Bamboo worms
1 order of the winged subclass. Named for its elongated body. Winged or wingless. Body length large. The prothoracic segments are short, the mesothoracic and metathoracic segments are long, especially in the wingless species. In winged species the wings are mostly two pairs, the forewings leathery, mostly narrow and long, with numerous transverse veins, which are finely reticulate. Almost all species have excellent mimicry, with most species having elongated bodies that mimic plant branches, and a few having broadly flattened, bright green bodies that mimic plant leaves, with broadly flattened wings, veins arranged in a leafy venation, and flattened and expanded abdomens and tibial and leg segments. This insect can often operate solitary reproduction, males are often less, unfertilized eggs develop into females. When injured, the feet of the larvae can fall off by themselves, and can be regenerated. High temperature, low temperature and dark light can make the body color become dark, on the contrary, the body color can become light. The body color is different between daytime and nighttime, which is a rhythmic change of body color. Bamboo worm phytophagous, can harm plants, especially in Oceania, there are several species of bamboo worms tend to occur in large numbers, feeding on the leaves of eucalyptus. China has also been reported to damage oak trees, resulting in disaster.
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The bamboo worm is the most camouflaged insect with a high degree of stealth. When it crawls on plants, it can match the shape of the plant with its own body shape, dressed up as the plant being imitated, or branches or leaves, but also exquisite, such as not carefully examined, it is difficult to find its existence; at the same time, it can also be based on the light, humidity, temperature differences in the change of body color, so that they are completely integrated into the surrounding environment, so that the birds, clarity of kicks, spiders and other predators are difficult to find its existence and safe and sound. Bamboo worms peculiar stealth survival behavior, but also than other good mimicry of the insect skills. Of course, the crown of stealth is also owned by the bamboo worm. In this way, the "double champion" crown is given to bamboo worms is well deserved.
The order of insects, commonly known as bamboo worms, large or medium-sized, generally 3 to 30 centimeters long, up to 51 centimeters, the largest living insects in the body length of the largest species. The body is prolonged in a rod-like shape, looking much like bamboo joints (such as bamboo worms) or broad-leaved, looking much like bamboo leaves (Ye Xiu). Body color is mostly green or brown. The head is small and hypoglossal. The antennae are long and filiform, multinodal, or short. Mouthparts are masticatory, compound eyes are small; single eye is 2 or 3, or missing.
The body is bamboo-like, with a short prothorax and extremely long meso- and post-thorax; the leaf-shaped ones are not particularly elongated meso- and post-thorax. Forewings short, leathery, scalelike, overwinged, well developed or sometimes reduced or entirely absent, hindwings membranous, broad, with large anal domains and fan-like folds. Temperate species are often wingless, while tropical species often have well-developed anterior and posterior wings, which are also reduced or wingless. Male and female species are heterozygous, with bamboo-like body shapes, females are mostly short-winged or wingless, while males are vice versa; while those with bamboo-like body shapes are the opposite, with females having well-developed, blade-like overlaying wings, and degenerate hindwings, while males have degenerate forewings and well-developed hindwings. Feet slender, or flat and broad, tarsus 5-segmented, a few 3 or 4-segmented.
Abdomen elongate or flattened and broad, 10-segmented, segments similar, segment 1 often fused with the hind thorax. Ovipositor undeveloped, caudal whisker 1-segmented.
Metamorphosis type is gradual metamorphosis, after hatching from the egg, the larvae and adults are similar in morphology and habits, except that the wings of the larvae are incompletely developed and the reproductive organs are not yet mature, and after each shedding of the skin, the wings and reproductive organs are gradually developed and grown, and this kind of larvae is called wakame. The eggs laid by the female are scattered on the ground, and they are encased in a solid capsule that resembles a seed. Egg period is long, temperate species often overwintering eggs, after 1-2 years to hatch, the slow development of worms, the completion of a generation often need 1 ~ 1.5 years, after 3-6 times of peeling, began to become worms. There are also those who are capable of solitary reproduction.
Bamboo worms are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Inhabiting in the mountains, dense forests and habitats in complex environments, there are typical mimicry and protective color, similar to its habitat, not easy to be found by the enemy. Among them, the bamboo worm is very similar to the fine branches of trees, while the leaf mite is very similar to the leaves of trees. Normally living in the grass or forest trees, feeding on leaves. Adults can also overwinter, more can not or do not fly well.
The order of bamboo worms is known to have 2 general families, 5 families, more than 2500 species, more than 100 species are known in China.