The plum blossoms in the early spring are particularly bright, and the apricot blossoms after the rain are particularly fresh; Lulin thunder, butterfly dance between flowers at the vernal equinox. Qingming kite broken, Grain Rain tender tea jade companion; Mulberry fruits are like cherries in the long summer, and silkworms are cultivated in the small man. Before mango seedlings enter the palace, the summer solstice rice and flowers are like white practice; Summer breeze urges early-maturing beans, and Chi Pan enjoys red lotus in hot summer. Beginning of autumn knows how to make people fall asleep, and sunflowers smile in summer. The white dew returns to the geese, and the autumn equinox smells like osmanthus. Cold dew vegetable seedlings are green, and the first frost reed flowers are floating all over the sky; Beginning of winter reported good news, reported three rewards, and light snow and goose feathers flew in pieces. The snow is very cold, the plum blossoms are crazy in the wind, and the winter solstice is full of snow. Little cold wanderers are homesick, and they celebrate reunion at the end of the cold year.
Beginning of spring, Li, means "start"; Spring represents warmth and growth. Beginning of spring, like Changsha, beginning of autumn and beginning of winter, reflects the seasonal changes. Beginning of spring marks the end of the winter when everything is closed and begins to enter the warm and sunny spring. In the era of cadres and branches, beginning of spring is the first year, beginning of spring is the beginning of everything, and it is the meaning of all self-renewal, which means that a new cycle has begun.
Rain, which marks the beginning of rain, is very important for the growth of crops. In rainy and solar terms, the direct point of the sun is gradually approaching the equator from the southern hemisphere. At this time, the sunshine hours and intensity in the northern hemisphere are increasing, and the temperature is rising rapidly. Warm and humid air from the ocean becomes active, and gradually pushes northward to meet with cold air to form rainfall, but the rainfall level is mainly light rain or Mao Mao rain. Rainy solar terms, the northern part of China is still cloudy and cold, and it is still snowing in some places, and there is no breath of spring; Most places in the south are full of spring, with a scene of early spring.
Sting reflects the phenomenon that natural creatures germinate and grow under the influence of rhythm changes. Speaking of earthquakes, the sun's spirit rises, the temperature warms up, the spring thunder suddenly moves, the rain increases, and everything is full of vitality. Farming production is closely related to the rhythm of nature, and the shocking solar terms are of great significance in farming. Since ancient times, our people have attached great importance to this solar term and regarded it as a spring ploughing festival. It is the reflection of ancient farming culture on natural festivals.
The vernal equinox is also called "Japanese day", "day and night", "mid-spring moon" and "rising equinox". The significance of the vernal equinox, first, refers to the equal division of day and night, each of which is 12 hours; Second, the vernal equinox is in the middle of spring (from beginning of spring to long summer), and the spring is equally divided. The vernal equinox is of great significance in astronomy, and the northern and southern hemispheres are equally divided day and night. After that, the direct position of the sun continued to move from the equator to the northern hemisphere, and the days in the northern hemisphere began to be longer than the nights. The vernal equinox also has obvious characteristics in climate. It's warm, rainy and sunny at this time.
Qingming is a solar term that reflects the phenological changes in nature. At this time, the sun is shining, plants are sprouting, the air is fresh, everything is alive, and nature presents a vibrant scene. By Qingming, the climate in the south has been refreshing and warm, and the earth presents a quiet image of spring; In the northern region, the snow began to fall, and gradually entered the sunny spring.
Grain Rain, which means "Rain gives birth to a hundred valleys", has seen an obvious increase in precipitation. When seedlings have just been planted and new crops are planted in the field, rain is most needed to moisten them. As the saying goes, "Spring rain is as expensive as oil". With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive. Grain Rain, like rain, Xiao Man, light snow and heavy snow, is a solar term reflecting precipitation and ancient farming culture.
