Cultivation techniques Sugarcane seedlings and ratoon fields are sown directly without seeds. There are many sources of sugarcane seedlings, mainly sugarcane stems, because buds will grow on sugarcane nodes. The method is to take the whole sugarcane stem, cut it into two-bud seedling segments, and then plant it horizontally or obliquely. Recently, in order to save labor, the whole plant has also been planted flat. When the labor force is sufficient in the early stage, it is advisable to use two double-bud seedlings or three-bud seedlings at the top of the raw material stem to be harvested. This method can only be used for spring sowing or first post. Others include tillering seedlings and various lateral buds. In addition, the perennial root method can also be used, that is, when harvesting raw sugarcane, the sugarcane head is not dug, and the roots can be cut and drained for fertilization after harvesting. The growth period of sugarcane in planting period is mainly influenced by temperate varieties, which is about 14 ~ 18 months in Taiwan Province province, but the ratoon can be shortened to 12 months. Sugarcane with insufficient growth period not only has low yield, but also low sugar content. Autumn planting sugarcane is in August and September, and spring planting sugarcane is in February and March. Because sugar production starts from 1 1 month to April of the following year, autumn planting sugarcane has enough growth period, while spring planting sugarcane needs to be delayed to cooperate. It is a pity that the intercropping of young sugarcane grows slowly and the land is not fully utilized. At this time, other short-term crops can be intercropped with sugarcane seedlings, and the harvest can be completed before the sugarcane grows, thus increasing the land income. However, there is one condition to be observed, that is, intercropping crops cannot have too many adverse effects on sugarcane planting. Suitable crops are sweet potatoes, peanuts, beans, corn, tomatoes, garlic, potatoes, melon seeds and watermelons. In the rotation system, mushy sugarcane is usually newly planted in the first stage, followed by ratoons in the second or third stage, and rice in the first or second stage, and then returned to the new planting. But before the late rice harvest, the newly planted sugarcane is planted in the paste soil between rice plants, which is called paste sugarcane. Its advantage is that it will not affect the growth of rice, and it can also make sugarcane grow ahead of time, saving operating expenses such as land preparation and border construction. Intercropping with first-stage rice is called first-stage cream cane, also called spring planting cream cane. Intercropping with second-stage rice is called second-stage paste sugarcane, also called autumn planting paste sugarcane. Green manure is used to prepare sugarcane fields for new planting in autumn. Green manure can be planted in the leisure time after harvest, and plowed into the soil before planting sugarcane to supplement the organic fertilizer in the soil. Common green manure crops are hemp, sesbania and Tiger Claw bean. Diseases: bacterial leaf blight, stripe disease, bacterial leaf blight, etc. As long as you are sick, no matter what the disease is, there is no cure. I can only pull out the whole plant, burn it, and pray well, hoping it won't spread. This requires frequent inspection, early detection and quick eradication. The better control method is to cultivate disease-resistant varieties, not afraid of virus attack. Sugarcane Breeding 1887 Soltwedel in Java, J.B.Harrison and J.R.Bovell in Barbados saw that the seeds produced by sugarcane could germinate into seedlings, which opened the prelude to the history of sugarcane sexual hybrid breeding. Since then, all sugarcane producing countries have taken sexual hybridization as the main method to improve sugarcane varieties, especially interspecific hybridization, which has created many excellent varieties and laid the foundation for sugarcane breeding in the world. Java has cultivated a series of excellent varieties with large stalks, high sugar content, high yield and disease resistance after three aristocratic times, among which POJ2878 is the most famous and known as the first sugarcane king in the world. India has bred excellent varieties such as Co2 13, Co28 1 by crossing tropical species, hand-planted species and Indian species. Five species of tropical species, Indian species, wild species with big stems and China species crossed in Hawaii, USA, and bred excellent varieties such as H32-8560 and H49-5. Countries all over the world have spared no expense in sugarcane hybridization and new variety breeding, and cultivated a number of new sugarcane varieties with high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance, which has promoted the development of sugarcane industry in various countries. Since 1953 established the hybrid breeding farm in Hainan, Chinese mainland sugarcane research institutes have successively carried out the breeding and research of new sugarcane varieties, and so far more than 100 sugarcane varieties have been bred for production, which has promoted the development of sugarcane industry in China. Such as Guangdong sugar 57-423 and 86-368, Guangxi sugar 1 1 and Guangxi sugar 15, Fujian sugar 70-6 1 1, Yunnan sugar 7 1-388 and 89-. The five largest varieties from 1998 to 1999 in China are Guitang1,Xintai Sugar 10, San Xuan, Yuetang 63-237 and Xintai Sugar 16, accounting for 20% respectively. Sugarcane breeding needs sexual hybridization, while reproduction is asexual reproduction. Every sugarcane in the variety is the same genotype, and it is very consistent unless there is unexpected mutation. At present, most of the varieties bred in the world are the hybrid offspring of 3 ~ 5 sugarcane original seeds, and then bred by interspecific hybridization and backcross, which is basically the reorganization of homogeneous genetic varieties. Therefore, sugarcane varieties are all inbreeding, with narrow genetic basis and similar blood ties, which makes it difficult to make a big breakthrough in sugarcane breeding in the past 30 years in terms of yield, sugar content and resistance. Therefore, the world sugarcane breeding community attaches great importance to the collection, research and utilization of sugarcane germplasm resources in order to expand the blood relationship, enrich the genetic basis and create breakthrough parent materials and excellent varieties. Modern medical research shows that sugarcane is rich in sugar and water, in addition, it also contains a variety of vitamins, fats, protein, organic acids, calcium, iron and other substances that are very beneficial to human metabolism. Sugarcane can not only add sweetness to food, but also provide nutrients and calories needed by human body. Contains protein, fat, sugar, calcium, phosphorus, iron, aspartic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, valine, leucine, normal amino acid, lysine, hydroxybutyric acid, glutamine, proline, tyrosine, cystine, phenylalanine, γ-aminobutyric acid and other amino acids, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glycolic acid and malic acid. Squeezed bagasse contains polysaccharide, which can inhibit Ehrlich's cancer and sarcoma in mice 180.