I. Test sites that may be involved in key texts
1, author 2, title and significance of the article 3, key issues in the article 4, philosophy (central idea)
5. Writing method (including style) 6. Evaluation of the main characters 7. Plot of the article
Key contents of the first volume of the second and sixth grades
(a) Key texts of Unit 1: "Visiting friends in the mountains" and "Grasshopper Village"
★ "Visiting Friends in the Mountains"
1, Li Hanrong
2. The meaning of the question: visiting friends in the mountains, using anthropomorphic techniques; Visit, visit; Friends: refers to all the friends of nature in the mountains.
3. Key issues:
(1) Tell me which "friends" the author visited in the mountains, and think about why the title of the article is "Visiting friends in the mountains".
Answer: "The friends visited by the author include all natural friends such as ancient bridges, birds, dewdrops, trees, mountain springs, streams, waterfalls, cliffs, white clouds, larks, fallen flowers and leaves. With the theme of "visiting friends in the mountains", the author uses anthropomorphic methods to call everything in nature friends, which can stimulate readers' interest in reading.
(2) Read the following sentences and realize the benefits of writing like this.
Ah, old bridge, have you stood on this stream for hundreds of years like a respected old man?
A: The author compares "Old Bridge" to "a venerable old man", and "Station" is an anthropomorphic usage, which not only describes the age of the bridge, but also highlights its quality of serving the public in obscurity, fully expressing the author's praise and admiration for the bridge.
Walking into this forest, the birds called my name, and the dew exchanged eyes with me.
A: The anthropomorphic technique vividly expresses the tacit understanding and close friendship between the author and two friends, Bird and Dew.
4. Central idea: The author and "friends in the mountains" exchanged feelings, created a picturesque world and expressed the author's infinite love for nature.
5. Writing method: The novel and imaginative prose, using metaphor, personification, parallelism and other methods, makes the writing vivid and well expresses the deep affection for the "friends" in the mountains.
★ "Caochong Village"
1, by Guo Feng
2. Meaning of the topic: Metaphorical sentences refer to the happy world of bugs. Village: A hill on the edge of the forest.
3. Key issues
(1) Think about what you saw in Grasshopper Village from the author's point of view.
A: Together with the author, we saw the streets and lanes in the grasshopper village, with "villagers" coming and going, colorful worms, giant lizards, beetle musicians, "villagers" carrying food, meteorological observers and construction engineers.
(2) Fill in the blanks: The author saw a bug crawling alone in the grass and imagined it as a "ranger"; See colorful small roundworms and imagine them (as "southern girls"); See beetles flapping their wings and imagine them (as "musicians"); When you see beetles pushing food, imagine them (returning from afar as "laborers")
4. Central idea: The author followed a crawling bug with strange imagination and made a strange trip to grasshopper village, which reflected the author's love for nature and small creatures.
5. Writing method: This is an essay with distinctive expression. The author gives full play to his imagination and uses rhetorical devices (personification and metaphor) to vividly show everyone a world of Cao Meng.
(2) Key text of Unit 2: Zhan Tianyou and the memory of his mother.
★ "Zhan Tianyou"
3. Key issues:
(1) This paper describes the process of Zhan Tianyou's construction of Jing-Zhang Railway from three aspects: (laying out lines), (digging tunnels) and (designing herringbone lines).
(2) Zhan Tianyou uses the method of digging Juyongguan (both ends dig the middle at the same time), and Badaling uses the method of digging the middle (both ends dig the middle).
4. Central idea: The course writes that Zhan Tianyou, an outstanding patriotic engineer in China, presided over the construction of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway despite many difficulties, which showed Zhan Tianyou's patriotic spirit and outstanding talent and reflected the wisdom and strength of the people of China.
6. Character evaluation: Zhan Tianyou is a person who is not afraid of difficulties, brave in challenges, rigorous in work and loves the motherland.
★ "Missing Mother"
1, Ji Xianlin
2. Meaning of the topic: I miss two mothers: my birth mother and my motherland.
3. Key issues
(1) "My motherland, this is the first time I left her. I don't know why, as a mother, I often dream. What do you mean by "falling asleep often"? Do you know the reason why our mother often dreams? )
A: "Often dreaming" means that the motherland often dreams. The author is far away from his native land and lives in a foreign country, especially when he leaves the motherland for the first time, just like a child leaving his mother's arms, with infinite thoughts in his heart. I think about it every day and at night, so "mother of the motherland" keeps emerging in my dreams.
