Folk culture is the folk culture and folk customs as the main body of the national folk in the material, spiritual and institutional traditions. Including production, living customs, amusement and athletic customs, festivals, rituals, sacrificial customs and folk culture and art, etc., its content is all-encompassing, very complex, permeated by the people's clothing, food, housing, transportation, life, old age, illness, death, marriage, mourning, marriage, marriage and other aspects. People often express their emotions through folk songs and dances, ballads, proverbs, riddles, epigrams, folk legends, fables and other stories, expressing joy, anger, sadness and happiness. In my county's vast rural areas, countless strange mountains, rocks, peaks and other natural landscapes have their own beautiful and touching myths and legends. Such as "General Stone", "Rolling Drum Slope", "Black Dragon Pool", "Swallow Cave", "Armor Cliff", "Dragon King Cave" and so on, the people through legends and stories, endowed with natural landscapes magical power, mysterious colors, and some are even regarded as a blessing for generations as a god.
1, folk songs: towering Qinba Mountains, the Han River water, feeding generations of people, but also to the people's connection and communication with the inconvenience caused by a lot of folk songs will become a way of life to relieve loneliness and express their feelings. Shiquan folk songs, minor tunes beautiful, huge reserves of folk songs, folk theater, shadow plays, folk stories, folk dance and so on. Only one type of folk song is divided into mountain songs, ditties, flower drums, bajiao, boat public horn, over the mountain horn, labor horn, filial piety songs, new folk songs, etc. And there are many cadences, including high cadences, and there are also high cadences. There are many cadences, such as high cadence, flat cadence, flower tune, flower drum tune, etc., which have beautiful and melodious rhythms and are very interesting and intriguing. Some songs have the same lyrics, but they can be sung in different cadences. The content of Shiquan folk songs is very rich, not only reflecting the local customs, production and labor, love and marriage, the beauty of the landscape, the change of seasons and other folk songs, there are also singing the "Three Character Classic", "Daughter's Classic", "Liang Shanbo and Zhuyingtai", "Jiang Jiang" and "Jiang Jiang". There are also narrative folk songs such as "The Three Character Classic", "The Daughter's Classic", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", and "Jiang Taigong Fishing". Folk songs have become an important part of people's lives. Children sing "ballads" when they play; men and women sing "Sister Songs" when they love each other; girls sing "Crying Marriage" when they get married; new brides sing "October Pregnancy" when they get pregnant. "The husband goes out to work, and the daughter-in-law sings the song of "advising her husband in December"; the elders sing the song of "filial piety" when they pass away; the tea-picking song is sung when picking tea; and the drinking song is sung when drinking wine. "; drinking to sing "toast song"; each folk song is the crystallization of the wisdom of the working people, the pursuit of a better life is a true reflection of the county folk culture "living fossil".
2, folk dance: Shiquan folk entertainment is rich and colorful, lion dance, dragon lantern dance, colorful lotus boat, stilt walkers, playing even sound and other folk activities in the county is widely circulated, the dance of the dragon lanterns, lions is a form of entertainment that the majority of the people in our county like. Shiquan's fire lion show combines dance and acrobatics in one, and gathers courage and wisdom in one. Its play a variety of ways, grade, representative of the "burning grapevine", the scene is grand, passionate, Shi Quan folk celebrations of the classic. Another fire lion play is pay attention to the skills and ornamental, such as the audience first with sixteen benches set into the "world peace" four words, to play the lion to give the problem, please split the word, the lion asked to use the mouth to hold the sixteen benches will be set into the four words with the "world peace" four words of flat and oblique strokes corresponding to the four words, the lion with the mouth to hold the sixteen benches will be set into the "world peace" four words of flat and oblique strokes corresponding to the four words. Stroke corresponding to the four words, the master of the four words at the top of the respective red packets, cigarettes and other lottery. The lions not only use their brains but also perform a lot of difficult and ornamental maneuvers during the process of breaking down the words. The whole process is very interesting with the accompaniment of gongs and drums. Another way to play is to perform tricks, such as "swan holding eggs", "fairy picking peaches", "eight immortals crossing the sea", "ginger tooth fishing "Li Er washing" and so on dozens of kinds.
