Anhui Huoshan produced Huoshan Dendrobium, rich in lipids and cream, nourishing yin power is the largest, in the ancient materia medica has long been recorded, has been regarded as dendrobium herbs in the treasures. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition in the source of dendrobium but not included Huoshan dendrobium. At the same time, the ancient herbal medicine has been clearly recorded that the medicinal part of Dendrobium is the stem, while the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 1995 edition, "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal medicine manual" and the new version of the national higher education institutions of medicine textbook "identification of traditional Chinese medicines" and other modern Chinese medicine literature will be listed as a whole herb for the medicinal part of the whole herb class of herbal Chinese medicine, and according to the "whole herb + Dendrobium genus name "Therefore, it is necessary for us to identify Dendrobium and Dendrobium huoshanensis with the original plant identification in order to clarify the origin.
First, Huoshan Dendrobium is the traditional medicinal authentic Dendrobium
The earliest record of Dendrobium origin of the "Famous Doctor's Record" said, "Dendrobium is born in Liu'an valley water on the stone." Newly Revised Materia Medica", "Materia Medica Tu Jing" and later herbs all follow the "Famous Doctor's Record" record. Diffractions of the Materia Medica said: "Dendrobium, fine as small grass, three, four inches long, flexible, folded like meat and solid." And the existing "evidence class materia medica", "Materia Medica Pinhui Essence" and "Materia Medica Compendium" all follow the above record. Examination of the above herb described dendrobium origin "Liu An", that is, Anhui Province, now under the Office of Huoshan, Liu An, Jinzhai and other places. Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. are the earliest traditional medicinal Dendrobium recorded in the Materia Medica, and should be regarded as genuine Dendrobium.
Dendrobium Huoshan, also known as Dendrobium Huo, Dendrobium Huo, Dabie Mountain Dendrobium. The "Compendium of Materia Medica Gleanings" said: "Huo Dendrobium, out of the South Huoshan, the shape of the hairpin Dendrobium smaller, yellow color, and the shape of the curved is not straight, there are into the ball, his native to replace the tea tea, the cloud is extremely relief of the summer heat, wake up the spleen, quench the thirst, Lishui, beneficial to the people of the qi force, or take the boiling cream pay guests, the first did not have a line of the people in recent years, north of the south of the river in full swing, there is not to give". Gleanings from the Compendium of Materia Medica" and cited "Hundred Herbs Mirror" said: "Dendrobium, in recent times there is a kind of, shape short only inch Xu, fine as lampshade, color greenish-yellow, chewing the taste of sweet, slightly slippery saliva, the Department of the six states and Yingzhou Province Huoshan County, the name of Dendrobium Huoshan. Best. No saliva of the chewing, the Department of raw wood, can not be used." According to the above herb, it should be Dendrobium huoshanense G.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng, Dendrobium tosaense Makino and Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. which is born on the stone and has shorter stem. Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl.
Second, "Dendrobium" and other Dendrobium varieties of evidence
Dendrobium a medicine, as the name suggests, is specifically referred to the Dendrobium born on the rock. As for the dendrobium plant attached to trees, the ancient herbal medicine also has records, called dendrobium. The herb scripture collection note said: "born on the oak tree is called dendrobium, its stem shape is grown and light in color. ...... now the first Ann also out of Dendrobium, to the virtual long, not into the pills and scattered, but can be wine stains, boiled soup with. The most common formula to supplement the deficiency, cure feet and knees." The herb chart scripture said: "but raw stone on the winner. There are also born on oak wood, the name of dendrobium, can not be used." Diffractions of the herb" said: "Today, more people to Dendrobium muddy line, medical workers also can not be clearly identified, the world also called the Dendrobium hairpin, cover the latter take the image of the said. However, the very not, will dendrobium folded, in the virtual like grass, long feet, but the color of deep yellow gloss only." Examination of the above herb described Dendrobium, refers to attached to trees and stems up to 30cm long (more than a foot long) of Dendrobium genus, mainly such as Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Rolfe. and Dendrobium nobile Lindl. The medicinal properties of these Dendrobiums vary according to the trees they are attached to. It is believed that Dendrobium can not be used as a medicinal herb for Dendrobium which is born on the stone and the stem length is about 9-12cm (three or four inches long). At present, in our country dendrobium commercial herbs, still mixed with a large number of dendrobium in use, should pay attention to identify, to be corrected.