(2) However, this kind of desolation is not the same as ordinary desolation. It is sweet, thick, with unspeakable taste and deeply stuck in my heart. Why do I feel sad but sweet when I think of my hometown and old friends? )
A: I am sad because the author is in a foreign land, and there are worries and thoughts in his heart. Sweet because I think back to my relatives and friends in my old country and feel that they are everywhere. In this way, they are firmly imprinted in my memory, and when the author is lonely, I accompany him, which naturally gives me a little more comfort.
4. Central idea: This article expresses the author's eternal yearning and regret for his biological mother, and his constant love and reverence for the motherland.
5. Writing method: This paper introduces the author's understanding of two mothers in the form of (memories)-(one is the biological mother and the other is the mother of the motherland).
Unit 3 key text: the poor, the only audience
★ "poor people"
1, Writer's Works: This is a famous (Russian) writer (Lev? Tolstoy) wrote a (short) novel, the main works are Anna? Karenina, war and peace, resurrection and so on.
3. Key issues:
She thought nervously, "What will he say? Is this a joke? His five children are enough for him ... is he here? ..... No, not yet! ..... Why did you bring them here? ..... He will hit me! That's what I deserve, I deserve it ... well, beat me up! "
Q: What is the wording of this paragraph? Explain the meaning of the word uneasy and analyze Sang Na's psychology at that time?
Answer: (1) This paragraph is written as (psychological description). The continuous use of ellipsis shows that Sang Na's psychological activities at that time were intermittent and vividly wrote Sang Na's (anxiety). ② "Uneasy" describes mental instability. Sang Na was very nervous and worried about her five children when she brought back the orphans. She doesn't know what her husband will say. A feels that she has added a burden to her husband and feels sorry for him. She was worried that her husband would suddenly come back, and B didn't know how to tell him about bringing the orphan home. But she would rather let her husband beat her than adopt an orphan.
4. Central idea: Praise the excellent qualities of sauna and fisherman who would rather endure hardships than help others.
6. Character evaluation: Sang Na is a woman (hardworking, capable, caring for her family, kind and compassionate). The fisherman is a (simple, kind, tenacious, loving life and loving his wife) husband.
7. Plot of the article: The article tells the story that Sang Na and the fisherman took the initiative to adopt two children of the late neighbor Simon on a cold night.
★ "The Only Audience"
1, by falling snow
3. Key issues:
"I think you must play very well, but I am deaf. If you don't mind my presence, please continue. " Is the old man really deaf? Why did she say she was deaf? )
A:A The old man is not deaf. As one of the most prestigious professors in the Conservatory of Music, the old man heard that "I" was not good at playing, and found that "I" lacked self-confidence from the behavior of "preparing to slip away" after "I" was discovered. In order to maintain my self-esteem, she helped me build up my self-confidence and gave me the courage to play the piano in front of the old man who lied that he was deaf.
4. Central idea: With the sincere and selfless help of a music professor, I described how I went from lack of self-confidence to being able to play the violin for hundreds of audiences at various literary evenings, praised the virtue of caring for and encouraging young people to become talents, and expressed my admiration and gratitude to this respected old professor.
5. Writing method: There are two clues in this paper, one is the psychological and behavioral changes of "I", and the other is the language changes of the old woman.
7. Plot of the article: With the sincere and selfless help of a music professor, this article tells how I went from lack of self-confidence to being able to play the violin for hundreds of audiences at various literary parties.
(d) Key texts in Unit 4: "There is only one earth" and "This land is sacred"
★ "There is only one earth"
5. Writing method: This article is an explanatory article. Explanatory articles are usually explained by defining, classifying, giving examples, enumerating numbers, comparing, making metaphors (= metaphors), drawing charts and quoting materials. Explain the method and function: numerical science is precise and concrete; Examples are concrete and true; More focused; The metaphor is vivid.
