Fujian is located in the southeastern part of the motherland, the coast of the East China Sea, the land area between the latitude of 23 degrees 30 minutes to 28 degrees 22 minutes, longitude 115 degrees 50 minutes to 120 degrees 40 minutes between the east of the Taiwan Straits, separated from Taiwan Province across the sea, the northeast of the Zhejiang Province adjacent to the northwestern Wuyi Mountain range across the border with Jiangxi Province, southwest of Guangdong Province connected. Fujian belongs to the East China region. Fujian is a famous hometown of Chinese overseas Chinese, 10.88 million Min Chinese overseas Chinese living in the world. Fujian and Taiwan have a long history and the closest relationship, 80% of Taiwan compatriots are from Fujian. Fujian is located in the transportation hub of the East China Sea and the South China Sea, and is one of the closest provinces in China to Southeast Asia, West Asia, East Africa and Oceania.
Fujian was established in the first year of the Tang Dynasty, with the jurisdiction of five prefectures, namely Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting. Fujian was named after the first two of the five prefectures. In the Ming Dynasty, Fujian Province was established. It was called Min for short because it was the residence of the Min-Yue ethnic group in ancient times.
Tang Kaiyuan 21 years (733 years) set up "Fujian Province Secretary", began to call "Fujian". In the Southern Song Dynasty, there were 1 government, 5 states and 2 armies, so it was also known as "Eight Min". Historically, Fujian is the "Maritime Silk Road", "Zheng He went to the West", Islam and other important cultural origins and trade distribution center, Fuzhou, Xiamen was opened as one of the country's five ports of commerce. The port of Mawei at the mouth of the Minjiang River is the pioneer of China's modern shipbuilding industry and the cradle of training scientific and technological talents. The provincial capital Fuzhou .
Fuzhou is the capital of Fujian Province.
Fujian: named after Fuzhou and Jianzhou (now Jianou), each taking a character. Tang belonged to the Jiangnan East Road, then set up Fujian Observation for the beginning of the name of Fujian; Song set up Fujian Road; Yuan set up Fujian Sea Right Road; Ming set up Fujian Province, later changed to Fujian Buzhengji Department; Qing changed to Fujian Province, the name of the province remains unchanged.
Geography and Climate
□ Land
The land area is 121,400 square kilometers, of which mountains and hills account for 80% of the land area, and the sea area is 136,300 square kilometers. The total length of the province's coastline is 6,128 kilometers, of which 3,324 kilometers is the continental line, ranking second in the country. There are 1,546 islands of various sizes, accounting for 1/6 of the country, and there are many natural harbors and bays such as Xiamen Bay, Fuzhou Bay, Xinghua Bay, Meizhou Bay, Shacheng Harbor, and Sandouao.
□ Climate
Fujian is located in the subtropics and has a subtropical monsoon climate with a mild climate and abundant rainfall. 2004 average temperature was 15.3-21.9 degrees Celsius, and the average rainfall was 930-1843 millimeters, making Fujian one of the richest rainfall provinces in China.
Natural Resources
□ Mineral Resources
Fujian has a complex geological structure, and there are 118 kinds of minerals (including sub-minerals) with proven reserves in mineral resources, among which there are 2 kinds of energy minerals such as anthracite coal and geothermal heat, 31 kinds of metallic minerals, 82 kinds of non-metallic minerals, and 1 kind of hydrocarbon minerals. Gold, silver, lead, zinc, manganese, kaolin, cement limestone, granite, alum, chlorite, sulfur and other mineral reserves are also large. Quartz sand reserves, quality of the country's first.
□ Biological resources
Fujian is one of the key forest areas in the country, the province's forest area of more than 100 million acres, forest resources are very rich, with a wide variety of trees, forest coverage of 62.96%, ranking first in the country. Marine resources are very rich, there are inland aquaculture area and workable marine fishing area of about 1,000 square kilometers and 125,000 square kilometers, respectively. There are more than 750 kinds of fish, accounting for half of the national marine fish species. In particular, there is a wide variety of aquatic resources, the existing varieties account for more than 50% of the world, the total amount of aquatic products ranked third in the country, the per capita possession of the first in the country.