The long summer bid farewell to spring, which is the beginning of summer. After the long summer, the sunshine increases, the temperature rises gradually, the thunderstorm increases, and the crops enter a vigorous growth stage. Almanac: "The bucket refers to the southeast dimension and the long summer. Everything has grown up since then, so it is named Long Summer. "
Small full means entering the rainy season of heavy precipitation, and the rain begins to increase, and there is often a continuous and large-scale heavy precipitation. Xiaoman reflects the climate characteristics of heavy rainfall: "Xiaoman Xiaoman, the rivers are getting full". There is little or no rain in the northern region at this time. Another explanation is that summer crops such as wheat in the north began to fill, but it was only small and incomplete.
Mang seed means "food crops with awns can be planted". The book of the lunar calendar says, "The bucket refers to the awn seed. At this time, there are awn valleys to plant, and after that, it will be invalid, hence the name." This means that the solar term of canopy is suitable for planting grain crops with canopy; It is also the dividing point of the timing of planting crops, and it will be invalid after that. The folk proverb "It's no use planting awns again" tells this truth. This season, the temperature rises obviously, the rainfall is abundant and the air humidity is high, which is suitable for planting cereal crops such as late rice. Agricultural planting is bounded by the solar term "awn seed", and the survival rate of planting has become lower and lower since then. It is the reflection of ancient farming culture in festivals.
The summer solstice is the culmination of the sun's northward movement. On this day, the sun shines directly on the Tropic of Cancer, and then the point of direct sunlight moves south. On the day of summer solstice, the height of the noon sun is the highest in all parts of the northern hemisphere north of the Tropic of Cancer, and the daytime reaches the longest in a year. After the summer solstice, the height of the sun decreases day by day. However, for places south of the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere, sunshine is still increasing after the summer solstice.
Slight heat, summer heat refers to heat, slight heat refers to slight heat, not very hot. It's getting hotter, but it's not the hottest. Although light summer is not the hottest season in a year, it is followed by the hottest solar term in a year. There is a folk saying that "it is hot in summer and hot in summer, and it is steamed and cooked". Many places in China have entered the season with the most thunderstorms since summer.
Great summer refers to extreme heat. Summer heat is relatively mild and hot, and it is the clearest and hottest solar term in a year, and "damp-heat steaming" reaches its peak at this time. Climatic characteristics of summer: high temperature and scorching heat, frequent thunderstorms and typhoons. At this time, the sun is fierce, the temperature is high, the humidity is high, and there is much rain. Although it is inevitable to suffer from damp heat, it is very beneficial to the growth of crops, and crops grow fastest during this period.
Beginning of autumn, said from now on into the autumn. It is the node where the yang gradually closes and the yin gradually grows, and the yang gradually becomes cloudy. Beginning of autumn also means precipitation, humidity and so on. At the turning point of the year, there is a downward or decreasing trend; In nature, everything begins to grow from lush to mature.
Being in the heat is "out of the heat", that is, out of the heat. In summer, the direct point of the sun continues to move southward, the solar radiation weakens, the subtropical high also withdraws southward, the temperature gradually drops, and the summer heat gradually disappears. The arrival of summer means that the hot and difficult weather is over. During this period, the weather is still hot, but it has shown a downward trend.
Millennium is an important solar term, reflecting the cold growth of nature. As the weather turns cold, it is still hot in sunny days, but as soon as the sun sets, the temperature drops rapidly and the temperature difference between day and night widens. During the white dew, the summer monsoon is gradually replaced by the winter monsoon, and the cold air changes from defense to attack. In addition, when the direct point of the sun moves south, the sunshine time in the northern hemisphere becomes shorter, the light intensity weakens, and the ground radiation dissipates heat quickly, so the cooling speed gradually accelerates. The Millennium basically ended the sweltering heat in summer, and the weather gradually turned cold, and the cold gave birth to dew condensation.
The autumnal equinox means "equal share" and "equal share". On the day of the autumnal equinox, the sun shines almost directly on the equator of the earth, and the length of day and night is equal all over the world. After the autumnal equinox, the direct point of the sun continued to move from the equator to the southern hemisphere, and the days in the northern hemisphere began to shorten and the nights became longer, that is, the days in a day began to be shorter than the nights; The southern hemisphere is the opposite. After the autumnal equinox, the direct sunlight moved to the southern hemisphere, and the northern hemisphere got less and less solar radiation, but the ground lost more heat and the temperature dropped significantly. By the autumn equinox, the summer heat has disappeared and the weather has turned cold.