On the dendrobium confused varieties, the generations of materia medica also have records. Such as the "new cultivation of the materia medica" said: "this Jingxiang and Hanzhong, Jiangzuo and two kinds: one like barley, tired connected, head of a leaf and cold sex; a big as bird's thigh, the name of bird's thigh dendrobium, raw wine impregnated service, it is said to be better than the dry ones. Also like wheat dendrobium, leaves at the end of the stem. The rest of the dendrobium, such as bamboo, leaves between the joints." The herb Tu Jing said: "There are two kinds of Jiangnan raw: one is like barley, tired and connected, with a leaf at the head, called Dendrobium wheat; one is as big as bird's thighs, called Dendrobium bird's thighs." Examining the "Newly Revised Materia Medica" and the "Materia Medica Tu Jing", the "barley-like, cumulatively connected, with one leaf at the head" may be the plants of Orchidaceae Stonecrop orchid genus Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim. Schlecht. and some species in the same genus. The "one as big as a bird's thigh, called Dendrobium bird's thigh" mentioned in the above mentioned materia medica may be Dendrobium chinensis Linkl., Dendrobium kwangtungense Schlecht. P. F. Hunt et Summerh. and some species in the same genus. As can be seen from the above, the origin of the species of Dendrobium in our ancient times is also more complicated.
Third, Dendrobium medicinal part is the stem, not the whole grass
The earliest record of Dendrobium medicinal part of the "Famous Doctor's Record" said: "July, August picking stems, shade dry." Later, all the herbs have followed the above record. At present, Dendrobium commercial herbs are also used in medicine with stems. But "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 1995 version, "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal manual" and the new version of the national higher medical college textbook "Chinese medicine identification" and other modern Chinese medicine literature will be dendrobium medicine Latin name according to the "whole herb + dendrobium genus name" combination format, named HERBA DENDROBII, neither in line with the generations of herb records, nor in line with the current actual use of the herb. Records, also does not meet the current actual use of medicine. We believe that the Latin name of the herb should be changed to CAULIS DENDROBII according to the combination format of "stem + Dendrobium".
Fourth, Dendrobium, Dendrobium Huoshan and its confusing varieties of the identification of the original plant
1. Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. Wall. ex Lindl. perennial. Stem caespitose, cylindrical, about 5～20cm high when born on stones, up to 60cm high when born on trees, 4～8mm in diam. Leaves alternate, with 6～12 leaves, sessile; leaf blade slightly fleshy, rectangular lanceolate, 3～7cm long, 0.8～2cm wide, slightly hooked at the apex, slightly narrowed at the base; leaf sheaths grayish-white, membranous, with violet spots, sheath mouth open. Racemes lateral to the upper part of the old stems, with 2-5 flowers; total pedicel ca. 1cm, bracts scarious, pale white, 5-7mm long; flowers yellowish green, slightly fragrant, 3-4cm in diameter; middle sepal similar to petals, narrowly ovate, lateral sepals falcate-triangular; labellum narrowly spatulate-obovate, smooth and glabrous, reflexed, slightly shorter than the sepals, indehiscent or 3-lobed, near the upper center with an oblong callus and purple-red spot, lateral lobes with a red spot and a red spot. with an oblong callus and purplish-red spot near distal center, lateral lobes often tinged with a purplish-red halo, margin undulate. Fl. Distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and other provinces and regions.
2. Dendrobium huoshanense G.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng and Dendrobium ironpierre main distinguishing features: stem height 3 ~ 7cm, diameter 2.5 ~ 3mm, labellum broad rhombic, length and width nearly equal, the center has no purplish-red spots; cap compressed globular, the front edge of the fringe-like split. Specialty in Anhui Huoshan.
3. Dendrobium tosaense Makino and the above two main distinguishing features: stem height 10 ~ 15cm, each stem with 3 ~ 4 leaves. The labellum is ovate narrowly obovate, about 17mm long, about 8mm wide, and the cap is rounded. Distributed in Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Taiwan and other provinces.
4. Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Its main distinguishing features: stem slightly compressed; flowers white with lavender; labellum edge entire. Distributed in Hubei, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Anhui, Taiwan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet and other provinces and regions.
5. Dendrobium chrysanthum Wall. ex Linkl. Its main distinguishing features: umbels nearly sessile, with 2 to 6 flowers, labellum nearly flabellate, 2 purple patches on the labellum disk, the edge with fringe. Distributed in Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Tibet and other provinces
6. Dendrobium fimbriatum Hook. Its main distinguishing features: racemes pedunculate, with 2 to 8 flowers; labellum suborbicular, labellum disk with a round purple patch, edge with compound fringe. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces and regions.
7. Dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe. Its main distinguishing features: lilac or pink flowers; labellum rounded, yellow, with fringed margins; stem pendulous. Distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces.
8. Guangdong, Guangxi and other parts of the orchid plant fringe gold Dendrobium Ephemerantha lonchophylla (Hook. f.) P.F. Hunt et Summerh. dry stems mixed with Dendrobium for medicinal use, called Dendrobium melongena. Attention should be paid to identify. The plant is distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces.
9. Dendrobium confusing varieties are mainly Bulbophyllum inconspicuum Maxim., Guangdong stone bean orchid Bulbophyllum kwangtungense Schlecht. and stone immortal peach Pholidota chinensis Linkl.
