Huanghekou hairy crab, scientific name of Chinese mitten crab, commonly known as hairy crab, clear water crab and so on. It was recognized as a famous brand product by China International Agricultural Exposition in 1999 and 2001, and became one of the advantageous aquatic products in Shandong Province.
Dongying City, Shandong Province, is located at the mouth of the Yellow River, and is exceptionally rich in aquatic products, of which the Yellow River Mouth hairy crab is one of the major specialties, and is one of the advantageous aquatic products of Shandong Province. The Yellow River estuary hairy crab, scientific name Chinese mitten crab, commonly known as hairy crab, clear water crab, etc., is China's famous freshwater crab. The Yellow River Mouth hairy crabs in Dongying City, Shandong Province are large and fat, with delicate meat, delicious flavor and rich nutrition, making them an excellent delicacy on people's tables.
Territorial Scope
The Yellow River Mouth hairy crabs are located in Dongying City, with the geographical coordinates of 118°07′-119°10′ east longitude and 36°55′-38°10′ north latitude, and all the naturally grown in the waters as well as the Yellow River Mouth hairy crabs cultured in the ponds, reservoirs, reed fields, and wetlands, with the total area of 33,333 hectares, and the annual output of 3,816 tons of adult crabs.
Natural ecological environment and humanistic and historical factors
(1) Climate: Dongying City is located in the warm temperate zone and semi-humid region, with a continental monsoon climate, rain and heat in the same season, and four distinct seasons. Spring drought and windy, early spring cold and warm, often inverted spring cold appeared, late spring warming quickly, often spring drought; summer hot and rainy, high temperature and humidity, sometimes by typhoons; fall temperatures drop, the rain suddenly reduced, high and cool; winter weather dry and cold, cold winds blowing frequently, rain and snow scarce, more north wind, northwest wind. The difference in climate between the north and the south is not obvious. The average temperature for many years is 12.5℃, the frost-free period is up to 206 days, and the cumulative temperature of ≥10℃ is about 4300℃. Light energy resources are abundant, with an annual average of 2,692.5 hours of sunshine, and the total annual radiation of the sun is 123.6-127.6 kcal/cm2. The annual precipitation is 550-600 millimeters, which is mostly concentrated in the summer, and the precipitation in July-August accounts for half of the annual precipitation.
(2) Hydrological situation: The Dongying section of the Yellow River starts from the Binzhou boundary, runs through the whole Dongying city from southwest to northeast, and injects into the Bohai Sea in the northeast part of Kenli County, with a total length of 138 kilometers. The Yellow River water runoff is characterized by large inter-annual variations, uneven distribution within the year, and large sand content. According to the measured data of Lijin Hydrological Station from 1950 to 2001, the average annual runoff of the Yellow River was 33.26 billion cubic meters, with a maximum of 97.31 billion cubic meters (1964), and a minimum of 1.861 billion cubic meters (1997); the maximum flow rate was 10,400 cubic meters per second (July 1958), and the minimum flow rate was the broken flow of the dry river; and the average annual sand transport was 836 million tons, with a maximum of 2.1 billion tons ( 1958), the smallest 0.16 billion tons (1997). 90 years since the Yellow
Yellow River annual runoff is reduced, often break the flow. 1999, the Yellow River Conservancy Commission to increase the management of water diversion along the Yellow River, break the flow of the phenomenon tends to slow down, and in 2000 began to realize the non-stop flow. In addition to the Yellow River, the city **** has 30 backbone drainage channels. With the Yellow River as the dividing line, south of the Yellow River is the Huaihe River Basin, there is the Xiaoqing River and its tributaries Zihe, Yanghe, Naihezi, Preparatory River, Zhiwei River and its tributaries Xiaohezi, Wujia Dagou, Guangpu River, five dry rows, the Guangli River and its tributaries Yihong River, Dongying River, the old Guangpu River, five or six dry rows, six dry rows, Yongfeng River and its tributaries, the Sanpai ditch, Zhangzhen River, Kojima River, 20 rivers; north of the Yellow River is the Haihe River Basin, there are Chaohe River and its tributaries Chuguan River, Taiping River, Ma Xinhe, Zhanli River, Caoqiaogou, Caoqiaogou East Main Stream, Pick River, Shenxian Gully and its tributaries Xinwei East River 10 rivers. All of the above rivers are connected to the Bohai Sea, and all of them have the natural distribution of the Yellow River estuary hairy crabs. Every year from December to March of the following year, the Yellow River estuary hairy crabs spawn in the salty and freshwater area where freshwater and seawater meet in the estuary, and then, as the hairy crabs' larvae grow and develop, they go upstream against the river and enter the inland freshwater water to grow.