□ Water resources
The territory is densely populated with rivers and rich in water resources. The province has 29 water systems, 663 rivers, and the length of inland waterways reaches 13,569 kilometers, making the density of the river network rare in the country. Theoretical reserves of hydraulic power 10.46 million kilowatts, can be installed capacity of 7.05 million kilowatts, ranking first in East China.
□ Tourism resources
The province is rich in humanities, with abundant tourism resources and a large number of increasingly influential tourism brands, including Wuyi Mountain, which is a perfect combination of mountains and water, and a harmonious unity of man and nature; Gulangyu Island, which is a world cultural and natural heritage, known as the Garden of the Sea and the Music Island; Mazu pilgrimage culture in Maeju, which is a love affair with the west coast of the Taiwan Straits and cohesion of the world's Chinese; and the integration of diversified cultures and folk customs. Mazu pilgrimage culture in Meizhou, multi-cultural fusion, unique folk customs of the Maritime Silk Road in Quanzhou, the world's unique residential architecture of mountain villages in Fujian Tulou, the famous revolutionary shrine in Shanghang Gutian site, the cradle of ancient culture and marine culture in Fujian Tanshishan cultural heritage sites, the world's most beautiful scenery, the universe's mystery of the Ning's Bayshuiyang wonders, the Taining World Geopark, the Volcano Park in Zhangzhou, and other tourist brands and a large number of scenic areas. Fujian is also famous for the old areas, Soviet Union, western Fujian, eastern Fujian and other important revolutionary base, when the Central Soviet Union has 10 counties in Fujian, the old areas are distributed in 62 counties (cities).
Fujian Population
□ Demographics
The province's total year-end resident population at the end of 2006 was 35.58 million, with a net increase of 230,000 people. There were 425,600 births, with a birth rate of 12.00 per thousand; 203,900 deaths, with a death rate of 5.75 per thousand; and a natural growth rate of 6.25 per thousand.
□ Ethnic distribution and population ratio
Fujian is a multi-ethnic settlement, in addition to the Han Chinese, the distribution of ethnic minorities is very wide, and has a long history. There are 54 ethnic groups in Fujian***, with Han Chinese in the majority; the population of 53 ethnic minorities is 583,800, accounting for 1.7%. Among the minority populations, the She ethnic group is the largest; it amounts to about 350,000 people, accounting for more than half of the She population in the country. The Hui population is also above 10,000 people. The province's ethnic minorities are mainly located in Ningde area, followed by Fuzhou city and then Quanzhou city, where counties and cities with tens of thousands of population include Fu'an, Xiapu, Fuding, Zhangpu, Jiaocheng, Luoyuan, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Lianjiang and so on.
□ Cultural Level
In 2006, the province **** had 66 colleges and universities of various types, of which 53 were ordinary colleges and universities, 13 were adult colleges and universities, and 10 ordinary colleges and universities organized independent colleges (private). The province's graduate education enrollment of 0.82 million, 22,800 graduate students in school, graduates 0.46 million. General higher education enrollment of 151,700 people, 461,300 students, graduates 95,000 people. Various types of secondary vocational education enrollment of 230,100 people, 571,800 students, graduates 151,300 people. Ordinary high school enrollment of 274,100, with 780,400 students and 201,800 graduates. Junior high school enrollment was 523,700, with 1,653,300 students and 602,300 graduates. Ordinary elementary school enrollment of 412,400 people, enrollment of 269.
22 million people, graduates 526,100 people. Special education enrollment 35,200 students. Kindergarten enrollment 871,100 children.
Fujian Economy
□ Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The province's GDP in 2006 amounted to 750.163 billion yuan, an increase of 13.4% over the previous year at comparable prices. Among them, the primary industry added value of 88.523 billion yuan, an increase of 2.5%; the secondary industry added value of 373.608 billion yuan, an increase of 17.0%; the tertiary industry added value of 288.032 billion yuan, an increase of 12.6%. The per capita GDP was 21,152 yuan, an increase of 12.7% over the previous year.
