Coronary heart disease is a cardiovascular disease that we often hear about. There are many symptoms of coronary heart disease. The common ones are insufficient blood supply to the heart or chest tightness. Generally, it may occur more in middle-aged and elderly people. Patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to their living habits, especially their eating habits. What should they pay attention to in the diet of coronary heart disease? How to take care of coronary heart disease?
1. Control the total caloric intake
The caloric intake should be based on the patient's standard weight and work requirements. Too high calories should not be given to maintain the standard body total. Pay attention to your daily diet and maintain a good figure. You should not be too obese. Try to control your weight within the normal weight range. When disease occurs, strictly control your caloric intake. Generally, the daily intake is within 1,000 kcal.
2. Limit fat intake
Whether it is patients with coronary heart disease or normal people, daily fat intake must be limited. Daily fat intake The amount of food should be controlled within 30% of the total calories per day, animal fat should be less than 10%, the intake of cholesterol should be controlled within 300mg, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids should be maintained at 3:2. Avoid eating Foods high in fat and cholesterol, such as fatty meat, animal offal, snail meat, cuttlefish, etc.
3. Appropriate amount of carbohydrates
Patients with coronary heart disease must have a reasonable intake of carbohydrates in their daily lives. Excessive carbohydrate intake can easily lead to Elevated triglycerides and low intake can easily lead to malnutrition. Carbohydrate intake should be controlled between 60% and 70% of total calories, and less sucrose and fructose should be consumed.
4. Appropriate amount of protein
When taking protein, patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to whether the protein intake is a reasonable combination of animal protein and plant protein. The intake of animal protein will cause The increase in lily fatty acids in the body will also increase the intake of cholesterol. Bone recommends that the intake of animal protein be controlled within 50%. Plant protein can reduce blood cholesterol levels, and it is recommended to intake more, such as soy protein.
5. Control sodium intake
Patients with coronary heart disease are often accompanied by high blood pressure, especially when combined with cardiac insufficiency. Due to the reduction in the effective circulating blood volume of renal blood vessels, The glomerular filtration capacity decreases, leading to water retention, increased blood volume, and increased burden on the heart. At this time, sodium intake should be controlled to less than 5g per day. For moderate or above cardiac insufficiency, it should be directly reduced to less than 5g per day. Within 3g, the amount of water should also be reduced accordingly, and should be controlled at about 800ml per day.
6. Supplement vitamins
Patients with coronary heart disease have atherosclerosis. Vitamins are directly related to atherosclerosis. Vitamins can improve the function of myocardium. Vitamin B6 can also Reduce blood lipid levels. Vitamin C can increase the elasticity of blood vessels, protect the integrity of blood vessels, and prevent cerebral hemorrhage. It is recommended that patients with coronary heart disease should pay attention to supplementing vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, etc. It can be supplemented through supplements or by eating fruits.
7. Moderate exercise
Patients with cardiovascular disease must do a certain amount of exercise to promote blood circulation, consume excessive energy, and maintain physical health. It is recommended to Mainly gentle methods such as walking.
8. Health care for coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is a common disease among middle-aged and elderly people. As the saying goes, “30% treatment, 70% care,” illustrates the importance of nursing care for patients with coronary heart disease. Nursing measures for coronary heart disease not only affect the treatment effect, but also have a significant impact on the patient's recovery and prognosis. Therefore, we must pay attention to whether the nursing measures for coronary heart disease are appropriate and continuously improve and enhance the nursing measures for coronary heart disease. Nursing measures for coronary heart disease patients include the following aspects:
(1) Mental care
In the care of coronary heart disease, we must not only pay attention to physical factors, but also The influence of mental factors on this disease.
Nursing staff must keep abreast of the patient's mental state, personality traits, likes and dislikes, etc., so that the patient can maintain an optimistic and relaxed mental state and avoid tension, anxiety, agitation or anger.
(2) Diet care
Improper diet is one of the main causes of coronary heart disease, so a healthy diet can significantly reduce blood cholesterol concentration and the incidence of coronary heart disease.
Healthy eating habits include: quitting smoking, drinking less alcohol; not drinking strong coffee and tea, living a regular life, ensuring adequate sleep; keeping warm to prevent upper respiratory tract infections, etc.
(3) Exercise care
Patients with coronary heart disease should absolutely stay in bed during the acute phase. Perform appropriate exercise during the recovery period. In nursing care, the method and amount of exercise should be guided according to the patient's different conditions. According to the patient's constitution and condition, it is appropriate not to feel excessive fatigue.