(1) Precautions for hypertension: Reasonable diet 1. The importance of diet to hypertension: food is the most important thing for people. A reasonable diet can make you neither fat nor thin, and your cholesterol is not high or low. 2. The diet of patients with hypertension should be taboo: ① Carbohydrate food: suitable food-rice, porridge, noodles, Ge Fen soup, taro and soft beans-sweet potato (food that produces flatulence). Biscuits with strong flavor of dried bean ② protein foods-beef, pork, lean meat, white meat, fish eggs, milk and dairy products (whipped cream, yeast milk, ice cream and cheese), bean products (tofu, natto, bean powder, oily tofu)-foods with high fat content (pork belly, ribs, whales, herring, tuna, etc.). ). (3) Fatty foods are suitable foods-vegetable oil and a small amount of cream salad dressing, and foods that should be avoided-animal oil, lard, bacon and sardines soaked in oil; (4) Vitamins and minerals Foods Suitable foods-vegetables (spinach, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, lily roots, pumpkins, eggplant and cucumbers) fruits (apples, oranges, pears, grapes and watermelons) Algae fungi should be cooked before eating foods that should be avoided-vegetables containing hard fiber (burdock, bamboo shoots and beans). Vegetables with strong irritation (spicy vegetables, mustard greens, scallions, mustard greens) ⑤ Other foods are suitable-foods that should be avoided in light fragrant tea yeast milk drinks-spices (Chili curry powder), alcoholic drinks, salt-soaked foods (finished vegetables, roe) and coffee in sauce 3. Dietary habits that patients with hypertension should pay attention to ① First, we should control energy intake, advocate eating more complex sugars such as starch and corn, and eat less monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and sucrose, which will easily lead to increased blood lipids ② Limit fat intake, choose vegetable oil when cooking, and eat more sea fish. Marine fish contains unsaturated fatty acids, which can oxidize cholesterol, lower plasma cholesterol, prolong platelet aggregation, inhibit thrombosis and prevent stroke, and also contains more linoleic acid. It is effective to increase microvascular elasticity and prevent vascular rupture and hypertension complications. ③ The daily protein of patients with hypertension in protein is per kilogram of body weight1g.. It is advisable to eat fish protein 2-3 times a week. Fish protein can improve vascular elasticity and permeability, increase urinary sodium excretion, and thus lower blood pressure. If hypertension is complicated with renal insufficiency, the intake of protein should be limited. ④ Eat more foods rich in potassium and calcium but low in sodium, such as potatoes, eggplant, kelp and lettuce. Food: milk, yogurt, shrimp skin, eat less broth, because the increase of nitrogen-containing extract in broth can promote the increase of uric acid in the body and increase the burden on the heart, liver and kidney. ⑤ Limit the salt intake: it should be gradually reduced to less than 6g every day, that is, after the rubber pad is removed from the ordinary beer lid, the salt content of a flat lid is about 6g. This means that the amount of salt includes the total amount of sodium converted into salt in edible salt and other foods. Appropriate reduction of sodium intake is helpful to lower blood pressure and reduce the retention of sodium and water in the body. Eat no less than 8 fresh vegetables every day, 2 to 4 and 7, and appropriately increase the intake of seafood: moderate exercise such as kelp, seaweed and seafood fish is important for hypertension, and it is best to do aerobic exercise to help lower blood pressure like losing weight. For example, walking, jogging, cycling and swimming in Tai Ji Chuan are all aerobic exercises. Precautions: ① Don't overdo it or be too strong and tired. Take a step-by-step approach to increase activity. ② Pay attention to the surrounding environment and climate: in summer: avoid the time when the sun shines at noon. Winter: keep warm to prevent stroke; Wear comfortable and sweat-absorbing clothes; Choose cotton cloth and sports shoes; It is necessary to choose a safe place; For example, don't exercise on an empty stomach in park schools; Don't avoid hypoglycemia when exercising in the driveway; No exercise for 2 hours after meals; It is forbidden to stop exercising when you are sick or uncomfortable; It is not suitable for exercise when you are hungry or one hour after a meal; It is not allowed to stop the movement immediately; It should be carried out in accordance with the exercise procedures; It is necessary to exercise. If you feel unwell, you should stop smoking and limit alcohol