Radish in climatic conditions in the region, all seasons can be planted, most areas to autumn cultivation of the main, become one of the main vegetables in the fall and winter.
Growth habit:
The radish is a half-hardy vegetable, the seeds can germinate at 2℃-3℃, and the appropriate temperature is 20℃-25℃. Seedling stage can withstand higher temperatures of about 25 ℃, but also can withstand -2 ℃ - -3 ℃ of low temperature. Radish stem and leaf growth temperature of 5 ℃ -25 ℃, the appropriate temperature is 15 ℃ -20 ℃. Flesh root growth temperature of 6 ℃ - 20 ℃, the appropriate temperature for 18 ℃ - 20 ℃, when the temperature is below - 1 ℃ - - 2 ℃, the fleshy root will be frozen.
The radish is best in deep soil, loose soil with abundant water and water retention, fertilizer retention performance is good sandy loam. The pH value of the soil is 5.3-7 is appropriate. Radish on the absorption of nutrients to potassium, the most, followed by nitrogen, and again for phosphorus. According to research, every 1000 kilograms of radish production about 5.55 kilograms of nitrogen absorption, phosphorus 2.6 kilograms, potassium 6.37 kilograms, three elements of the ratio of 2.1:1:2.5.
Cultivation techniques
Former crop harvested as early as possible after the deep ploughing, full of freezing and drying district, broken up the rake leveling, applying sufficient base fertilizer. According to the soil conditions selection of radish varieties, deep soil can be arranged large into the soil deep varieties, plowing depth should be more than 33 centimeters; shallow soil, you can choose to enter the shallow small and medium-sized varieties, plowing depth of medium-sized species of 25 centimeters or so, small species of 15 centimeters or so. The way of making beds varies according to varieties, soil quality, terrain and local climatic conditions, small and medium-sized radish in the rain, well-drained places with flat bed cultivation, large radish root deep leaves, must be used in raised bed cultivation. In the Yangtze River Basin, no matter large or small radish more deep ditch raised beds, in order to facilitate drainage and irrigation. General bed height 20-27 cm, bed width l-2 meters, ditch width 40 cm.
The root system of radish is developed, and it needs to be fully fertilized. Before the ground into the rotting pig, cow dung and other farmyard fertilizer 100 quintals, 25 kg of calcium superphosphate, 50 kg of composite fertilizer, plowed into the soil after raking for the bed, so that the soil is loose, fine and even, the bed is flat.
Disease and insect control
The main diseases of radish are black rot, virus disease, insect pests are mainly aphids, cabbage greenfly, cabbage borer, cabbage moth, yellow currant jumping beetle.
Virus disease: the onset of foliage. Leaf crumpling, deformity, plant dwarf, root stunting, resulting in a serious lack of plants and reduced yield. The disease is transmitted by aphids, high temperature (above 28 ℃) drought is conducive to the disease. The following measures can be taken to prevent and control: early prevention and control of aphids; high temperature and dry season to strengthen the fertilizer management, enhance the plant's ability to resist the disease; timely sowing; reasonable crop rotation.
Black rot: after the disease root vascular bundles black, fleshy root internal black rot, resulting in black heart, hollow, there is a special odor of gas. Prevention and control should be done with cruciferous vegetables for crop rotation; timely prevention and control of cabbage greenfly, yellow curly-striped flea beetles and other pests; with streptomycin sulfate 200 mg / kg (equivalent to 0.02%) concentration of liquid spray.
Aphids mainly harm the leaves of radish. Swarms gathered in the back of the leaf and the heart leaf sucking sap, so that the victim leaf edge backward curling, leaf crumpling, and gradually lose water yellow, so that the plant performance dwarf, stunted, until dead, in addition, but also can spread virus disease. Available 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000-2000 times liquid or 50% of the aphid mist wettable powder 3000-4000 times liquid spray control.
Cabbage greenfly adults lay eggs on the back of the leaf, like vertical wheat grain, after hatching, harming the leaves, eating into a lot of lack of carvings. As the age of the insect increases, the damage is gradually aggravated, sometimes only residual leaf veins, affecting plant growth and development. And the feces contaminate the leaf surface, spreading soft rot disease. Should be in the 1-3 age larvae more drug control, with high efficiency B.t emulsion (8000 international units / microliter) 1500 times liquid spray, preparation of liquid add 0.1% of washing powder, choose light temperature higher than 15 ℃ cloudy days, cloudy days or in the sunny days after 4 p.m. to apply; or 5% inhibition of tai bao emulsion 2000 times liquid spray.
Vegetable stem borer adult eggs in the heart leaves and other young leaves, hatching first submerged leaf damage, 2 age after the wear out of the leaf surface spitting decorated with leaf damage, so that the heart of the death of the leaves, 4-5 age by the heart of the leaves or petioles mothers root, the victim plant withered. Seize the egg grain hatching period and the first heart of the leaf victimization of drug control, with 2.5% Kung Fu emulsion 2500 times liquid spray; or 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times liquid spray.
The low instar larvae of the little cabbage moth feed on the leaf flesh, leaving the epidermis, and the victimized leaves show a transparent spot, and after the third instar, the leaves will be eaten into the holes and defects, and in severe cases, the whole leaf is eaten into the net. Seedling larvae like to concentrate in the heart leaf damage, seriously affecting plant growth. It can be treated by spraying with 1500 times of high efficiency B.t emulsion (8000 international units/microliter), 2000 times of 5% Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical emulsion, and 2000 times of 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion alternately.
The yellow curly-striped flea beetle bites the leaves as an adult, forming many small holes, and when the damage is heavy, the whole seedling dies, and the adult also bites the flower buds, young English of the radish that stays in the seed. The adult also bites the flower buds, young Ying. fruit stalks, shoot tips, resulting in reduced yield. The larvae eat the root skin and bite the fibrous roots, affecting the growth of the plant and the commerciality of the fleshy roots. Prevention and control methods are: attention to clean the field after the harvest of the former crop, timely tilling sun fort, freeze fort, in order to reduce the source of insects; with 50% phoxim emulsion 1000 times spray; or 2.5% au-cypermethrin emulsion 4000 times spray.
Harvest management
Radish due to varieties and sowing time is different, the harvest time is not the same, generally to the fleshy roots fully fertilized for the harvesting of the appropriate period. Harvesting too early, low yield; too late, easy to suffer frost damage or chaffing, pumping and reduce quality. Spring sowing spring radish sowing general 50-60 days after harvest; summer radish growth fast, sowing 45-60 days after harvest; fall and winter radish sowing 70-100 days after harvest. If the fleshy root is mostly exposed on the ground varieties, should be harvested in time before the frost to avoid freezing, fleshy root all in the soil varieties, can be harvested late to touch high yield. Radish yield, generally large fall and winter radish mu yield 3500-4000 kilograms, high-yielders can reach more than 5000 kilograms, medium-sized radish mu yield 2500-3000 kilograms; spring radish and summer radish mu yield 1000-1500 kilograms; four seasons radish mu yield 600-1000 kilograms.