(3) Yellow River Estuary Wetland: the Yellow River crosses into the sea from the southwest to the northeast from the middle of Dongying City, with a length of 138 kilometers within its territory. Over the years, the sediment of the Yellow River has been deposited at the mouth of the sea and silted into the Yellow River Delta. At the point where the Yellow River enters the sea, there is a 153,000 hectares of mudflat wetland; the raging river rushes and whistles through it and sinks into the sea. In recent years, the sediment carried by the Yellow River has been advancing into the sea at a rate of 3 kilometers per year towards Bohai Bay, causing 30,000-40,000 acres of sea area to be silted up and become a new land resource. This is the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, established in 1987, which focuses on protecting wetland ecosystems and rare and endangered birds. The reserve is only 60 kilometers away from the Dongying Municipal Government, and has a temperate monsoon continental climate, with four distinct seasons, plenty of light, rain and heat at the same time, and an average annual precipitation of 551.6 millimeters. This delta is the Yellow River hostage to a large number of sediment to fill the Bohai Sea depressions land sea-phase sedimentary plains. The Yellow River coccyx swings into the newly formed land belt with wide and low-lying terrain, the area is expanding year by year, the ecological type is unique, and the meeting place of the sea and the river forms a large area of shallow mudflats and wetlands. The water quality in the area is excellent and pollution-free, with pH value between 8.0-8.3, which is weakly alkaline water, total hardness between 2.16-5.56, which is weakly hard water, and mineralization degree between 0.2-0.6g/L, which contains a large number of nutritive salts, abundant aquatic grasses, and baiting organisms, which is the main natural habitat for the hairy crabs of Yellow River Estuary, and the source of the artificially bred crabs in the Yellow River Estuary. The abundant water of the Yellow River and the abundant reed resources provide unique conditions for the breeding and growth of hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary. Therefore, the hairy crabs here are pure in variety, fresh and flavorful meat, delicate and elastic meat, large individuals, and the weight of individual adult crabs can reach 150g-450g.
(4) Humanities and history: According to the historical records, since the fourth year of Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty Yongguang (40 BC), the Yellow River decided to clear the river, and then entered the sea by Qianxian (i.e., the western boundary of present-day Lijin), and then the Yellow River was diverted to Huaihua from Kaifeng in 1642, which lasted 1,682 years. In 1642, the Yellow River was diverted from Kaifeng to Huaihuai, which lasted for 1682 years. During this period, the Yellow River repeatedly in the city into the sea, a large amount of sediment carried to the sea,
reclamation into land. Legend has it that as the Yellow River entered the sea in the city many times, there were hairy crabs naturally distributed in this area, which has a history of more than a thousand years. At that time, the coastline has been pushed eastward to Lijin County, Luojia house, the old master temple to Kenli County, Jianlin, the next town line.
Since 1855 (Qing Xianfeng five years) the Yellow River by the steel tile compartment breaks the mouth, through the Fan County Zhangqiu town, through the Canal to take the Daqing River Road back into the sea by Lijin County, more than a hundred years (1938-1947 the Yellow River by the Huaihe River into the sea) the Yellow River water with its average annual sediment content of 25.58 kg / cubic meter (Lijin Hydrological Station at the content of sediment), the Yellow River estuary annually to the loss of 1.12 billion tons of sand, the formation of the Ninghai as the apex of the sea, the Yellow River is the most important part of the Yellow River estuary. It formed the modern Yellow River delta with Ninghai as the apex, starting from Tou'er River (Tuhui River) in the west and fanning out to Nangwang River (Yangjiagou) in the south, with an average annual advancing speed of 0.3 kilometers, and an annual land creation of 23.5 square kilometers, which enlarged the delta's area year by year.
Since the Yellow River was diverted from Dongying to the sea, the Yellow River delta area began to have a large number of hairy crabs. The Yellow River is a hanging river above the ground, pollution-free, with good water quality and rich in nutrient salts, providing a good living environment for hairy crabs. The Yellow River mouth hairy crabs taste delicious, nutritious, and has a very high medicinal value, therefore, the local farmers began to cultivate hairy crabs. 1992, Kenli County nursery in the city took the lead in hairy crabs artificial nursery, success. 1994, hairy crabs artificial nursery began to large-scale production, to promote the city's hairy crab farming scale year by year to expand the culture of the production increased year by year.
The Chinese mitten crab EriocheirSinensis is the most productive freshwater crab in China, commonly known as "crab", "hairy crab", "clear water hairy crab The crab is commonly known as "crab", "hairy crab", and "clear water hairy crab". Hairy crabs are highly adaptable and widely distributed in China, from the Yalu River in Liaoning in the north to the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong in the south, and even in Hubei Shashi, which is more than 1,000 kilometers away from the ocean, you can find its footprints. Hairy crab as a delicacy, since ancient times is highly favored by people. Li Shizhen of the Ming Dynasty praised the crab, "Fresh crab and ginger vinegar, urge to wine, chewing yellow holding ao, slightly appreciate the flavor." Qing Dynasty Li Yu even said that the crab: "has created the color, aroma and taste of the three extremes, there is no other thing that can be on it." Therefore, it is known as "crabs on the seat of the hundred flavors of light". Crabs are rich in nutrients, containing a variety of vitamins, including vitamin A is higher than other terrestrial and aquatic animals, vitamin B2 is 5-6 times the meat, 6-10 times higher than fish, 2-3 times higher than eggs. The content of vitamin B1 and phosphorus is 6-10 times higher than that of general fish. Every 100 grams of edible part of crab contains 17.5 grams of protein, 2.8 grams of fat, 182 milligrams of phosphorus, 126 milligrams of calcium, 2.8 milligrams of iron. In addition to rich in calcium, crab shell also contains crab red pigment, crab yellow pigment.
