MSC (Marine Management Committee) is an international non-profit organization, which aims to promote and reward responsible marine resources management and establish a set of resource-independent certification standards for sustainable and well-managed fisheries.
MSC COC aquatic product certification is a supply chain certification project initiated by MSC, aiming at good management of marine fisheries and processed aquatic products. Certified aquatic products can use MSC logo.
Objectives of the Master of Science:
Protect the future fishery supply of the world and encourage the sustainable development of marine fishery.
Establish cooperative relations with various stakeholders: including aquatic fishermen, retailers, consumers and resource protectors;
Explain with obvious signs on the product label:
Fishing comes from a good marine environment.
This product can be continuously captured.
Three principles of MSC standard:
The principle that fishing must abide by is that overfishing is not allowed and fishing is based on sustainable development.
Management should follow the principle of ensuring the maintenance of fishery ecosystem, productivity and species diversity (including growing environment and multi-species coexistence).
Fishery follows the principle of effective management system and abides by corresponding local, national and international laws and standards to ensure the sustainable development of resources.
Many aquatic products have obtained MSC certification: Western Australian lobster, Thames herring, Alaska salmon, South African cod and so on. Supermarkets and catering institutions in many countries in Europe and America are actively introducing MSC certified aquatic products.
To sum up, people are paying more and more attention to the marine environment, and sustainable development has become a global hotspot. MSC certification conforms to this historical trend!
First, the output and per capita possession of aquatic products in the world and China.
In recent 20 years, the total output of aquatic products in the world has maintained a low-speed and sustained growth, from about 90 million tons in the early 1980s to 2001.305438+000 million tons; The output of aquatic products in China maintained a high growth momentum, with 200 1 (FAO200 1 annual report) reaching 44.06 million tons, accounting for 32.46% of the world's aquatic products output, 5.3 times that of Peru, the second place, and the highest annual output in China's history. In particular, the output of aquaculture has accounted for more than 70% of the total output of aquaculture in the world;
In 200 1 year, the per capita possession of aquatic products in the world is less than 20 kg; In 2002, the per capita consumption of aquatic products in China reached 33.8 kg, exceeding the world's per capita consumption, but the per capita consumption was still very low, less than 13 kg. Compared with the big consuming countries of aquatic products, the per capita consumption of aquatic products in China is still very limited. For example, the per capita consumption in Japan 1986 has reached 92kg. The per capita output of aquatic products in China is 200 1 year, 440632 16 tons, 130207388 tons, 33. 1 kg, and in 2002, it was 45868909 tons,1329899 tons. Secondly, the present situation and development prospect of domestic aquatic products are predicted.
Because of its nutritional and medicinal value, aquatic products are gradually recognized by people, which makes its market and consumer groups gradually expand and the demand increases year by year. Although the price of domestic bulk aquatic products has steadily decreased in recent years due to the substantial increase in output, it is only a structural and regional surplus, and the total consumption still shows a substantial growth momentum. The demand for high-grade aquatic products has risen sharply, and prices have risen sharply. It is expected that this development momentum will be maintained for a long time. After nearly 20 years of development of aquatic products market, the circulation of aquatic products in China presents the following pattern:
(1) The wholesale market system has been gradually improved and become the main channel for the circulation of aquatic products.
In recent years, China's aquatic products wholesale trade has developed rapidly, and the construction of aquatic products wholesale market has also been rapid. Except for major coastal port cities, most large and medium-sized cities have successively established aquatic products wholesale markets suitable for local characteristics. There are 333 specialized aquatic products wholesale markets in China, including three specialized wholesale markets 13 designated by the Ministry of Agriculture. These wholesale markets integrate refrigeration, transportation, wholesale and retail, which have played a positive role in promoting the prosperity of aquatic products market.
In addition, the construction of aquatic product market information networks is also very rapid, such as the national aquatic product management information network, the coastal state-owned marine fishing information network, the aquatic product information network of major cities in the Yangtze River basin, the aquatic product information network of 14 large and medium-sized cities, and the national aquatic product information network, which greatly promoted the information exchange of aquatic products market and expanded product sales.
The retail trade of aquatic products is active, which complements the wholesale trade.