For example, (1) the natural resources of the earth are also limited. Take mineral resources as an example, it is not given by God, but formed by geological changes over millions or even hundreds of millions of years. (for example)
(2) The earth, the mother of mankind and the cradle of life, is so beautiful, spectacular and amiable. In the starry universe, the earth is like a boat. (symbolically)
(3) The surface area of the earth is 5 1 10,000 square kilometers, and the land inhabited by human beings only accounts for about one fifth of it. (column number)
(4) Compared with the vast universe, the earth is very small. (for comparison)
★ "This land is sacred"
1, Seattle
3. Key question: Understand the meaning of the following sentences.
(1) "Anything that comes to the earth will eventually come to the children of the earth.
A: The earth is the home of mankind. If the home is destroyed, any impact and harm to the earth will be transformed into harm to human beings themselves. This sentence directly points out the close relationship between human existence and the earth.
(2) "The earth does not belong to human beings, and human beings belong to the earth."
Answer: the earth does not belong to human beings: human beings are not the masters of the earth, no one has the right or control, and no one can treat the sacred earth according to their own preferences. Human beings belong to the earth: because the earth allows human life to multiply and continue, without it, human beings can't survive.
4. Central idea: This article is a famous speech by Indian Chief Seattle. He vividly described the flesh-and-blood relationship between human beings and rivers, air, animals and plants on the earth, and strongly expressed the sincere feelings of Indians' incomparable attachment to the land.
5. Writing method: style (speech draft); Total score of article structure
Unit 5 Key Texts: "Young Runner" and "My Uncle Lu Xun"
★ "Young Runner"
1, Writer and Works: (Information kit content) Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Shuren, whose name was Yucai, and he was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was first published under the pseudonym of Lu Xun. He created and translated many works in his life, such as Collection of Novels, Wandering, New Stories, Collection of Prose Poems, Collection of Prose Poems, Collection of Prose, Grave, Hot Wind, Huagai Collection and so on. This text is selected from his novel Hometown. Lu Xun fought with pen as a weapon all his life, and was known as "soul of china". Mao Zedong commented that he was a great writer, thinker and revolutionary and the main leader of the Cultural Revolution in China.
3. Key issues
What did Runtu tell me? What are the characteristics of leap soil?
A: Catching birds in the snow-smart and knowledgeable; Look at the thorns-wit and courage;
Picking up shells and watching jumping fish at the seaside-life is colorful. (or well informed)
(2) Talk about the understanding of the sentence "They are all like me and only see the sky at the four corners of the high wall in the yard".
A: "They" refer to my usual friends. "The sky with high walls in the courtyard" means that the world where "I" and "my friends at ordinary times" live is very narrow, which is in sharp contrast to the leap soil living by the sea because it is kept in the high-walled deep courtyard all day. This sentence expresses my dissatisfaction with my environment and also reveals my yearning for colorful life in rural areas.
4. Central idea: Through the author's memory, this paper depicts the image of a knowledgeable, lively and lovely, intelligent and capable rural teenager-Runtu, which reflects my short and sincere friendship with him and my nostalgia for him when I was a child.
5. Writing method: The author wrote four things in detail, showing the characteristics of leap soil from different aspects.
6. Character evaluation: Runtu is a rural teenager (knowledgeable, lively and lovely, smart and capable).
★ "My Uncle Mr. Lu Xun"
1, by Zhou Ye.
3. Key issues
(1) The passage "My Uncle Mr. Lu Xun" mainly describes the author's memories of Mr. Lu Xun. What impression did he leave on you?
A: Four things are described: talking about the water margin, laughing at "hitting the wall", helping rickshaw drivers enthusiastically, and caring for maids.
(1) The joke "Water Margin" shows his concern and love for teenagers; Talking about "hitting a wall" shows his hatred of the old society;
③ Ambulance drivers showed deep sympathy and care for the working people; (4) Caring for the maid, Sam, shows that he cares more about others than himself.
(2) Understand "Do you think it is not easy to hit the wall when it is dark around?" The meaning of this sentence
A: "It was dark all around" means that the society at that time was dark and there was no light at all, and the people didn't even have any democracy and freedom. "Hit a wall" is a sense of frustration and persecution when fighting against reactionary forces. From the text, we can appreciate Mr. Lu Xun's indomitable spirit of struggle and revolutionary optimism that is not afraid of setbacks and persecution.
4. Central idea: This paper describes several things that left a deep impression on me by my uncle, Mr. Lu Xun, showing his serious attitude towards learning and his thoughts and feelings of hating the old society and loving the working people, and also expressing the author's love and nostalgia for his uncle.