The hairy crab is not only a delicacy in the food, as a medicinal also has a miraculous effect. Gleanings from the Materia Medica says, "Its function is not only to disperse, but also to harmonize with the blood." According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: crab has a tendon relief, stomach digestion, through the meridians, scattered heat, the efficacy of blood. Crab meat is salty and cold, with heat, bruises, nourishing Yin
The function of the treatment of bruises, tendon injuries and fractures, allergic dermatitis. Crab shell calcined ash, mixed with honey, can be applied externally to treat wasp stings or other anonymous swollen venom. Crab meat has good curative effect on all kinds of cancer. At the same time, it is a natural tonic for children, and regular consumption can supplement the children's body essential trace elements. Modern research has found that crab shells contain a substance - chitin, chitin can be extracted from a substance known as ACOS-6, which has a low-toxicity immune-activating properties, animal experiments have proved that the substance can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.
Production technology requirements
(1) the choice of origin and special content provisions: the production base should be selected in non-polluting and ecological conditions in good areas. Base selection should be away from industrial and mining areas and highway and railroad trunk lines, avoiding the impact of industrial and urban pollution sources, while the production base should have sustainable production capacity. It meets the requirements of NY5051-2001 "Harmless Food Freshwater Aquaculture Water Quality".
(2) Species Selection and Specific Requirements: Yellow River Mouth hairy crabs.
(3) Management of the production process, including special regulations on the use of agricultural inputs: Implementation of the provisions of Shandong Province's local standard DB37/T675-2007 "Technical Specification for Breeding of Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab (Chinese Mitten Crab), a Geographical Indication Product".
(4) Product Harvesting: The growth period of Dongying Huanghekou hairy crabs is 15-18 months, and male crabs can be harvested when they reach 150g and female crabs can be harvested when they reach more than 125g.
(5) Production record requirements: Dongying Huanghekou hairy crabs take traceability number. The numbering is based on the unit of the production enterprise, and the unique code is given as the enterprise number. Each base records the whole production process, including the production process of seedling, button crab cultivation, adult crab breeding, etc. for future inquiry.
Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations
(1) External characteristics:
Huanghekou hairy crabs are divided into special grade, first grade and second grade according to individual weight. Countable indexes shall conform to the provisions of Table 1.
Table 1 countable indexes of commercial crabs
Item individual body weight (g) deformity rate (%) damage rate (%)
Special-grade male crabs ≥175≤2≤5
female crabs ≥125
First-grade male crabs 125～175
female crabs 100～125
Second-grade male crabs 100～125
Female crab 75-100
(2) Sensory requirements and physical and chemical indicators: the Yellow River estuary hairy crabs have obvious regional characteristics in appearance, with a light green or tawny dorsal armor, a silvery-white abdomen, and basically no water rust spots. Adult crabs have dense brownish-brown velvet on the chelicerae, and the bristles on the footsteps are golden yellow. The long segment of the second pedipalp exceeds the position of the eye, and the notch between the frontal teeth is deeper and more pronounced.
From mid-October to mid-November, the physical and chemical indexes of the commercial crab body should be in accordance with the provisions of Table 2.
Table 2 Physicochemical indexes of commercial crabs
Item male crab female crab
Crude protein/(%)≥12.416.6
Crude fat/(%)≥6.113.8
Ash/(%)≤2.01.45
Moisture/(%)≤74.664.1
(3) Safety Requirements: The environment of Dongying Huanghekou hairy crab's place of origin conforms to GB/T18407.4-2001 "Environmental Requirements for the Place of Origin of Harmless Aquatic Products of Agricultural Product Safety and Quality".
Dongying Huanghekou hairy crab products comply with GB18406.4-2001 "Safety Requirements for Pollution-free Aquatic Products of Safe Quality of Agricultural Products".
Packaging and labeling and other related regulations
(1) Labeling: the labeling of the sales package must comply with the provisions of GB7718, and should at least include: product name, specifications, grade, product standard code, net content, the name and address of the producer or distributor, the date of production, and shelf life.
(2) packaging: any packaging should be filled with solid, packaging containers should have air holes. Packaging should be non-toxic and harmless. Packaging should indicate the "Yellow River mouth hairy crab" geographical indication of agricultural products.
(3) Transportation: air transport should be pre-temperature, packaging method in accordance with the provisions of civil aviation cargo transportation. Any means of transportation, should be dehydrated and moisturized shipment.
(4) storage: storage containers and places should be protected from contamination by toxic and hazardous substances.