In addition to state-owned grocery stores, individual aquatic products stores and direct sales of production enterprises, the retail of aquatic products in China is mainly in urban and rural markets all over the country. From 65438 to 0998, the urban and rural markets grew to more than 90,000, including 24,000 in cities and 65,000 in rural areas. The total transaction volume is 149 10000 tons, and the transaction volume is165.9 billion yuan, which plays a good supplementary role in the wholesale trade of aquatic products and is convenient for consumers.
(3) The regional aquatic product market has yet to be developed and has great potential.
Sichuan, Chongqing and Hubei provinces and one city are the traditional main producing and selling areas of aquatic products, especially the sales of fresh water aquatic products have been very large. These areas are famous for eating fish, and their eating methods are diverse and unique. In 2002, the output of Sichuan was 650,000 tons, that of Chongqing was 2 1 10,000 tons, and that of Hubei was 2.72 million tons. More than 80% of these products are sold locally, concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, and only a few products are sold abroad. The above two provinces and one city have a large population, totaling 654.38+0.5 billion, and the per capita possession of aquatic products is less than 25 kg, far below the national average. If we want to reach the national average level (36.05 kg) in 2002, there is still room for development of 6,543,800 tons. If the rural market continues to develop and the surrounding markets continue to expand, and considering the population growth factor, the production space will be even larger.
(4) The central and western regions and inland rural markets have great potential.
Due to the problems of regional resources, traditional consumption habits and consumption level, the aquatic products market in the central and western regions and inland rural areas of China is very underdeveloped, and the per capita possession and consumption of aquatic products are very limited. At present, the per capita consumption of fish and shrimp in rural areas in China is only about 4 kilograms, less than one third of that in cities and towns. With the development of China's agriculture and rural economy, the consumption level of farmers will gradually increase, and the rural aquatic products market will further develop. If more than 900 million farmers reach the annual per capita consumption of 10 kg of aquatic products, there will be more than 5 million tons of consumption space.
What should I do if the pond water quality gets worse?
Raise water before raising fish. Water is the environment for fish to live. Better water quality can reduce the occurrence of fish diseases and is more conducive to the growth and survival of fish. In actual production, water quality can often be judged by the change of water color, ammonia nitrogen content and sediment color.
1. The reddening of the water in the red pond is mainly caused by dinoflagellate or Chrysophyte becoming the dominant population, which is usually not serious. However, once the weather changes suddenly, causing a large number of algae to die, it will produce toxins, lead to the deterioration of water bodies, and even directly lead to the death of fish poisoning. So once the pool water turns red, it must be improved in time. When the weather is clear, spray disinfection with Sijian or quaternary ammonium salt iodine first, then spray molecular oxygen and strong chlorine essence 1 time the next day, and topdressing 1 time after three days according to the situation.
2. Black water When the pond water is black, it means that many organic substances in the pond have not been transformed in time, such as residual bait, animal residues, excrement and humus at the bottom of the pond. After these substances are corrupted, they consume a lot of dissolved oxygen and easily produce harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite. Harm the health of aquatic animals, reduce immunity, lead to pathogenic microorganism infection, and even cause fish flooding. Once this kind of black water is found, chlorine-containing drugs such as chlorine dioxide are applied 1 time from 1 day to the next day to oxidize excessive organic matter. After 3 days, spray it with Baifeng Vitality Water Purifying Wang Quanchi 1 time.
3. White turbid water When the pond water is white turbid, it means that there are too many organic oxygen-consuming substances in the pond. Relatively speaking, there are fewer microorganisms that decompose large organic matter into nutrients, which leads to a large number of phytoplankton deaths due to lack of nutrients, thus destroying the material circulation in the pond and making the pond water close to aging and seriously deficient in oxygen. Generally, the fish in this pond tend to float from dawn to dawn before sunrise. When the water in the pond is found to be white and turbid, the "Shuibao Aerobic Bag" is applied on 1 day to make the organic matter oxidized in time after flocculation. The next day, Baifengshuibao/KLOC-0 was applied to the whole pond once to increase the active microorganisms in the pond and promote the material circulation of the water body.
