In life, it is always inevitable to be nicknamed by your parents.

Of course, when someone calls you a nickname, other than your parents, it’s most likely that you’re just a child, and no one else knows what to call you.

However, what does it mean when your sacred and mysterious nickname is called out by others in public?

Did the person who called you have sex with you? Or are you embarrassed?

Hong Mai, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty, discovered the problem: calling people by nicknames was fashionable and fashionable in the Jin Dynasty!

Hong Mai said in the seventh volume of "Rong Zhai Essays": Yan Zhenqing, a great calligrapher of the Tang Dynasty, wrote the monument to Yan Han, the distant ancestor of the Jin Dynasty, "The Monument of Yan Han, Jinghou of Xiping", which he once published. Feeling.

The inscription was written by Li Chan in the Western Jin Dynasty. Master Yan said: Yan Han was the Guanglu doctor at that time. At that time, someone wrote a letter saying that Wang Dao (Langya Wang's uncle, Wang Xizhi's uncle) was the emperor's teacher. He had a great reputation and all the officials should kneel down to him.

However, Yan Han objected: "Although the prince is important, he is still my family's Aaron."

Yan Zhenqing said that his distant ancestor was called Wang because he was the father-in-law of Director Wang. The director’s nickname is Aaron.

The "Book of Jin" written by people in the Tang Dynasty also recorded this incident, but did not include Director Wang's nickname.

Looking through "Shishuo Xinyu", it is written: Director Wang was appointed prime minister, and his official title was Sikong. At that time, a court official sighed: "People say that Aaron is superior, and Aaron himself is superior."

Master Yan's emotion now turned into Hong Mai's emotion: "Publicly calling San Gong by his nickname, Jin This is how people behave!"

Yan Han publicly called Director Wang by his nickname. Is this because the elders and the senior leaders are afraid of the younger generation being arrogant and complacent?

The old chief calls you by your nickname loudly, which is not only a sign of respect for the old man, but also a sign of mutual reliance. What the chief calls this is politics, and you have to be a green onion to be qualified.

Power is, after all, an addictive drug!

However, Hong Mai did discover from a different perspective than ordinary people: People in the Wei and Jin Dynasties loved to call people by nicknames!

Look at the books written by Jin people, it’s really true! Whenever I disagree, I call someone by their nickname.

This is a story about Xie An, a politician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the commander-in-chief of the Battle of Feishui, discussing poetry with his nephew and daughter.

One day, it was cold and snowing heavily. Xie An's metaphor of discussing snow with his juniors. My nephew Hu'er said: It's like salt sprinkled in the air, and my daughter said it's like catkins flying in the wind.

Hu'er is Xie Lang's nickname.

In "Shi Shuo", he was called "Hu'er" and "Hu'er" non-stop.

You are also the leader of a city, so don’t call people by their nicknames like that, okay? No wonder I'm embarrassed.

Hu'er, what do you mean?

In the words of Jin people, it has two meanings: one is the children of the Hu people; the other is the little miscellaneous hair.

The Jin Dynasty brought chaos to China. After Yongjia, the Jin people crossed to the south. Every time the Han people looked north to the Central Plains, they lamented.

On the one hand, I feel ashamed when I leave my country to others; on the other hand, I look at the Central Plains and feel angry. This is the time when the word Zhongyuan is used most frequently in this state.

In this sense, the nickname Hu'er reminds people of too many things.

Although Hu'er is not a good name, it is popular for a while.

Tao Kan, the prefect of Wuchang in Yongjia, and his tenth son Tao Fan were the magistrate of Wucheng County. "Tao Hunu is Wu Chengling, Hunu, Tao Fan's diminutive character."

Tao Fan, also known as Dao Ze, is the most famous among Tao Kan's disciples. He successively served as minister, secretary and supervisor.

Hu Nu, this is not a good name either.

Lu Nu, Jiang Zhi’s nickname. "Book of Jin An Di Ji" records: Zhongkai, named Zhongkai, was born in Jiyang. Both his ancestors and father were well-known for their righteousness.

Yu Jiaxi, a bibliographer and language expert in the late Qing Dynasty, explained in his "Shi Shuo Xin Yu Jian Shu": Huang Tingjian of the Northern Song Dynasty once verified that Jianglu slaves were actually "Jianglu slaves". "It's a diminutive to use slaves as slaves, which means they are cheap and easy to grow up."

This is what the common people say about relying on one's reputation to make a living.