6. Character evaluation: Mr. Lu Xun is a person with clear love and hatred, who thinks less about himself and more about others.
(6) Unit 6 Focus: Recite the first four ancient poems and the notes under the book.
Unit 7 key text: the old man and the seagull, the last war elephant
★ "The Old Man and the Sea Gull"
4. Central idea: It expresses the selfless love of the old people for seagulls and the shocking feelings of seagulls for the old people.
5. Writing method: There are four main ways to describe characters: appearance description (portrait, clothes, manner), language description, action description and psychological description.
(1) He is hunched, wearing a faded and outdated cloth, carrying a faded blue cloth bag, and even the big plastic bag containing bird food has faded (description-clothing); (2) The old man looked at the gulls hovering in the sky with expectation in his eyes (appearance description-expression); In the sound of seagulls, the old man sang something cadently. (language description); (4) The old man carefully put the biscuits on the fence by the lake and stepped back ... (action description)
7. Plot of the article: The main content of the text is (every winter, an old man walks more than 20 miles to send food to seagulls, calling their names, and has formed a deep friendship with seagulls. Seagulls always see the old man off after he dies.
★ "The Last Elephant"
1, by Shen, I also know his work The Seventh Hunting Dog (an extracurricular bookstore).
3. Key questions: The article goes on in turn.
A: Four touching stories are told: On his deathbed, the hero of Gacao put on his armor again, hung on the battlefield, and returned solemnly.
Unit 8 Key Texts: Farewell of Boya and Moonlight Song
★ "The Farewell of Boya"
1, information kit: Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi are said to be from the Spring and Autumn Period. The story that they became bosom friends is recorded in Liezi, Lv Chunqiu and other ancient books, and also circulated among the people. China's ancient poems are often mentioned, such as: "The world is sad, the strings of Bo Ya are silent", "Mountains and rivers, three lanes of Qin, a bottle of cold wine on the moon", and "The clock is long gone, and there is no confidant on earth". According to this legend, Feng Menglong, a novelist in the Ming Dynasty, wrote Boya Wrestling and Qin Xie's Companion, which was included in Warning Records. Because of this legend, people call people who really know themselves "bosom friends", and there is a metaphor that bosom friends are hard to find or music is wonderful.
2. Meaning of the topic: Absolute: Cut off Boya's string: Yu Boya cut off the string.
3. Key issues: reciting the text and translating the meaning of the poem.
(1) Boya Guqin, aiming at the mountain, Zhong Ziqi said, "OK, I am like Mount Tai!"
When Boya plays the piano, he thinks of mountains in his mind. So he played music to show the mountains. ) Zhong Ziqi listened and praised, "You play really well! Just like the towering Mount Tai stands in front of me! "
(2) what Boya read, Zhong Ziqi will win.
Zhong Ziqi will be able to say exactly what Boya thinks.
(3) When Boya died, he said that there was no confidant in the world, but he broke the piano and never played drums all his life.
Boya felt that he would never find a bosom friend in this world again, so he broke his beloved piano and never played it again.
★ "Moonlight Song"
1, information kit: Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians in Germany and plays an important role in the development of world music, and is known as the "Saint of Music". Beethoven's life was very bumpy. Hearing began to weaken at the age of 26, and he became deaf in his later years. He can only communicate with others through writing. He overcame many difficulties with strong will and created many immortal works in his life, such as the widely circulated symphonies Hero, Destiny, Pastoral and Chorus.
2. Title: Moonlight Song is also called Moonlight Sonata, Moonlight. Beethoven played two piano pieces, and the second one was Moonlight.
3. Key issues
(1) Think about why Beethoven played the piano for blind brothers and sisters; Why is it played one song after another?
Answer: I played the first song because Beethoven was moved by the girl's love and understanding of music. Play the second song, because blind girls love music and understand it. Beethoven met a bosom friend, which inspired his creative desire and inspiration, so he played one song after another.
(2) Listening to the piano, what does the shoemaker's brother and sister seem to see?
A: The shoemaker listened to Beethoven's piano and thought of the beautiful picture of the bright moon rising on the sea. The sea changed from calm to choppy, and I realized that the music changed from soothing and steady to high-pitched and passionate.
6. Character evaluation: As can be seen from this lesson, Beethoven is a man with musical talent and creative talent, kind and sympathetic to the poor.