4. Water with high ammonia nitrogen content is fed with high-protein feed, cold meat or intensive fish ponds that feed on live fish, such as crab ponds, shrimp ponds, snakehead ponds and mandarin fish ponds. If more high-protein bait is put into the usual aquaculture management, the ammonia nitrogen content in the metabolites will be too high, which will affect the feeding growth of aquatic animals, reduce their immunity and easily cause infection by parasites or pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, in intensive ponds with high protein feed, cold meat or live fish, ammonia net or bottom net should be applied every 10 day to degrade ammonia nitrogen in time. If the ammonia nitrogen content in the pond water is found to be seriously exceeding the standard through water quality testing, ammonia net and oxygen treasure should be applied to the pond in time, and fertilizer and water treasure should be sprinkled on the third day 1 time to increase the active microorganisms in the pond, promote the reproduction and growth of plankton and enhance the material circulation ability of the water body.
5. Due to the humus deposition in the pond water, animal residues, bait and feces are decomposed after sinking into the bottom of the pond, which makes the pond bottom mud black and smelly, thus easily producing harmful substances such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and nitrite, which is likely to pose a threat to aquatic animals living in the middle and lower layers, such as crucian carp, grass carp, herring, crab, shrimp and mandarin fish. When the situation is serious, aquatic animals in the middle and lower layers of the pond often float in the middle and upper layers and are unwilling to go to the normal water layer. If this happens, apply Baifeng Aquatic Products Bao 1 time every 18 days to 15 days, so as to increase beneficial microorganisms, accelerate the transformation of organic matter or humus sinking into the bottom of the pond, and avoid the generation of black and odorous sediment and harmful substances such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and nitrite. It is found that the pond sediment is black and the water stinks, so the water should be changed immediately. After changing the water, apply active water purification king on the first day 1 day, and apply quick-acting fertilizer and water treasure on the second day to adjust the water quality.
Three. Forecast on the Current Situation and Development Prospect of International Aquatic Products Market; Eel farming in the world is mainly distributed in Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province Province, Japan and South Korea. In recent years, the total output has basically stabilized at about 230,000 tons, and the annual output of aquaculture in Chinese mainland accounts for more than 70% of the world's annual output. The world eel export volume is about13-140,000 tons, of which: Chinese mainland is about10-100,000 tons, Taiwan Province Province of China is 1.5-20,000 tons, and Europe is/kloc.
The international market of eel is mainly concentrated in Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong and Macao, Southeast Asia, the United States and Canada. The annual sales volume in Japan is13-140,000 tons, of which11-0/20,000 tons are imported, and the market is basically stable; The annual sales volume in the Korean market is about 654.38+0-654.38+0.3 million tons, which shows an upward trend year by year and has certain development potential. The annual sales volume in the European market is around 20,000 tons, and there is still room for development. The annual sales volume of baked eel 1000 tons and live eel over 3000 tons in Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia markets, which has certain development space; The United States and Canada sold 2000-4000 tons of roasted eel last year, which needs to be discovered. The annual sales volume of live eels in China is 30,000-40,000 tons, and the per capita consumption is less than 30 grams, while the per capita annual consumption in Taiwan Province Province of China is 60 grams, while that in Japan is as high as 1 000 grams, which shows that the domestic eel market is still very large. Due to the shortage of resources, the supply of traditional fillets such as cod, herring and sole is obviously insufficient in the international market, while tilapia has become the first choice and the most active trade object of aquatic products in the international market because of its characteristics of no intermuscular spines, easy reproduction and breeding, and suitability for processing. From 65438 to 0998, the export volume of tilapia in China was only 473 tons; 200 1 increased to 13590 tons, and soared to 32000 tons in 2002. The demand for tilapia in the American market is still growing.
Shrimp and its processed products The trade volume of shrimp and its processed products accounts for 20% of the world aquatic products trade volume. The export of shrimp in the world mainly depends on its aquaculture industry. In 2000, the total amount of global aquaculture was over 800,000 tons. 220,000 tons in Thailand and 2 1 10,000 tons in China. China's shrimp export has obvious price advantage, because the production cost is relatively low. Mussels, scallops, oysters, clams, etc. )
199 The world shellfish trade volume was 475,000 tons, of which China accounted for 26% (122,000 tons), followed by the Netherlands (50,000 tons). Japan and France are major importers, and 1999 France imported 67,000 tons. In 2002, China exported 69,000 tons and earned 65,438 US dollars+0./kloc-0./billion US dollars. China's shellfish production ranks first in the world, with abundant supply, low production cost, low price and obvious export price advantage. However, due to the serious pollution in China's sea areas, there are some problems in product quality. In 2002, the export volume of Cephalopods in China was 377,000 tons and the export value was 770 million US dollars. Among them, processing trade accounts for 45%, and general trade accounts for 55%. Cephalopods are mainly resource products, and nearly 100% is fishing yield.
