Hakka
Hakka ancestors living in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi came from the Central Plains. It was because of the large-scale direct migration from the Central Plains in the past dynasties, or moved in, or lived in official positions, relegation, business and other reasons. Their ancestors migrated in the following periods: (1) The Qin and Han Dynasties unified China, and the Central Plains immigrants began to move south.
1, in the 25th year of Qin Shihuang (222 BC), Qin Jun 600,000 destroyed Chu, the "king of conquering hundreds of places in the south", and Qin Jun, who gathered the water of Yugan, set up Minzhong County in 22 1 BC, that is, divided his troops and went south, and entered Jieling from the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, that is, Jieyang Mountain, now 150 miles north of Jieyang County, and reached Xingning and Haifeng directly.
2. In the thirty-third year of Qin Shihuang, 500,000 people guarded the Five Ridges, that is, Zhao Tuo "defended the Yue with his soldiers". From this point of view, there are two Qin Jun garrisons on the border of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi, one is the border of Nanye, and the other is Jieling.
3. In the thirty-fourth year of Qin Shihuang, Zhao Tuo built a city in Erli, across the river, to control the martial waters, and built a city of ten thousand people in Zhongshu Mountain. Zhao Tuo built a city in Longchuan again. The number of these builders is unknown, but those who migrated to the northern border counties during the same period can be tested, ranging from 30 thousand to 50 thousand.
4. In the thirty-sixth year of Qin Shihuang, it was estimated that the immigrants stationed by Qin in Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi accounted for more than one third of the local population.
5. In the fifth year of Emperor Yuan Ding of the Han Dynasty (1 15 BC), a large number of soldiers from the Central Plains were stationed in the south of Lingnan, and they were stationed in counties and military centers.
6. In the first year of the Han Dynasty (BC 1 10), all the people from Fujian and Jieyang (Chaogu and Meigu were the places where Fujian and Vietnam crossed) moved away, leaving only the descendants of the immigrants from Qinzhong County. This shows that since then, the residents in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi have been mainly immigrants from the Central Plains.
(2) During the period from Jian 'an in the late Han Dynasty to Yongjia in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, people in the Central Plains took refuge, and some people moved into the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the people of the Central Plains took refuge in Jiaozhou, which once set off a climax, and the southward migration mainly came from the sea route. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, when the North and the South confronted each other, the people of the Central Plains once again moved to the south on a large scale, with a population of about 960,000. Most of them settled on both sides of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, some of them entered the south of Jiangxi, and some of them entered the border counties of Fujian and Guangdong through Ningdu and Shicheng. On the occasion of Yongjia, the gentry of the Central Plains flowed into Fujian.
(3) The Anshi Rebellion and the war disaster in the Tang Dynasty brought great disasters to the people, and a large number of people in the Central Plains fled south.
(4) During the Huang Chao Uprising in the late Tang Dynasty, people from the Central Plains fled to Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi in large numbers. For example, Li Meng, the imperial clan, moved from Chang 'an to Bianliang and then moved to Gubi Township, Ninghua, Fujian. Gushi people, Wang Xu and Wang Chao, responded to the Huang Chao Uprising and led five thousand peasant rebels from Guangzhou and Shouzhou to Jiangxi. From the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, the population of Fujian and Jiangxi provinces surged.
(5) During the Southern Song Dynasty and the end of the Song Dynasty, a large number of people from the Central Plains fled to central Guangdong and the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.
When Jian Yan crossed the south, some officials and scholars moved to Hangzhou, Xiusu, Suzhou, Changzhou and Lake, that is, Taihu Lake Basin. The other part, and most of them, followed the Emperor Tai Long along Hongzhou, Jizhou and Qianzhou, and the Emperor Tai returned to Lin 'an. These scholars did not follow the conditions of the queen mother, and they could not return to the north, so some of them crossed Dagengling in the south and entered Nanxiong, Shixing and Shaozhou. Part of it entered Tingzhou from Qianzhou. Some of them are stranded in counties in southern Jiangxi. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Yuan army went south in a big way, and a large number of Song people from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi fled from Putian to Chaoshan, the coastal area of Guangdong, to Hainan Island.
(6) In addition to the large-scale southward migration due to the above-mentioned war, the people of the Central Plains fled to the south due to drought and floods, and some officials, relegated, engaged in business and studied in the border areas of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi.
From the above historical data, Hakka ancestors mainly came from the Han nationality in the Central Plains. In the process of the formation of Hakka clan, the southern minority groups such as She, Yao, Dan and Muke have been continuously melted and absorbed, and the Hakka team has been strengthened.