3, folk art: Shiquan's traditional folk art is extremely rich, mainly: paper-cutting, rust, weaving, stone carving, wood carving, root carving, paper tie, printing and dyeing, ancient pottery production. And the attainments of the root carving, wood carving and paper craft. Shiquan's root carving in the province is unique, a school of its own, not only focusing on the external shape, but also pay more attention to the inner charm. Its types of large figures, flying sky, bodhisattva, tables, chairs, flower racks, small flowers, birds, fish, insects are both God-shaped, quite playful, and therefore the achievement of a large number of root carving enthusiasts and collectors in Shiquan. Folk wood carving is mainly embodied in doors, windows, furniture and daily necessities. Shiquan's papier-maché craft has been famous since ancient times, which originated from the festival customs. Shiquan has a long tradition of Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month of the lunar calendar, River Lantern Festival on the 30th day of the 7th month of the lunar calendar, Dragon Lantern Festival on the Spring Festival, and Colorful Lotus Boat Festival. Over the centuries, no matter whether it is a small family, or government chambers of commerce, all attach great importance to dragon lanterns, lanterns, colorful lotus boats, as well as green lions, white elephants, unicorns, mussels, and other paper crafts, which greatly promotes the county's paper craft prosperity and development. All over the county are preoccupied with zhang lanterns, zhang dragon lanterns, skills to count Yangjiaba and the county several paper tie craftsmen.
Shiquan food culture characteristics
1, folk food culture: people eat for heaven. Throughout history, no matter marriage, funeral, marriage, marriage, birthday, festival, Shiquan people in the diet are very careful. Civilians test whether a housewife is capable and virtuous, mainly to see its smoked bacon, drowned dried vegetables, roasted soju, boiled bean drums, making red bean curd, bean paste, drowned pickle altar of the craft, it can be seen in the daily life of the people of Shiquan is never ambiguous. Shiquan food culture is mainly characterized by: first, the diet content is wide; second, the cooking method is exquisite; Shiquan's natural ecological environment determines the content of its diet, both homegrown, wild mountain vegetables, meat, but also in the rivers and rivers of fish and shrimp rich in life. Shiquan people's traditional seat of the mouth of a variety of names, such as "Erliuzi seat", "Shun four six seat", "down four six seat", "the poor hold the head of the pillar! The specifications and standards are also different, such as "Erliu Zi Xi", "Shun Si Liu Xi", "Inverted Si Liu Xi", "The Poor Man Holds the Head of the Pillar", "Red Xi", "White Xi" and so on. Shiquan has a long history of making dry and submerged vegetables, and has formed a unique production process, whose appearance, color and taste are incomparable to any other dishes. In addition to daily vegetables, the raw materials of Shiquan dry drowned vegetables, many Chinese herbs on Qinba Mountain are also commonly used ingredients, such as fishweed, fungus Artemisia, Artemisia, Amaranthus dahuricus, watercress, Chinese yam, toon sprouts, etc., which are not only tasty and refreshing, but also prolongs the life of the people. Meanwhile, herbs like cow fat, milky vegetable, cow's knee, bird's foot, wood chrysanthemum, angelica root, yam, taro, seven eggs, white fruit, dahurica and other herbs are commonly used in ordinary people's bacon stew and chicken soup. Shiquan traditional dry drowned vegetables are divided into two categories. One type of dry submerged vegetables, that is, vegetables washed and rubbed with salt drowning directly after drying, dry collection, eat with warm water after soaking and bacon a piece of fried or stewed or steamed, the flavor is strong, is a common household dishes. Another type of flooded vegetables, that is, after washing and chopping vegetables with salt flooding rub, drying half-dried into the altar, seal the mouth, altar along the side of the water, a month after the fried, can be steamed, can be cooled, the taste is fresh, crisp, without losing its original flavor, is a good year-round hospitality