□ Percentage of GDP
In 2006, the primary industry was adjusted downward, the secondary industry continued to increase, and the tertiary industry developed steadily. The ratio of the three industries was adjusted to 11.8:49.8:38.4 from 12.8:48.7:38.5 in the previous year.
□ Fiscal Income
The total fiscal income of the province in 2006 was 101.186 billion yuan, an increase of 28.4% compared with that of the previous year, of which, the local-level fiscal income was 54.103 billion yuan, an increase of 25.1%; the fiscal expenditure 72.215 billion yuan, an increase of 21.8%. State tax revenue (including import tax) 69.809 billion yuan, an increase of 17.9%; local tax system to organize various revenues 50.397 billion yuan, of which 36.576 billion yuan in tax revenue, an increase of 28.9%.
□ Industrial added value and growth rate
In 2006, the added value of the province's industry amounted to 330.609 billion yuan, an increase of 16.9% over the previous year, of which 274.558 billion yuan was added to the value of the industry above the large-scale, an increase of 20.4% (see Table 3). Product sales rate of 96.92%, down 0.58 percentage points from the previous year.
□ Agricultural value-added and growth rate
In 2006, the province's agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery industry completed a total output value of 147.341 billion yuan, an increase of 3.0% over the previous year, an increase of 1.7 percentage points lower than the previous year.
□ Foreign Trade
In 2006, the province's total import and export amounted to 62.663 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 15.2% over the previous year. Among them, exports amounted to 41.265 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 18.4%; imports amounted to 21.398 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 9.3%. Import and export offset, a surplus of 19.867 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 4.594 billion U.S. dollars over the previous year.
□ Foreign Capital Utilization
In 2006, 2,162 FDI projects were approved to be set up, 8.8% higher than the previous year; the contracted FDI amounted to US$10.802 billion by the comparable caliber of history, an increase of 26.2%; and the actual utilization of FDI amounted to US$7.185 billion, an increase of 15.3%. According to the capital verification caliber statistics contracted foreign investment amounted to 7.829 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 31.4%; the actual use of foreign direct investment of 3.22 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 23.5%. *** counted 73 newly approved foreign investment enterprises, with a total agreed investment of 172 million U.S. dollars, of which 87.4960 million U.S. dollars were invested by the Chinese side. Foreign contracted projects completed turnover of 202 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 3.5%; foreign labor cooperation completed turnover of 315 million U.S. dollars, an increase of 1.6%.
Fujian Communications
□ Telephone Ownership Rate
The total postal and telecommunication business in 2006 amounted to RMB 64.093 billion, an increase of 21.0% over the previous year. Among them, the total postal business amounted to RMB 2.793 billion, an increase of 9.1%, while the total telecommunications business amounted to RMB 61.3 billion, an increase of 21.6%. The telecommunications industry completed the main business income of 23.872 billion yuan, an increase of 10.5%; realized a profit of 4.919 billion yuan, an increase of 15.7%. New fixed telephone exchanges 750,000, with a total capacity of 19.41 million; mobile exchange capacity of 22.97 million, mobile packet data network capacity of 1.97 million, mobile SMS center capacity of 29.62 million. The number of new fixed telephone users was 870,000, reaching 14.86 million at the end of the year. New cell phone users 2.37 million, reaching 15.39 million at the end of the year. The total number of fixed and cell phone users reached 30.25 million at the end of the year, an increase of 3.24 million over the end of the previous year. The province's telephone penetration rate was 85.58 per 100 people. The number of data and multimedia users was 7.71 million, with an increase of 1.73 million, and the penetration rate of data and multimedia users reached 21.8%. Broadband access ports 3.04 million, an increase of 460,000 from the end of last year.
□ Radio and TV
There are 10 radio stations, 36 short- and medium-wave transmitters and rebroadcasters, 89 FM radio transmitters and rebroadcasters, 85 sets of radio programs, and a comprehensive population coverage rate of 96.99% for radio broadcasting; there are 10 television stations, 15 television transmitters and rebroadcasters of more than one kilowatt, and 36 sets of TV programs, and a comprehensive coverage rate of 98.13% for the population for television broadcasting. Cable TV subscribers 4,284,600 households, cable radio and television network trunk line total length of 124,600 kilometers. Provincial satellite TV for Fujian Southeast TV.