The above search table for the classification of Dendrobium protozoa and its confused species:
1. Erect plants without expanded pseudobulbs.
2. Stem height of 15cm or less.
3. Stems 3-7cm high; labellum broadly rhombic, nearly equal in length and width, without a purple-red spot in the center; cap compressed globose, with fimbriate splits at the anterior margin .................. .............................. ............... Dendrobium Huoshan
3. Stem height 10-15cm; labellum ovate narrowly obovate, about 17mm long, about 8mm wide; cap rounded globose ... ...
........................ .............................. .............................. ...Dendrobium xanthophyllum
2. Stem height often exceeds 15cm, up to 60-120cm or more.
4. Stems slightly compressed; flowers white with lavender; labellum edge entire ..................... ......... Dendrobium cinereum
4. Stem cylindrical or clavate.
5. Flowers lavender or pink; labellum rounded, yellow, margin fringed; stem pendulous ...... Dendrobium annuum
5. Flowers yellowish-green or golden-yellow.
6. Flowers yellowish green, labellum narrowly spatulate-obovate, with an oblong callus and purplish-red
pigmentation near the distal center, margin undulate ............... .............................. ............... dendrobium
6. Flowers golden yellow.
7. Umbel nearly sessile, with 2 to 6 flowers, labellum nearly flabellate, 2 purple spots on the labellum disk
block, margin fringed ............... .............................. ............ Dendrobium yellow grass
7. Racemes pedunculate, with 2 to 8 flowers; labellum suborbicular, with a rounded purple spot on the labellum disk
block, margin fringed with compound fimbriae... .............................. ..................... Dendrobium verum
1. Creeping plant with expanded pseudobulbs.
8. Pseudobulb terminal 2 leaves; leaf blade elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, 10-18cm long, 3-6cm wide;
scape from the pseudobulb apical, a raceme; flowers white or yellowish ............ ...... 石仙桃
8. Pseudobulb terminal 1 leaf.
9. Flowers 1 to several, clustered at the tip of the pseudobulb, yellowish, or with purple spots; pseudobulb 3 to
6.5cm long; leaf blade elliptic or momentarily orbicular, 7 to 20cm long, 2 to 5cm wide ......... Dendrobium fimbriata
9 ...The scape is drawn from the base of the pseudobulb.
10. Pseudobulb ovoid, shaped like a grain of wheat, 4 to 8mm long; leaf blade obovate long elliptic or obovate,
1 to 3cm long, scape terminal 1 to 2 flowers ............ ........................... dendrobium
10. False Bulb subovoid, 1-2.5cm long, 2-5mm in diameter; leaf blade rectangular, about 4cm long,
Raceme of 4-7 flowers on scape ............... .................. 广东石豆兰
五、讨论
根据本草考证，霍山石斛 Dendrobium Dendrobium According to the evidence of this herb, Dendrobium huoshanense G. Z. Tang et S. J. Cheng, Dendrobium tosaense Makino and Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. are the earliest traditional medicinal dendrobiums recorded in this herb. Dendrobium candidum Wall. ex Lindl. is the earliest traditional medicinal product recorded in the Materia Medica. It has been regarded as a precious product among the Dendrobium medicinal herbs in the past and present, although it was once in shortage due to the shortage of supply in history, but in recent years, it has been propagated artificially in Huoshan County and other places in Anhui Province and its production is gradually expanded. It is recommended that the new version of the Pharmacopoeia in the future will be included in the authentic herbal sources of Dendrobium.
According to the Herbal Examination, the medicinal part of Dendrobium is the stem, not the whole grass. Chinese Pharmacopoeia" 1995 edition, "Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbal manual" and the new version of the national higher hospital school textbook "Chinese medicine identification" and other modern Chinese medicine literature will be listed in the dendrobium to the whole grass for the medicinal parts of the whole grass class of medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine, and according to the "whole grass + dendrobium genus name" of the combination of the format, the name of the HERBA DENDROBII, which is not in line with the records of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, nor in line with the current actual use of medicine. It is suggested that the new pharmacopoeia will categorize Dendrobium as stem Chinese medicine and change its Latin name to CAULIS DENDROBII according to the combination format of "stem + Dendrobium".
According to the evidence of the materia medica, Dendrobium is attached to trees, but the stem of Dendrobium is attached to the trees and the stem is "more than a foot long", which is a kind of wood dendrobium, and the stem is "more than a foot long". In order to avoid mixing fish eyes with pearls and to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of clinical medication, it is suggested that the new Pharmacopoeia will be attached to trees and the stem of Dendrobium is "more than a foot long" from the source of Dendrobium, and the source of Dendrobium will be limited to Dendrobium varieties that are born in the stone and are short (less than 15cm long). As for the separation of Dendrobium, can no longer be used, can also be set up a separate medicine, along the generations of the name of the herb, will be named as Dendrobium.
As for the "Dendrobium mai" and "Dendrobium sparrow-thigh" recorded in the ancient materia medica, they can be regarded as confusing varieties of ancient Dendrobium herbs, which should not be mixed with the genuine Dendrobium.
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