1, the factors that cause high blood pressure
1. Genetic factors
High blood pressure is a kind of multiple factors hereditary disease, has a more Mingde family agglutination, both parents have high blood pressure children after the high blood pressure proportion.
2. Age factor
The prevalence of hypertension increases with age, and the prevalence of those over 40 years old is 3.4 times higher than that of those aged 15-39 years old. After the age of 40 years old, the blood pressure tends to increase gradually, and the systolic blood pressure rises more obviously.
3. Obesity
The relationship between hypertension and obesity is obvious, and the prevalence of hypertension in obese people is 2 to 3 times higher than that in thin people. Weight gain is often accompanied by an increase in blood pressure, obesity happy also patients with weight loss after blood pressure can be reduced.
4. Diet diet
Diet is an important factor affecting blood pressure, dietary composition and blood pressure is very close, improper diet can directly induce hypertension. For example, excessive salt intake and fat intake can trigger the development of hypertension.
5. Bad habits
Smoking
The incidence of hypertension in smokers is significantly higher than that of non-smokers, and the nicotine in tobacco can excite the vasomotor center, cause vasospasm of small arteries, fatty deposits on the vascular wall, and make small arteries contract, thus increasing the resistance of the blood flow and leading to higher blood pressure. Smokers are highly susceptible to nausea hypertension, the risk of which is three times that of non-smokers.
Alcoholism
Although a small amount of alcohol has no significant effect on blood pressure, there is a positive relationship between blood pressure and the amount of alcohol consumed daily. Regular alcohol consumption above a certain limit can lead to increased blood pressure.
6. Emotional fluctuations
Emotional fluctuations such as excessive mental tension, anger, worry and excitement can lead to increased blood pressure. Due to the nervous system and endocrine humoral factors control disorder, the smooth muscle contraction in the wall of the blood vessel is strengthened, which can cause the narrowing of the circumferential small arterial vascular diameter, increasing the pressure of the blood pressure flow, which in turn leads to elevated blood pressure.
7. Environmental factors
Noise, water quality and other environmental factors can cause elevated blood pressure. Such as long-term exposure to noise environment elegant body reaction is the methyl adrenal hormone secretion increase, direct effect on the myocardium and cardiovascular wall, resulting in increased peripheral resistance, blood pressure; drinking water cadmium content exceeds the standard is also related to the occurrence of high blood pressure.
8. Hormonal effects
Hormones have a certain effect on the rise of blood pressure, such as oral contraceptives, women's blood pressure will rise, and with the taking of time and tendency to increase.
2, the harm of hypertension
1. coronary heart disease hypertension is one of the main risk factors for coronary heart disease, hypertension patients suffering from coronary heart disease is two times the risk of the normal people, long-term high blood pressure is not treated, 50% died of coronary heart disease.
2. Diabetes mellitus in the diabetic population, the incidence of hypertension is two times the normal population. The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension is quite common, and it is an important cause of atherosclerosis and renal failure in patients.
3. Heart failure is a common complication of hypertension, and epidemiologic studies have shown that 40%-50% of heart failure is caused by hypertension. The higher the blood pressure, and no treatment, the greater the possibility of developing heart failure. Some people have followed 5314 hypertensive patients for 14.1 years, and 392 cases developed heart failure. Hypertension has been recognized as a major risk for left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial infarction, which can cause cardiac insufficiency, and therefore, hypertension plays an important role in the course of heart failure.
4. Hyperlipidemia has been studied that hypertension is closely related to the elevation of total cholesterol and the reduction of high-density lipoprotein level, lipid metabolism disorders, so that the risk of cardiovascular disease and the incidence of a significant increase.
5. Kidney disease in humans, the kidneys are involved in the formation and maintenance of hypertension, and in turn, the kidneys are damaged by elevated blood pressure. Long-term untreated hypertension can cause end-stage renal failure or accelerate the destruction of the renal parenchyma leading to primary or secondary renal disease.
6. Peripheral arterial disease hypertension increases the risk of intermittent claudication by three times, probably because elevated blood pressure accelerates the sclerosis of certain specific areas such as lower limb arteries, carotid arteries, coronary arteries, leading to ischemia, nutritional disorders, and even necrosis of arteries of the lower limbs.
7. The incidence of stroke in hypertensive stroke is 7.76 times that of normal blood pressure, and studies have shown that antihypertensive treatment can reduce the incidence of stroke by 40% and the risk of coronary heart disease by 15%.
8. Left ventricular hypertrophy in all hypertensive patients, 20%-30% can be detected left ventricular hypertrophy, mild hypertension patients occur in the left ventricular hypertrophy than the normal blood pressure increased 2-3 times, and severe hypertension up to 10 times. Left ventricular hypertrophy is a potential risk factor for infarction and affects left ventricular systolic function, so hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy is an important risk factor closely related to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.