Due to the problem of domestic resources, the fish fillets exported from China are mainly processed with imported materials, mainly cod. China and Japan are the largest importers of fishmeal in the world. 1999 imports 630,000 tons, amounting to 370 million US dollars; In 2002, the import volume increased to 958,000 tons.
In addition, the demand for freshwater crayfish in EU market, river crabs in Southeast Asia market and surimi and its products in Japan and Southeast Asia market is also increasing day by day.
The export trade of aquatic products in China mainly includes:
(1) The problem of drug residues has become the primary problem that restricts the export of aquatic products in China, and it is also the main reason that restricts the export of aquatic products in China internationally.
(2) The degree of internationalization of aquatic products trade in China is low. In 2000, the international trade volume of aquatic products was US$ 55.2 billion, with China accounting for only 7%.
(3) The export market is too concentrated. Although China's aquatic products are exported to more than 100 countries and regions, the total exports to Japan, the United States, South Korea and the European Union account for 85% of the total exports.
(4) Unreasonable export structure and insufficient product diversification. The export products are mainly eels, prawns, low-value frozen fish and chilled fish.
(5) The contradiction between seasonal production of aquatic products and balanced demand in the international market is prominent.
(6) The degree of industry organization is low, and vicious competition has not been well solved.
From a global perspective, the characteristics of fishery production and aquatic products determine that it is not concentrated in developing countries with low industrialization. China is a big fishing country in the world, and the total production and consumption of aquatic products occupy an absolute advantage among all fishing countries in the world. In particular, China's aquaculture production accounts for more than 70% of the world's aquaculture production, and the aquaculture waters and fishery labor resources are very rich, with low production costs. It has obvious price advantages in the international aquatic products market and great advantages in continuing to develop the import and export trade of aquatic products.
Fourth, the deep processing market of aquatic products has great development potential.
The processing and comprehensive utilization of aquatic products is the continuation of fishery production. Vigorously developing the processing and comprehensive utilization of aquatic products plays an important role in supporting the development of aquaculture, which not only improves the added value of fishery resources, but also expands the development space for fishery-related industries and provides a development path for fishermen's employment.
China has been able to produce hundreds of processed aquatic products, such as roasted eel, surimi products, traditional smoked products and waste products. According to FAO statistics, since the 1970s, about 75% of the world's aquatic products have been processed and sold, while China's current processing ratio only accounts for about 30% of the total output, and its freshwater aquatic products processing ratio is even lower. Among the freshwater products that account for more than 60% of the total aquatic products in China, the processing ratio is less than 5%, while the fresh sales ratio is as high as 95%.
After aquatic products are processed and put on the market, they can be recycled centrally to reduce environmental pollution; At the same time, it also increases the rapidity, convenience, multi-flavor, diversity and personalization of aquatic products. In addition, aquatic products have some specific functional functions. Today's research found that there are more than 2000 kinds of bioactive substances in aquatic products, which are raw materials for processing health food, functional food and medicine. Through processing, a lot of raw materials of aquatic products can be consumed, thus providing development space for aquaculture production and the increase of aquatic products output.
Five, adjust the structure of breeding varieties to meet the domestic and international market demand.
At present, there are not many varieties suitable for export processing in the variety structure of freshwater aquaculture products in China. In 2002190,000 tons of freshwater products, silver carp, bighead carp and carp accounted for more than 7.3 million tons, accounting for more than 38%. However, the output of tilapia and channel catfish, which are in great demand in the international market and suitable for processing and export, is less than 80 thousand tons, and there is still a big one. In addition, Jiangtuan, Spinibarbus Spinibarbus, Siniperca chuatsi, Carassius auratus, Eriocheir sinensis, freshwater crayfish, whitebait, pond fish, herring, fragrant fish and many cold-water fish also have certain development potential in the domestic market and Southeast Asian market. Therefore, adjusting the structure of breeding varieties and vigorously developing the breeding production of marketable varieties can be described as a broad market prospect.
In marine aquaculture, expanding the scale of fish and shellfish, improving the degree of industrialization and product quality will continuously expand the domestic and international market space.