dishes, and easy to use. Shiquan's five-spice dried tofu and tempeh are also dietary classics. Ghost Valley dried bean curd has fine workmanship, unique flavor, beautiful appearance and good taste, and is famous both inside and outside the province. The most famous pickles to count "Wangmang tempeh", Shiquan drum production process, the ingredients required are very strict, so its flavor is strong, lingering aftertaste. This is from a historical allusion, according to legend, when Wang Mang led the army to arrive at the pool river town broke grain and grass, will be stationed in the pool river to collect the army wave. When the soybean harvest, the army will collect the soybeans piled up into a mountain. Unexpectedly encountered a continuous fall rain, the soldiers near to cut to the yellow wattle, tree (leaves large good rain cover) cover in the soybean. A few days after the rain stops, will lift the branches and found that the soybean has become soft and black, there is a bad smell, in order to prevent long insects, will be sprinkled with salt and spread out to dry. After two days of sun exposure soybeans have become black, smell there is a stench, someone then boldly tasted a grain, surprised to find that the flavor of the aroma is incomparable. From then on, the local people follow this method of drowning soybeans, and will be called "Wangmang edamame". Investigation, we found that many of the traditional food, dishes, cooking methods unique, refreshing. Such as two rivers in the town banquet there is a dish called "five spice swan eggs" is very famous. The method is "take eight earth eggs, four pigeon eggs, shelled into a bowl with salt, five spice surface mixing, take a blowing big drying into a half-dry pig urine bubble, will be adjusted to the egg sweat poured into the sealed mouth, put into the cage steamed, take out the urine bubble gently cut open to remove, and then will be steamed into a "big egg" into the plate, cut into small petals with a knife, and then put into a plate, and then put into a dish. Cut into small petals with a knife will find its egg white and yolk are separated, like a blooming lotus flower. The magic lies in the eggs and pigeon eggs mixed steamed, remove the pig urine used to fix the shape of the bubble, the big "swan egg" egg white is still separated from the yolk. In short, the county's traditional diet colorful, mostly steamed vegetables, stir-fried vegetables, stewed vegetables, cold dishes, fully embodies the "food is not too fine, braised is not tired of fine" concept, reflecting the ShiQuan people love life, love the tradition of food.
2, folk wine culture: Shiquan's wine culture has a long history, wine in people's daily life plays an extremely important role. Since ancient times, the rural areas of Shiquan have had the custom of baking grain wine and fruit wine in every household, and the varieties include bush wine, jujube wine, rice wine, yellow wine, sweet wine, poppy seed wine, sorghum wine, pole wine, persimmon wine, and horse mulberry soaking wine, etc. The traditional process of brewing grain wine has been widely practiced. Grain wine brewed with traditional techniques has a mellow flavor in the mouth and a long, refreshing aftertaste, and enjoys a good reputation in southern Shaanxi. Therefore, the interpretation of the drinking etiquette, drinking games are very rich and interesting. In terms of boxing, the folk have "Gao Sheng fist", "two good fist", "crab fist", "ring on the fist", "Girl's Fist", "Old Man's Fist", "Mute Fist" and so on; popular folk songs to persuade people to drink include "Ten Cups of Wine There are also popular folk songs to persuade people to drink, such as "Ten Cups of Wine", "Eight Cups of Wine", "Five Cups of Wine", etc.; there are also riddles as a reason for the wine order, such as "The word "mouth" is impervious to the wind, and the cross is in the middle of it, and the cross pushes it up, and the word "what" wins a cup of wine. "(The riddle is "Gu"). Guessed the other drink, guessed wrong had to win a cup. These games are elegant, and rich in knowledge, fun, people in the drinking exchange of emotions, active atmosphere, relaxation. Shiquan's traditional drinking is not only a part of people's diet, but also the spirit of traditional folk culture.