It’s also a nickname and a folk custom!

Among the descendants of the Xie An family, a prominent family in the Jin Dynasty, in addition to the nickname Hu Nu, there were also others named Feng Nu, Jie Nu, and Mo Nu.

Feng, Jie, and Mo are the main names of the Hu people in China during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Lu Guimeng of the Tang Dynasty once wrote: "Jie, the nickname of Xie Xuan. Mo, the nickname of Xie Chuan."

In the traditional cultural system of this country, the name was originally used to indicate the person. Family and origin are important factors.

What shows off to others is actually the nobles’ first names, while nicknames must be down-to-earth and folk-custom.

In "Zuo Zhuan", Duke Xian of Jin was nicknamed Hui. The scorpion is a scorpion, an insect with five poisons and tenacious vitality.

Of course, Zheng Zhuanggong's nickname was "Wansheng" because his mother didn't like it because of the difficulty in giving birth, so she gave him the nickname "Weisheng".

Duke Huan of Zhou was nicknamed "Black Shoulder", Duke Cheng of Jin was nicknamed "Black Butt", Duke Wen of Jin was nicknamed "Chong'er", none of them sounded good.

At that time, nicknames did not differentiate between men and women. Boys and girls alike all have nicknames that they are particularly embarrassed to call.

The nickname of Lu Pheasant, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, was "Eshen". "Shen" means an old woman, which is a beautiful little old lady. The maternal grandmother of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was nicknamed "Zang'er", and Zang was the ancient name for a slave.

The nickname of Princess Shouchang of the Tang Dynasty is "Chong Niang", which is unspeakably ugly.

In the turbulent years, even if you are born into an imperial family, it is inevitable that the military will be ruthless. It is acceptable for princes, emperors and grandchildren to have a bad name.

However, in the peaceful world, not to mention the expectations of the poor, the mentality of the emperors is no different from that of ordinary people.

Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty’s nickname was Pig. Pig was a pig. In the Qing Dynasty, the Aixinjueluo family often had such names for pigs and dogs.

Nicknames began in the Zhou Dynasty in the ancient three dynasties, flourished in the Han Dynasty, and flourished in the Six Dynasties. There were 24 emperors in the Southern Dynasties for 170 years, of which 20 emperors left nicknames in official history, accounting for most of the history. most.

This phenomenon is unique in the history of emperors. It can be inferred that during the Six Dynasties, the public use of nicknames was popular.

"Jinnu" is the nickname of Liu Yu, Emperor Wu of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty, and "Buddhism" is the nickname of Tuoba Tao, Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty?

This is especially true for prominent families in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Thus began the life of a minor celebrity.

The Langya Wang family is the top noble family in the country, and is the first of the four most prosperous families in the Jin Dynasty, "Wang Xie Yuan Xiao". The nicknames of the Wang family were exposed by the paparazzi at that time.

Wang Dao written by Hong Mai was the uncle of the calligrapher Wang Xizhi and the prime minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His eldest son, Wang Shao, was nicknamed "Da Nu". The youngest son, Wang Hui, is nicknamed "Xiao Nu".

Wang Xun, the grandson of Wang Dao and nephew of Wang Xizhitang, was nicknamed Fahu, also known as "Aju" (苽, wild rice). Wang Xizhi's son Wang Xianzhi's nickname is "Guan Nu"

Wang Youjun's nephews Wang Pengzhi and Wang Biaozhi are nicknamed Hu Dou and Hu Da respectively.

In the Jin Dynasty temples, calling people by nicknames was very popular, and the emperors took the lead in calling the kings by their nicknames.

No matter how much the emperor loves Sima You, the King of Qi Xian, he won’t call him by his pet name, right? But the emperor doesn't care about those workers.

And the common people also shouted the nickname of the court official. "Book of Jin·Biography Thirty-Five" writes: Wang Xun and Xie An had a feud. When Xie An passed away, Xun paid tribute to Xie An. Brother Wang Xianzhi said: Everyone is watching over you! "So he went straight forward and cried deeply." Dharma protector, Wang Xun's nickname.

People at the time made up a sentence: "If the Dharma protector is not bad, it is hard for a monk to be a brother." Sengmi is another person's nickname

At this time, the nicknames of celebrities really let the common people play. No matter how noble your background is, it is inevitable for you to be free from vulgarity.