Cold dew is a solar term reflecting the characteristics of climate change. When entering the cold dew, there is cold air going south, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and autumn dryness is obvious. After the cold dew, the cold air in the north has a certain influence, and most parts of China are controlled by cold high pressure, and the rainy season is over.
The first frost embodies the climatic characteristics of sudden drop in temperature, great change in temperature difference between day and night and obvious dryness in autumn. The first frost solar terms are characterized by cold weather in the morning and evening, still hot at noon, and large temperature difference between day and night. On the national average, the first frost is the season with the largest temperature difference between day and night in a year. Because "frost" is a manifestation of cold weather and large temperature difference between day and night, it is named "first frost", which means "sudden drop in temperature and large temperature difference between day and night". After the first frost solar term, the scene of late autumn is obvious, and the cold air goes south more and more frequently.
Beginning of winter, a seasonal solar term, means entering winter from now on. Stand still, build the beginning; In winter, everything will be collected in the end. Beginning of winter means that anger begins to close and everything enters a state of recuperation. Its climate has gradually changed from dry autumn to rainy and cold winter. After beginning of winter, the sunshine time will continue to shorten, and the height of the sun will continue to decrease at noon. In winter, northeast winds and north winds prevail, and the temperature drops gradually. Because there is still some energy in the heat stored on the surface, it is generally not very cold in early winter.
Light snow is a solar term reflecting precipitation and temperature, and it is a solar term with high frequency of cold wave and strong cold air activity. The arrival of the light snow solar term means that the weather is getting colder and colder and the precipitation is gradually increasing. "Snow" is the product of cold water vapor, representing cold and precipitation. The climate in this season is not deep and the precipitation is not heavy, so "light snow" is used to describe the climate characteristics of this season. "Light snow" is a metaphor, which reflects the active cold current and increased precipitation in this solar term, rather than the light snow under this solar term.
Like light snow, heavy snow is a solar term reflecting the changing trend of temperature and precipitation, and it is also a reflection of ancient farming culture on festivals. Heavy snow is a solar term reflecting climate characteristics. Heavy snow solar terms are characterized by a significant drop in temperature and an increase in precipitation.
The winter solstice is a solar term that reflects the direct movement of sunlight. On the solstice in winter, the sun moves southward to the extreme, and the sun shines directly on the tropic of Capricorn. This is the shortest day and the longest night in the northern hemisphere. From that day on, the direct point of the sun returned to the north, and the height of the sun in all parts of the northern hemisphere (China is located in the northern hemisphere) gradually increased, and the days became longer day by day. The solstice in winter is the turning point of "South to North". For all parts of the northern hemisphere, the height of the sun rises and the sunshine gradually increases.
Slight cold means that the weather is cold but not extreme. After the winter solstice, the cold air frequently goes south, and the temperature continues to drop, and the temperature drops to the lowest during the slight cold and severe cold in a year. There is a folk saying that "it's 239 when it's cold, and it's shivering with cold", which shows the cold degree of solar terms. In the slight cold season, the direct point of the sun is still in the southern hemisphere, and the heat in the northern hemisphere is still in a state of loss. The heat absorbed during the day is still less than the heat released at night, so the temperature in the northern hemisphere continues to decrease.
Great cold, like slight cold, is also a solar term indicating the cold weather. Great cold refers to extremely cold weather. According to China's long-term meteorological records, there is no slight cold in the great cold solar terms in the northern region; But for most parts of the south, it is the coldest of the great cold solar terms.
"Twenty-four solar term song" is a poem compiled for the convenience of remembering the twenty-four solar terms in the ancient calendar of China. Many versions have been circulated and sung everywhere. Twenty-four solar terms originated in the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms were set, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter. After continuous improvement and perfection, by the Qin and Han Dynasties, the 24 solar terms had been completely established. In BC 104, taichu calendar Law officially set 24 solar terms in the calendar, and defined the astronomical position of the 24 solar terms. It is convenient for people to farm and work.