First, the preparation work before planting
1, dig planting ditch.
Dig planting ditches according to row spacing, the depth and width are 60-80cm respectively, and the topsoil and subsoil are separated. After digging, sprinkle a layer of wheat straw with a thickness of 10- 15cm at the bottom of the ditch, mix it with the soil, fill in the subsoil with a thickness of 10- 15cm, and then spread a layer of 5-65438+.
2, seedling renovation and disinfection.
Leave 3-4 complete buds on the scion for the grafted seedlings, and 3-4 complete buds on the rootstock for the self-rooted seedlings, and properly prune the excessively long branch roots. Soak the roots with 50 mg/kg NAA or 25 mg/kg IBA for 8- 12 hours. Spraying seedlings with 5-degree sulfur mixture for disinfection.
Second, the planting time
1 1 de1Sow in autumn from mid-late October to early February, and in spring from February to Tomb-Sweeping Day. Autumn seeds are rooted and spring seeds germinate first, so autumn seeds are better than spring seeds, but the disadvantage of autumn seeds is that the soil has not been weathered in winter. To avoid cold and drought in winter, it is necessary to strengthen rhizosphere soil cultivation and water it regularly.
Third, planting density.
The determination of grape planting density should consider variety characteristics, framework, climate factors, site conditions, cultivation habits and other factors.
Fourth, planting methods
Dig planting holes according to plant spacing, and the width depends on the size of root system. Choose sunny or cloudy planting. Planting in autumn should be shallow and deep, that is, the seedlings should be placed upright in the hole with the same depth as the original seedbed, so that the roots can be stretched and distributed evenly. When the soil is half filled, the seedlings should be gently lifted to make the roots closely connected with the soil. When the soil is flat, it should be watered and covered with 20 cm thick soil, which looks like steamed bread. The next spring, dig the soil to the roots. Planting in spring should be shallow and buried, which is beneficial to early root activity. If possible, you can use plastic film to keep warm and moisturize.
Reasons for planting grape seedlings in autumn
First, it can bear fruit early and produce early.
Grape seedlings planted in autumn need not be delayed in spring, and the germination time is 20-30 days earlier than that planted in spring. Some can blossom and bear fruit in the same year, usually in the second year, while a few grape seedlings planted in spring can bear fruit in the second year and enter the fruiting period in the third year.
Second, the planting survival rate is high.
The temperature change in autumn is smaller than that in spring, and the air and soil temperatures are higher than that in spring, which is very beneficial to wound healing and new root growth. Therefore, the survival rate of grape seedlings planted in autumn can generally reach more than 90%, which is about 20% higher than that planted in spring.
Third, planting in autumn takes more time than planting in spring.
The autumn sowing time in northern China starts from late September and ends at1early October 10, which lasts 45-50 days, which is longer than the planting period of spring sowing 15-20 days.
Fourth, it can avoid competing with crops such as grain, cotton and oil for water and fertilizer.
Autumn grape planting is carried out in the season when autumn grain, cotton, oil crops and other crops do not need watering and topdressing, which reduces the contradiction of competing with other crops for water and fertilizer, helps to meet the demand of autumn grape seedlings for water and fertilizer, and ensures the planting quality of autumn grape seedlings.