immediately, because tobacco leaves contain nicotine 3. It will excite the central nervous system and sympathetic nerve to speed up the heart rate, and at the same time, it will also prompt the adrenal gland to release a large amount of catecholamine, which will make the arterioles contract and raise blood pressure. Nicotine also stimulates chemoreceptors in blood vessels and reflexively raises blood pressure. Long-term heavy smoking will also promote atherosclerosis of the aorta, make the intima of the arteriole gradually thicken and the whole blood vessel gradually harden. At the same time, because the contents of carbon monoxide and hemoglobin in the blood of smokers increase, the oxygen content in the blood will decrease, making the intima of arteries anoxic. The increase of lipid oxygen content accelerates the formation of atherosclerosis, so people without hypertension can quit smoking and prevent the occurrence of hypertension. Patients with hypertension should give up smoking. Compared with smoking, the advantages and disadvantages of drinking alcohol are controversial. Various reports appear from time to time, some say that drinking a small amount of alcohol is beneficial, others say that it is harmful, but one thing is certain: drinking a large amount of alcohol with high concentration will definitely lead to arteriosclerosis and high blood pressure. The psychological manifestations of patients with hypertension are nervousness and irritability. Stabilizing these is also the cause of high blood pressure. Patients can cultivate good adaptability to the natural environment and society by changing their behavior, avoid emotional excitement and excessive tension and anxiety, and be calm when things go wrong. When there is a lot of mental stress, we should try to release it, talk to friends and relatives or encourage ourselves to take part in relaxed and happy extracurricular activities, and pour our spirit into music or flowers to keep ourselves in the best state, so as to keep our blood pressure stable. 5. Independent management 1. Blood pressure was measured regularly 1-2 weeks. 2. To treat hypertension, we must adhere to the "three hearts", that is, confidence, determination and perseverance. Only in this way can we prevent or delay the damage to important organs of the body. Injury 3. Take antihypertensive drugs regularly, and don't reduce or stop taking them at will. You can adjust them under the guidance of a doctor to prevent blood pressure from rebounding. 4. If possible, you can bring your own sphygmomanometer and learn to measure your own blood pressure. 5. Pay attention to the combination of work and rest, pay attention to diet, exercise to maintain emotional stability and get enough sleep. 6. The elderly should not be too hasty in lowering blood pressure. Blood pressure should be controlled at 140- 159mmhg to reduce cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. 7 The occurrence of elderly people and taking noradrenergic nerve endings blocking drugs to prevent postural hypotension 8 There is no need to strictly prohibit sexual life: pay attention to the following situations: 1. Don't have sexual intercourse immediately afterwards; 2. Stop having sex after drinking; 3. If you feel dizzy and chest tightness, you should stop having sex and seek medical advice in time; 6. See a doctor on time; 1. After taking the medicine, 2. High blood pressure or low blood pressure fluctuates greatly; 3. Have dizziness, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, hemiplegia and aphasia. Obstacles, dyspnea, weakness of limbs, etc. Go to the hospital immediately. If the situation is critical, please ask for help. Emergency Center (2) Hypertension in treatment of tea is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people. In addition to insisting on drug treatment, patients often make tea with Chinese medicine, which can also play a very good auxiliary treatment role. Chrysanthemum tea: All chrysanthemums should be chamomile, which is not bitter, especially the big white chrysanthemum or small white chrysanthemum produced in Suzhou and Hangzhou. It is best to make about 3 grams of tea each time and drink it three times a day. You can also use chrysanthemum, honeysuckle and licorice instead of tea to drink tea. It has the special effects of calming the liver, improving eyesight, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and has obvious curative effect on hypertensive arteriosclerosis. Hawthorn tea: Hawthorn contains ingredients that can help digestion and dilate blood vessels, lower blood sugar and blood pressure. At the same time, drinking hawthorn tea regularly has obvious auxiliary effect on treating hypertension. The drinking method