Fujian TV stations are as follows: 1) General Channel; 2) Southeast Satellite TV; 3) Public **** Channel; 4) News Channel; 5) TV Drama Channel; 6) Metropolitan Channel; 7) Economy Channel; 8) Sports Channel; in addition to Children's Channel, Channel TV, and International Channel.
Fujian Transportation
□ Highway
At the end of 2006, the province's highway mileage reached 86,560 kilometers, including 1,229 kilometers of expressways, 353 kilometers of first-class highways, and 6,524 kilometers of second-class highways, with a highway density of 71.3 kilometers per 100 square kilometers.
□ Water Transportation
The navigable mileage of inland waterways reached 3245 kilometers. The province **** there are 524 productive berths, of which 78 berths above 10,000 tons, the province's port throughput capacity of 142 million tons, of which the container throughput capacity of 5.71 million TEUs. Xiamen Port has been among the top ten container ports in the country. Opened 36 international liner routes, with more than 70 ports in the world have freight traffic, but also with more than 200 countries and regions to establish business relations. Fuzhou, Xiamen Port and Kaohsiung Port to open the sea pilot direct flights, Fujian coastal areas and Kinmen, Matsu to carry out direct exchanges.
□ Aviation
Fujian currently has five airports, which are: Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport; Fuzhou Changle International Airport; Quanzhou Jinjiang Airport; Nanping Wuyishan Airport; and Liancheng Airport. An airport is about to be established in Putian.
□ Railroad
At the end of 2006, the province's railroad mileage was 1,625 kilometers, and it already has four railroad corridors into and out of the province, which are: Eagle Xiamen Railway, Waifu Railway, Yokohama-South Railway, and Meikan Railway. Currently under construction of railroad projects are Wen (state) Fu (state) Railway, Fujian section, Fu (state) Xiamen (door) Railway, Long (rock) Xiamen (door) Railway, a total mileage of 616 kilometers. 2007 by the end of the railroads to the Putu Railway (Jiangxi Xiangtang to Putian) Fujian section, Xiamen (door) Shenzhen (Shenzhen) Railway, Fujian section, a total mileage of 535 kilometers. The above railroad projects under construction and will start in Fujian to form "a vertical and two horizontal" of the main framework of rapid railroads, with a total length of 1,150 kilometers, will be completed before 2011
Specialties of Fujian
Fuzhou specialties are olives, Fukushima oranges, longan, Fujian ginger, lychee, hibiscus plums, jasmine tea, stripping Lacquerware, wood painting, wood carving, paper umbrellas, shell carving, porcelain, etc.
Quanzhou has a variety of melons and fruits, famous trees and flowers, Dehua porcelain, Hui'an stone carvings, Anxi oolong tea, old Fanzhi Wanying Shenqu, Yongchun old vinegar, Yuanhetang candied fruit, Quanzhou puppet head, Yongchun lacquer baskets, artificial flowers.
Zhangzhou specialties are daffodils, camellias, orchids and other "three famous flowers" and rutabagas, lychees, bananas, longan, sleeves, pineapples and other "six famous fruits"; and a variety of dried seafood, piece of fatigue, eight treasures sealing mud, piece of epidemic, pearl cream, shellfish! Lacquer painting decorative panels, daffodil brand essential oils and so on.
Xiamen has a variety of subtropical fruits and melons, pies, fish skin peanuts, linden pills, Qingjin fruit, Xiamen bead embroidery, lacquer line carving, Xiamen color sculpture, Xiamen porcelain sculpture, mushrooms and meat sauce, Xiamen medicinal wine, dried seafood and so on.
Nanping specialties: the abundance of dried bamboo shoots, mushrooms, Wuyi rock tea, etc.
Putian specialties: Xinghua Guiyuan, Xinghua rice noodles, lacquered wooden bowls
Longyan specialties: eight dry series.
Sanming specialty: Jianlian lotus seeds, Shaxian snacks.
Ningde specialties: hibiscus plum, Gutian bamboo weaving, tea, red currant, scissors, etc.
