According to the International Potato Center, yacon is rich in fructooligosaccharides with a sweet taste. There is no enzyme in the human body that can hydrolyze this carbohydrate, so it is difficult to be absorbed by people. It can also be used by patients with diabetes. .
The fructooligosaccharide content of yacon is 60-70% of dry matter, which is the highest among all plants. It is also rich in minerals and calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, and selenium. and other trace elements. Japanese research found that taking 3-6g of fructo-oligosaccharide per day can reduce the content of toxic and carcinogenic compounds in human feces by more than 40% within 3 weeks. Yacon carbohydrates are rarely absorbed by the human body, so it is very suitable for diabetics and dieters. Fructo-oligosaccharide has the following functions: ① promotes digestion and regulates the gastrointestinal tract; ② is a growth promoter of beneficial intestinal flora and produces bifid factor; ③ regulates blood, removes hyperlipidemia, and effectively controls cholesterol and diabetes; ④ laxative, Prevent and treat diarrhea; ⑤ reduce fire and detoxify, prevent and treat pimples and acne; ⑥ improve immunity.
Negative effects: People with cold nature and gastrointestinal problems should eat with caution. Symptoms such as stomach cold and constipation may occur after eating a large amount.
It should be noted that yacon contains a chemical component - tannin, also known as tannin. Once yacon is cut and peeled, it turns brown when exposed to air. The reason for the discoloration is due to oxidation, the phenols in tannins produce quinone polymers to form brown pigment, which is melanin. In order to prevent discoloration, peeled and cut yacon can be soaked in clean water to isolate it from the air and prevent oxidation and discoloration.
Medicinal value and health care effects of yacon
1. Regulates blood, can lower blood sugar, blood lipids and cholesterol, can prevent and treat high blood pressure, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases It also has a certain effect on obesity and other diseases. 2. Help digestion, regulate and improve the adverse conditions of the digestive system. Because yacon is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber and fructooligosaccharides with the highest content among all plants, it can significantly promote gastrointestinal motility and relieve constipation. It can not only eliminate constipation, but also prevent and treat diarrhea. It is the nemesis of gastrointestinal diseases. The most amazing thing is that it is a proliferation factor for intestinal bacteria, which can overcome systemic diseases caused by the imbalance of intestinal beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium due to stressful life rhythms, excessive use of antibiotics, etc., and can clearly understand the effects of food. It carries environmental pollutants into the human body and is the gastrointestinal scavenger and protector.
3. It can resist oxidation and eliminate free radicals, which can reduce or avoid the occurrence of stone disease.
4. It has the effects of clearing the liver and detoxifying, reducing fire and lowering blood pressure. It is an effective prevention and treatment of facial acne and acne, and is a natural health product for beauty. Yacon also contains more than 20 essential amino acids for the human body and minerals and trace elements such as calcium, iron, potassium, and selenium. Regular consumption can improve the body's immunity; it has the effect of strengthening the body, and it is also a man's aphrodisiac and sexual function. Naturally powerful. Yacon is a trendy fruit that is beautiful to eat today. Yacon is a rare crop that suddenly emerged. Its emergence heralds the beginning of a new era of health-care fruits. It will be in short supply within 10 years. It allows growers to make money and users to stay healthy. [Edit this paragraph]Planting Snow Whole lotus fruit has been planted in many countries around the world, and the names vary from country to country. After being introduced to China, it also has several names, such as yacon, chrysanthemum, yacon, ginseng fruit, yagong yagong, etc. Among them, the names Yagong and Yagong may be derived from the transliteration of the local name yacon. Yacon belongs to the Asteraceae family and uses part of the potato tuber. We believe that its scientific name is "Jushu" and classifies it as a yam vegetable.
It was successfully introduced in Saitama County, Japan in 1985. In recent years, it has entered my country through various channels. It has been successfully introduced and cultivated in Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Shandong, Henan, and Hebei. The production demonstration area exceeds 96 hectares. Most of the products are exported, and some enter supermarkets. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation technology 1. Land preparation and ridging: Choose the best sandy soil with easy drainage and irrigation, apply 2000-3000 kilograms of farmyard manure per acre, spread it evenly and then plow deeply, without applying chemical fertilizers or pesticides. The row spacing is 1 meter, the plant spacing is 0.6 meters, and 1111 plants are planted per acre. Before planting, ditches and ridges must be dug, and the yacon seed blocks are planted on the back of the ridges. In order to prevent the damage of underground pests, an appropriate amount of quicklime can be applied in the planting holes. Take prevention.
2. Planting: The planting period varies from place to place. Generally, planting can be done in spring when the 5cm ground temperature stabilizes at 14-15°C. Planting in protected areas can be done in advance. The planting method can be directly planting seed blocks in the field, or You can use nutrient bowls or nutrient bags to raise seedlings in greenhouses and then plant them in the field. In summer, you can also take cuttings and transplant the branches and lateral branches that sprout underground.
3. Management: After planting, when the seedlings are 20 centimeters tall, water them to maintain moisture, and combine weeding with soiling for the plants. If the amount of fertilizer applied before planting is insufficient, an appropriate amount of soil and miscellaneous fertilizers should be added during this period. , be careful not to apply chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides, water the soil if it is dry, and drain water in time after rain. When the stem grows to about 1 meter, tillering branches will grow at the base. If the growth is strong and the field is blocked, it can be removed. If the tillering branches are of average growth, 1-2 tillering branches can be appropriately selected for growth. In order to expand reproduction, the broken off tillering branches can be used as propagation materials for cuttings. When they grow in late autumn, a large number of bulbs will be harvested.
