and tender. Every 100g of fingered citron contains 90-92g of water, 0.9- 1.2g of egg itself, 2.6-7.7g of carbohydrate, 0/2-22mg of vitamin C/kloc and 20g of carotene. The content of potassium is relatively high, reaching 190 mg, riboflavin 0. 1 mg, calcium 500 mg, phosphorus 320 mg, iron 40 mg, sodium 10 mg, copper 0.03 mg, magnesium 7 mg, zinc 8.35 mg and selenium 2.3 mg.
Planting technique of bergamot
1. soil: bergamot likes loose, fertile and well-drained acidic soil conditions. Potted soil should be mixed with loose sand and red and yellow loam, and appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer should be added. Viscous alkaline soil is not conducive to its growth and development. Potted soil can be prepared with 60% coarse sand, 20% decomposed organic fertilizer and 20% field soil.
2. Planting: First, select seedlings, and require the period when the roots are developed, strong and even branched. Autumn planting is from September to 10, and spring planting is from late February to early April. Pruning and root cutting should be carried out before the pot is placed to keep the fibrous roots intact.
3. Water: After the fingered citron seedlings are put into the pot, water them thoroughly immediately. Water the soil after it is dry to keep it moist, but prevent the waterlogging in the basin from affecting the root growth. Watering is the key to the success of bergamot. After April-May, the temperature rises, the bergamot grows rapidly, and the water demand increases. Summer is hot and hot. In addition to keeping the soil in the basin moist, it is also necessary to spray water around to maintain a certain environmental humidity. In autumn, the temperature gradually drops, and the amount of watering can be gradually reduced; In winter, when the trees enter the dormant period, they should be moved into the greenhouse, and the pots should be kept moist to prevent them from being too wet and too dry, so as to avoid root rot or plant wilting. The water of bergamot should also be handled flexibly according to the specific conditions of seedlings, and young trees should be watered less and strong trees should be watered more; It is not advisable to water the fruit during the expansion period to avoid falling fruit.
4. Fertilization: Combined with watering and topdressing, the fertilization of potted bergamot can be divided into four different stages in a year: one is to apply thin fertilizer to mango seeds every seven days from the vernal equinox, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can also be used as topdressing outside the roots, with the aim of enhancing tree vigor. Second, the flowering period and fruiting period are between the awn seed and the summer heat, and the fertilizer content can be thicker than before by fertilizing once every 3-5 days. At this time, more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied, and artificial pollination can be carried out with the goal of more flowers and less fruit drop. 3. During the summer heat to the autumnal equinox, the fruit is expanding, so more compound fertilizers such as potassium and phosphorus should be applied, and less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, otherwise the fruit will delay ripening. Fourth, during the period from the Millennium to the first frost, dilute phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied after fruit picking, watering and nitrogen fertilizer were controlled, tree vigor was restored, and flower bud differentiation was promoted. In short, it is necessary to control the fertilizer and water in the early stage of fruiting and increase the fertilizer and water in the fruit expansion period.
5. Pruning: After the Buddha put his hand on the basin, he began to focus on vegetative growth, and the terminal buds kept growing without self-pruning. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the topping of the main tip, promoting branching and dwarfing the crown. Sparse the weak branches, adjust the tree posture and beautify the tree potential by combining the methods of supporting, pulling and hanging. After fruiting, according to the growth and fruiting potential, the buds are smeared in spring and summer, resulting in topping of branches, thinning of flowers and fruits, promoting the balance of branches and fruits in each period and preventing the phenomenon of big and small years.
6, cold: bergamot is worse than ordinary citrus. When it encounters low temperature, many leaves will be lost, and branches will be freeze-dried, which will affect the flowering, fruit setting and growth and development in the coming year. Therefore, bergamot should increase the indoor air temperature and humidity after entering the room in winter to enhance the resistance of the tree.
7. Pest control: Pests mainly include aphids and scale insects. May-June and August-September are the time when aphids harm the young leaves at the top of bergamot branches, and June-July is the time when red spiders easily harm the leaves in dry and hot weather. After discovery, 40% dimethoate 1000 times can be sprayed (or consult a pesticide store) for control.
The efficacy and function of bergamot
The efficacy of bergamot:
Bergamot is also known as nine-claw wood, five-finger orange and bergamot. It has many medicinal functions, such as regulating qi, resolving phlegm, stopping vomiting and abdominal distension, soothing the liver and strengthening the spleen, and regulating the stomach. It has obvious relieving effect on tracheitis and asthma of the elderly; It has obvious curative effect on indigestion, chest tightness and abdominal tightness of ordinary people. Korean pine bergamot can be made into a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, which has the function of health care and longevity after long-term administration. Because of its high ornamental value and medicinal value, Korean pine bergamot has high economic value. All kinds of medicinal liquor made of bergamot are fragrant, sweet and delicious, which have been affirmed by experts many times. The bergamot health tea was patented by the state and appraised by the Tea Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture. Bergamot health tea contains amino acids, vitamins and various trace elements needed by human body, which is a new excavation of Chinese herbal medicine treasure house. Aromatic oil extracted from the fruit, peel and leaves of bergamot is considered as an important raw material of high-grade tobacco flavor internationally.
The function of bergamot:
Bergamot not only has high ornamental value, but also has precious medicinal and economic value. Bergamot is full of treasures, and roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits can be used as medicine. It is pungent, bitter, sweet, warm and non-toxic. It enters the three meridians of liver, spleen and stomach, and has many medicinal functions, such as regulating qi, resolving phlegm, relieving cough and swelling, soothing the liver, strengthening the spleen and regulating the stomach. According to historical records, the root of bergamot can cure men's weakness and limb weakness; Flowers and fruits can be used to make tea, which has the function of degassing; Fruit can cure stomach diseases, vomiting, burping, hypertension, tracheitis, asthma and other diseases. According to Neijing, bergamot has the functions of treating swelling and pain, women's vaginal discharge and sobering up, and it is the main raw material for preparing bergamot Chinese patent medicine.