History and culture
Fujian has a long history of primitive society, human activity, belonging to a branch of the ancient Yue ethnic group, known as the "East Yue". During the Warring States period, the Yue state was defeated by the Chu army; some of the Yue kings fled southward to Fujian and southern Zhejiang, and their descendants merged with the Min people in Fujian, becoming the "Min-Yue people". After the unification of China by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in 221 B.C., the county of Minzhong was established in Fujian, which appeared on the map of China for the first time as an administrative division unit. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the five prefectures of Fu, Jian, Quan, Zhang and Ting were established. In 733 AD, in order to strengthen the border defense, the Tang Dynasty set up the "Fujian Province" as a strategic envoy. The term "Fujian" was first used. During the Five Dynasties period, the king of Fujian, Wang Shenzhi, established the state of Fujian, which basically laid down the boundaries of the province. Fujian and the "eight Min", the Southern Song Dynasty, Fu construction of l Fu 5 state 2 army, Fu, state, army for the same level of administrative institutions, *** counting 8, so it is called "eight Min". After the Song Dynasty, the basic inheritance of the old system. Qing Kangxi 23 years (AD 1684) added Taiwan Province, Guangxu 12 years (AD 1886) set up a separate province. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Fujian **** had 9 provinces and 2 states, 58 counties and 6 halls. After the 1911 Revolution, the Republic of China two years (AD 1913) abolished the government, state system, set up provinces, provinces, counties, three-tier system, after several adjustments, to the liberation of the end, the province set up 2 cities, 7 administrative inspectorates, * * * 67 counties. 1949 after the liberation of fujian, the province set up 2 cities, 8 prefectural areas, * * * * there are 67 counties. 1951, the addition of quanzhou, zhangzhou, 2 cities, entrusted to the leadership of the special administrative department. Since then, over the past 20 years, the administrative division has been adjusted several times. Since the revolution and opening up, Fujian has adjusted its administrative division according to its own characteristics, and the area has been changed to prefecture-level city, forming a city with county system. By the end of 2o00, the province set up 9 provincial municipalities, *** there are 14 county-level cities, 25 municipal districts, 46 counties (including Kinmen County).
Fujian has a long history, science and culture once flourished. 5,000 years ago, the ancestors lived and prospered here, creating a culture comparable to the Yangshao and chemical, Hemudu culture of the Tanshishan culture. During the Three Kingdoms period, Fujian became a naval base for Sun Wu and a port for foreign trade because of its advanced shipbuilding and navigation technology. During the Southern Song and Yuan Dynasties, Quanzhou became one of the largest commercial ports in the world and had commercial relations with more than 100 countries and regions, forming the famous "Maritime Silk Road". During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He made seven trips to the West China Sea and stayed in Fujian many times, recruiting sailors, repairing ships and sailing from Fujian. During the five years of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty, the Fuzhou Shipping Bureau and China's first naval school were founded in Mawei, which became the cradle of China's modern navy and shipbuilding industry. The history of Fujian is full of talents, and a number of influential and outstanding figures in Chinese history have emerged, such as the astronomer Su Song, the originator of forensic medicine in the world, Song Ci, the thinker and writer Li Zhi, the phonetician Chen Di, the scholars and calligraphers Huang Daozhou and Caixiang, the literati Yan Yu, Yang Yi, and Liu Yong, the historians Zheng Qiqiao and Yuan Shuju, the national heroes Zheng Cheng Chenggong and Lin Zexu, the thinkers and interpreters Yan Fu and Lin Shu, the expert in railroad construction Zhan Tianyou and so on. Zhan Tianyou, and so on. With their boldness and dedication, they have made indelible contributions to the development and prosperity of the Chinese nation.
Historically, the people of Fujian have fought countless heroic struggles against oppression and invasion, and have a glorious revolutionary tradition. Under the leadership of the Chinese ****anization party, for the liberation of the Chinese people, the people of Fujian contributed thousands of outstanding sons and daughters and made outstanding contributions. Fujian is one of the key provinces in the country's old areas, the distribution of old areas throughout the 62 counties (cities); of which there are 46 old counties (cities), 518 old townships (towns), 7,772 old administrative villages, 2,919 base villages in the old revolutionary areas.