4. Harvest of fruits: Around October, the bunch-like flowers at the tips of the plant stems begin to wither, and the leaves begin to turn yellow. Fruits can then be harvested. In the south, they can be left in the ground to overwinter and harvested at any time. For sale, in the north it should be dug before frost and stored in cellars, just like sweet potatoes. The stems can be used as high-quality feed. The leaves and flowers have high nutritional value and can be dried to make tea or processed and reused. Generally, each plant produces The fruit is 3 kilograms, the maximum plant yield is 10 kilograms, and the yield per mu is 3000-4000 kilograms.
5. Seed saving: After digging the yacon, cut off the seed bulb on the upper part of the fruit, dry the wound, soak it in 100 times potassium permanganate solution for 3 minutes, take it out and rinse it with wet water. Bury the sand in the cellar or indoors without frost damage, and you can plant seeds in the following spring.
Yacon mulching and seedling transplanting technology
In order to obtain high quality and high yield of yacon, yacon mulching and seedling transplanting technology are used to sow and raise seedlings in advance to extend the plant growth period and increase Lighting time, enhancing photosynthesis, and maintaining soil temperature and humidity are effective measures to improve the yield and quality of yacon.
Mulch film covering technology:
First of all, as we have explained before, apply enough base fertilizer and water the base, plow and rake it level, and plan according to the row spacing of 85 to 100 cm. Use a small four-wheel tractor with a 1.2 to 1.3 meter raking machine to scrape the soil and create a ridge with a height of 20 to 25 cm. Then manually arrange it into a fish-ridge shape. If there is no machinery, you can manually scrape the soil to create the ridge. After the soil is prepared, the mulching time should be controlled about ten days before the local frost break period in early spring. Choose warm head and cold tail, and do it on a windless and sunny day. Cover 70 to 80 cm of mulch film. If you want to interplant watermelon, muskmelon and other crops in early spring, you can Choose a 1.2 to 1.3 meter mulch film. If conditions permit, you can use a four-wheel tractor-mounted mulching machine for mulching. If conditions are unavailable, manual mulching is also possible. 6 to 8 people are needed for flow operation, that is, two people in front are digging ditches (5 cm). left and right), two people put the mulch film, the two people behind cover it with soil and press it, and the last two people cover it with soil and compact it twice to prevent strong wind from blowing up the mulch film. If there are few people, the work can be done in batches. After covering with mulching film, according to the appropriate distance between plants of 45 to 60 centimeters, drill holes or dig holes to plant seedlings. Pay attention to covering the film holes with soil. You can also plant seeds first and then cover them with film, so that the effect of moisturizing and heat preservation is better.
Seedling transplanting technology:
Plant seedlings one and a half months in advance according to the transplanting time. Transplanting and raising seedlings in spring can start at the end of February or early March, and you can use a greenhouse or an ordinary room to increase the temperature. Seedling cultivation can be divided into two types: seedling cultivation in nutrient pots and seedling cultivation in hotbed plots. To raise seedlings in a nutrient bowl, first prepare nutrient soil. It is best to add a small amount of well-rotted fertilizer to fertile and disease-free soil. Control the humidity to about 50%, hold it into a ball with your hands, and it is better to disperse when it hits the ground. Then put it into a 6 to 8 cm nutrient bowl, sow single buds (seeds are first disinfected with carbendazim), sprinkle soil to cover the bud eyes, Spray with water using a sprayer. Control the temperature to about 25°C, the minimum should not be less than 15%, and the maximum should not exceed 35°C. Generally, seedlings will germinate in about 10 days. Strengthen observation and management at ordinary times. The seedlings should be hardened and aired 10 days before transplanting. After the frost break period, the seedlings should be transplanted into the field and covered with plastic film. To divide the hotbed for seedling cultivation, first prepare plastic film, bamboo chips, grass thatch and other materials, and then dig the seedbed. According to the calculation of the planting area, generally 1,500 plants per mu and a seedbed of 30 square meters are sufficient. The seedbed is 2 to 3 meters wide, and the length depends on the size of the seedlings. The seedbed soil is the same as the nutrient soil mentioned above. After planting, tie up bamboo slices, cover it with plastic film, and cover it with thatch. However, the grass thatch should be lifted early and covered late to facilitate light absorption and warming. Germination of seedlings raised in hotbeds takes a few days later, but the seedlings are strong but not vigorous. Ten days before transplanting, the seedlings also need to be aired and tempered.
When transplanting, use a shovel to cut off the seedlings, then handle them gently, and transplant them to the field in time, whether it is a greenhouse to raise the seedlings in nutrient bowls. It is better to divide the seedlings in the hotbed and cover them with mulch when transplanting to the field (cover the mulch first and then plant the seedlings). To facilitate thermal insulation and moisturizing. After planting the seedlings, water them promptly and cover them with soil. When transplanting seedlings in early spring, water the seedlings in key holes or with small amounts of water. Avoid flooding with large amounts of water.