is to drink fresh hawthorn fruit 1-2 pieces of tea several times a day. Cassia seed tea: Semen Cassiae, a traditional Chinese medicine, has the effects of lowering blood pressure, lowering blood fat, clearing liver and improving eyesight. Drinking cassia seed tea regularly has special effects on treating hypertension. Soak 15-20g cassia seed in water several times a day, which is a wonderful product for treating hypertension, dizziness and blurred vision. Corn silk tea: Corn silk not only has a good effect of lowering blood pressure, but also has the functions of stopping diarrhea, stopping bleeding, diuresis and nourishing stomach. Drink tea several times a day, 25-30 grams each time. The clinical effect of treating edema and hypertension caused by nephritis with corn stigma is particularly obvious. (3) Diet therapy for hypertension 1. Hawthorn porridge is made from hawthorn 30-40g of japonica rice100g of sugar10g. Cooking porridge can be used as a snack between meals, but it can't be eaten on an empty stomach. Spleen and stomach, digestion and blood stasis, 7 ~ 10 days as a course of treatment. Suitable for hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, etc. 2. Taoren porridge raw material10 ~15g japonica rice 50 ~ 100. For example, add water to mash, grind juice, remove residue, and cook glutinous rice into porridge. Usage: 65438+ 0 times a day, 5 ~ 7 days as a course of treatment. It is suitable for hypertension, coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, and the dosage should not be too large. Pregnant women and people who usually have loose stools should not take it. 3. carrot porridge raw materials: fresh carrots and japonica rice. Wash and chop carrots and japonica rice, add water to the pot and cook until the rice is thick. You can have breakfast and dinner. This porridge is sweet and goes bad easily. Need to cook and eat now. Not suitable for cooking for a long time. It has the effects of invigorating spleen, lowering blood pressure and diuresis. It is suitable for children with hypertension, dyspepsia, night blindness, rickets and malnutrition. (4) The diet of patients with hypertension should be 1. Patients with hypertension are often obese and must eat low-calorie food. The total heat should be controlled at about 8.36 megajoules per day. Daily staple food150-250g of animal protein and plant protein, each accounting for 50%. Hypertensive patients without nephropathy or gout can eat more soybeans, peanuts, black fungus or tremella and fruits. Dinner should be less, and light and excessively greasy food can induce stroke. Edible oil should be vegetable oil containing vitamin E and linoleic acid. Do not eat sweets, eat more high-fiber foods such as bamboo shoots, vegetables, Chinese cabbage, wax gourd, tomato, eggplant, bean sprouts, jellyfish, kelp and onions, as well as a small amount of fish, shrimp, poultry, skim milk powder and egg white. The amount of edible salt per person per day with low salt should be strictly controlled at 2-5g, that is, about a spoonful of salt, and the sodium contained in cooking soy sauce should be subtracted. 3 ml of soy sauce is equivalent to 65,438+0g of salted (sauced) vegetables. Sufu, bacon (eggs), pickled products, clams, shellfish, shrimps, preserved eggs, wormwood and Ipomoea aquatica are all high in sodium, so we should try to eat less or not. High potassium is the first choice for patients with any kind of hypertension, because epidemiological investigation shows that the death rate of heart disease of people who eat fish once a week is significantly lower than that of people who don't eat fish. 4. Fruits and vegetables need B vitamins and vitamin C every day, which can be satisfied by eating more fresh fruits and vegetables. Some people argue that eating 1-2 apples a day is good for health, and fruits can also supplement calcium, potassium, iron and magnesium. Calcium supplement Some people ask hypertensive patients to take 1 g of calcium every day for 8 weeks. If they find that their blood pressure is dropping, they should eat more foods rich in calcium, such as soybeans, sunflower seeds, walnuts, milk, peanuts, fish, shrimp, red dates, fresh wild vegetables, garlic sprouts, laver and so on. 6. The study of iron supplementation found that the plasma iron in elderly patients with hypertension is lower than normal, so eating more iron-rich foods, such as peas and fungus, can not only lower blood pressure, but also prevent anemia in the elderly. Drinking water is brewed with 4-6 grams of tea leaves (equivalent to 2-3 cups of tea bags) every day. Long-term use is beneficial to human body. The above dietary principles, if adhered to, are beneficial to the health of patients with hypertension.