1 soil preparation
The ploughing depth is generally about 20cm, and it should be carefully plowed, raked flat and raked firmly, without obvious lumbering, so as to achieve "neat, loose, broken and clean". According to the water source, the length of the border can be determined, which can be 80 ~100m long and 4.2～4.4m wide. You can also punch a cup with a length of 40 ~ 50m and a width of 4.2 ~ 4.4m..
2 seed selection
Manually peel and break the cloves, remove the garlic tray and stem plate, and classify according to large, medium, small and garlic heart, and treat the small garlic cloves according to the specific situation. The requirements for seed selection are pure white without red tendons, scars, saccharification and smooth skin. The principle requires that each capsule weighs about 5g. Seed size is the key to high yield.
3 timely sowing
Garlic planting should be timely. The planting time is at the end of September and the beginning of autumn equinox (end of September1early October), and the temperature is about 17℃. Sun garlic cloves1~ 2 days before sowing.
4 Reasonable close planting
Generally, the row spacing is 20cm, the plant spacing is16 ~17 cm, and there are about 20,000 plants per 667 square meters. The method is to ditch with a rake or a ditcher, the depth of the ditch is about 5cm, and the garlic is covered with soil 1cm after planting.
field management
1 irrigation
Garlic needs a lot of water, and it usually needs to be watered four times during the whole growth period.
(1) Film mulching water: garlic should be watered in time after sowing, and it should be poured thoroughly, so that no one plant leaks, and every 667 square meters should be watered 100 cubic meter. The water not only meets the needs of garlic planting, but also provides convenience for covering with plastic film.
⑵ Strong seedling water: Generally, it is watered in early April or when the ground temperature is above 15℃.
⑶ Moss water: Water the garlic moss as soon as it comes out.
(4) Expanding water: after pulling out garlic moss, pour this water.
2 Plastic film mulching
Plastic film mulching is the key to increase garlic yield, which can increase ground temperature, decompose organic matter quickly, reduce water evaporation and meet garlic's environmental needs. After pouring the film covering water, the ground still sinks slightly, and the film is covered with a film covering machine or manual method. Either way, the plastic film should be tightened and pressed firmly on both sides to prevent the plastic film from being uncovered when there is a strong wind in autumn and winter.
3 release seedlings
As soon as the garlic buds break through the soil, the mulch film should be punctured in time to expose the seedlings. Generally, in the morning or evening, when the temperature is low and the mulch film is elastic, pat the mulch film with a new broom or lightly shovel it with a bamboo rake.
4 artificial weeding
During the growth period of garlic, the temperature is relatively low, and the harm of weeds is mainly after the Spring Festival. Because of the plastic film covering, weeds are eliminated manually. The method is to use thick iron bars or 8mm steel bars to fold the "7"-shaped ditch, and to break the plastic film to eradicate the grass seedlings.
5 pull garlic moss
The best time to pull garlic moss is when the upper part of garlic moss is bent from bottom to top. The method is to gently extract it by hand from noon 1 1 to 3 pm every day.
fertilize the soil or land
The principle of applying fertilizer to green food garlic is that organic fertilizer is the main ingredient, and a small amount of chemical fertilizer is applied in the formula; Mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing.
1 base fertilizer
In late September, 5000kg of high-quality farmyard manure (fully decomposed manure, compost and cake fertilizer), 20kg of urea and 0/0 kg of potassium sulfate/kloc were applied every 667 square meters. It is required to spread evenly, and then dig the cultivated land deeply.
2 topdressing
In the first ten days of April of the following year, combined with the irrigation of strong seedling water, urea 10kg, a quick-acting fertilizer, was applied every 667 square meters. In mid-April, 0.5kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was dissolved in 50kg of water and sprayed every 667 square meters.
extermination of disease and insect pest
Because the green food garlic is mainly planted with organic fertilizer, the plant has strong disease resistance, and the temperature is low during the garlic growing period, the garlic diseases and insect pests are relatively light, and the common diseases and insect pests are leaf blight and garlic maggots.
1 leaf blight
Leaf blight is a major disease in the growth of garlic. When the damage is serious, garlic is not easy to pluck, which further affects the yield of garlic. The general control method is: 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 100g per 667 square meters in the early stage of the disease in mid-April, diluted with water and sprayed 1 time.
2 garlic maggots
The occurrence of garlic maggots is not common in general years. For plots with heavy garlic maggots, it can be combined with soil preparation. When planting garlic and ditching, 40kg plant ash should be applied every 667m2, which can effectively control the occurrence of garlic maggots. However, when the damage of garlic maggots is serious, drugs can be used for prevention and control. The prevention and control method is to use 50% phoxim EC 100mL per 667 square meters in late April, dilute it with water, and then inject drugs into garlic roots.
Harvest, grading, packaging, storage and transportation
1 harvest
Garlic harvest season is generally in the middle and late May, around Xiaoman. When garlic leaves turn yellow and garlic cloves protrude, it can be harvested. When harvesting, use a special tool-garlic seeds, which will not break or hurt. After harvest, garlic should be dried in time to make it dry thoroughly, and it should be prevented from exposure and saccharification. The usual method is: cover the garlic leaves with garlic heads and dry them in the field for 10h, then cut off the garlic whiskers (when cutting, they must be flat and clean, and the garlic body must not be damaged), and continue to dry them in a ventilated place. When the garlic stalks are 80% to 90% dry, cut the garlic stalks by 2cm, bag them, and continue to dry them in a ventilated place, but they cannot be directly exposed to the sun. After harvesting garlic, remove the residual plastic film in time.
2 classification
Dry garlic should be graded according to the size and quality of garlic. According to specifications, green food garlic can be divided into super garlic (transverse warp ≥70mm, stem length ≤ 15mm), first garlic (transverse warp ≥60mm, stem length ≤ 15mm) and second garlic (transverse warp ≥50mm, stem length ≤ 15mm). 50mm, stalk length ≤15 mm =; According to the appearance and quality, it is divided into first class, second class and third class.
3 packaging
Green food garlic should be packaged separately according to specifications, with the same unit weight and size. The packaging box or bag should be neat, dry, breathable, pollution-free and odor-free. The logo design of green food should be standardized, and the name, variety, net content, place of origin, distribution unit and packaging date should be indicated on the package.
4 storage and transportation
Green food garlic storage area should be clearly marked and stored in a special constant temperature warehouse. Non-green food products and green food products should not be mixed. Green food should be transported by special means of transport, and cleaned according to the regulations before loading to ensure that garlic products will not be polluted during transportation.