Hong Mai seems not to have done deep research on this. Cheng Yanzhen, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, paid attention to the discussion in "Rong Zhai Essays" about Jin people using nicknames indiscriminately, and thought that Hong Mai "seems to have not been tested."

Yu Jiaxi also believes that: Jin Dynasty nicknames People's nicknames are very casual, commonplace, and not meant to be sensationalized.

However, nicknames are not something that anyone can shout out if they want.

In the Three Kingdoms period, Xu You lost his head because he used to call his nickname indiscriminately regardless of the occasion.

The first book written by Cao Cao in this country, "Wei Lue", is a contemporary history privately written by Yu Huan, a doctor in the Wei Dynasty.

"Wei Lue" says: Originally, Xu You, a native of Nanyang, was childhood friends with Yuan Shao and Cao Cao when he was young.

During the Chuping period of the Han Dynasty, Xu was in Yuan Shao's camp. Before the Battle of Guandu, Xu Li advised Yuan Shao not to fall out with Cao Cao. Yuan refused to listen, so Xu You abandoned the dark side and went straight to Cao Ying to report secretly.

It was Xu You's credit that Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao and captured Jizhou. However, Xu You forgot his identity while practicing his skills.

One time when he was drunk, Xu You shouted out Cao Cao’s nickname, Ah Ma, during the banquet, saying: "Where would Jizhou come from without me?" Cao Cao smiled and replied: "You are right!" But in his heart But the murderous intention is already pregnant.

Is the nickname of the leader just given by a counselor of yours? The cunning rabbit dies and the lackeys cook, killing people who confuse their worth in this way.

For Chinese people, a name is really an identity, but a nickname has to be discussed separately.

In ancient times, babies in this country had to "become famous" within a hundred days from the day they were born. During this period, the elders had to give the child a nickname.

"Ming Yan" is a nickname, which refers to the nobility.

According to the tradition of this country, the importance placed on names cannot be overemphasized.

Peers are not allowed to call each other random names. Choosing a name is a particularly solemn ceremony in the coming-of-age ceremony.

Many families give their children a nickname first so that they can be called by the family and close people.

As for the civilian class, how can there be any naming ceremony? The nickname given to a commoner as a child is often the name given to him as an adult.

Regarding nicknames, there are sporadic records in historical books such as "Zuo Zhuan" and "Warring States Policy", but most public nicknames are "Shirenyu", which is "common saying".

Volume 2 of "Miscellaneous Notes of Xijing" of the Han Dynasty: Kuang Heng, courtesy name Zhigui, was diligent in his studies but without a candle. The neighbor has a candle, and the candle sticks through the wall to draw light for reading. "People at that time said: 'If you don't say "Poetry", Kuang Ding will come.' Ding is also a nickname for Heng. "

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, dynasties were iterated, and prophecies were rampant. Folk songs and sayings carry various political interests and are often used as "little name" articles.

"Three Kingdoms·Wang Ling Biography" quoted the story from "Wei Lue": Wang Ling sought to support the King of Chu because "there are rumors: 'The white horse is galloping to the southwest, whoever rides it is riding the Zhuhu Cavalry'" .'The king of Chu's nickname is Zhu Hu."

Of course, the history books are not all prophecies and myths. There are large-scale and unreasonable use of other people's nicknames, marriages between wealthy families, social customs, and even bragging about connections.

For example, Hong Mai wrote that Wang Dao was the son-in-law of the Yan family. This situation can also be found in the history books of the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

In the Jin Dynasty, "scholars and commoners did not marry." There were various political marriages between the rich and powerful, and the relationship between the son-in-law, the brother-in-law, etc. was not strong enough if they were not called by their nicknames.

The phenomenon of people calling each other nicknames during the Wei and Jin Dynasties is a bit like the people in the Tang Dynasty calling each other names.

Calling each other by nickname is so popular that even those who write epitaphs on tombstones will write their nicknames.

"Book of Jin·Biography of Lu Ji" has Wu Shijian's annotation: "The inscription on Xun Yue's tomb says: 'Yue's courtesy name is Yu Bo, his diminutive is a different surname, and he is the first son of the king of Leping Prefecture.'"

Is a nickname so important that it is written on the tombstone and still called "different surname"? It was a fashion at the time, but now it seems like a joke.

This is an era with many strange things. Gao Tao has passed away and the business is prosperous, all of which are at the peak of the country.

How could a nickname be included in such an extreme event? Nicknames, with their unprecedented and perfect interpretation of people's social attributes.