After the death of Confucius, students not only often talked about his thoughts, morals and experiences, but also often clearly recalled his daily life. Confucius paid great attention to his manners and appearance. In dealing with people, everything is polite and courteous, words and deeds are moderate, actions are elegant, and some good habits have been formed in terms of food, clothing, housing and transportation. For example, when drinking with a countryman, after drinking, we always let the older people go first and then quit. When eating, don't talk to others; Don't talk too much before going to bed.
Confucius not only pays attention to politeness, but also emphasizes the need for true feelings. He is very compassionate. Confucius was fond of singing, but when someone held a funeral, he stopped singing that day. He never had enough to eat next to someone whose relatives died. He saw a blind man and a man in mourning clothes, and even if the other person was young, he must stand up; Those who meet on the road also meet them quickly. One day, a blind musician came to see Confucius, and Confucius quickly greeted him. When the musician walked to the edge of the steps, Confucius told him, "This is the steps". When he reached the mat, Confucius told him, "This is a mat.". After the musician sat down, Confucius introduced the people in the room to him one by one and said, "So-and-so is sitting here and so-and-so is sitting there." After seeing off the musician, the student Zhang asked, "Isn't this too much trouble?" Confucius replied, "That's how you should receive the blind.". Once the stable caught fire, Confucius quickly asked, "Did you hurt anyone?" Don't ask if you hurt the horse. One of Confucius' students was arrested for something and went to prison. Confucius did not dislike him, thinking that "although he went to prison, it was not his fault", he married his daughter to him.
Confucius also cherished animals. It is said that a dog raised by Confucius died, so he asked Zigong to bury it. He said to Zigong, "I heard that don't throw away broken curtains so as to bury horses;" Don't throw away the broken car cover so as to bury the dog. I don't even have a hood. You can cover the dog with my broken mat and don't let his head show! "
Confucius likes making friends very much. He cherishes the feelings of friends, and even people who are different from his own style refuse to break up easily. Such is his association with Hara. Yuanrang was a native of Lu and a friend of Confucius in his early years. He was wild and informal, and his ideological style was very different from that of Confucius. But Confucius got along well with him and kept close contact with him until he was old. Confucius gives the impression that he is modest, but he resolutely does what he thinks should be done and perseveres. He said: "Seeing what should be done morally and not doing it is no courage." He also put forward the idea of "being a teacher".
Cai Yuanpei: Calling freshmen "Mr."
19 16 In the winter, Mr. Cai Yuanpei became the president of Peking University. At that time, the transportation was very simple, and it was necessary to take a carriage when he took office. When Mr. Cai got off the carriage, he saw the school gate, and many people greeted him in the alley. It turns out that this is the school rule, and the workers must follow the etiquette to welcome them. The entourage said to Mr. Cai, "Please." While walking forward, Mr. Cai Yuanpei took off his hat to greet the workers who welcomed him on both sides, and nodded his thanks to the workers in a pleasant way. He kept saying, "Thank you, everyone has worked hard!" The workers were very moved when they saw this scene, and they all praised: "Mr. Cai is really an approachable good man!" If this happened today, of course, there is nothing to publicize. However, at the beginning of the Republic of China, when the feudal monarchy was overthrown, Mr. Cai Yuanpei abandoned the bad manners and customs of the old officialdom, and was humble and courteous to ordinary people. This kind of courtesy to Shu Ren is admirable.
At that time, there was a student named Ma Zhaobei, who passed the long-awaited Peking University. On the day of registration, the sky was clear and the climate was pleasant. Ma Zhaobei walked briskly into the school gate of Peking University. Unexpectedly, as soon as I entered the gate, I saw a notice: all freshmen who come to the school newspaper must submit a guarantee signed and sealed by the current official in Beijing (Beiping) before they can be registered.
After Ma Zhaobei finished reading the announcement, his joyful mood suddenly vanished, and a feeling of being fooled suddenly welled up in his heart. He wrote a letter to President Cai Yuanpei with resentment. The letter wrote: "I came a long way to breathe the air of democracy and cultivate the spirit of independence and self-esteem. Unexpectedly, before I entered school, I was forced to kowtow to the smelly bureaucrats to plead for mercy, which was rather disappointing to me. I firmly stated that if I must pay the guarantee, I will resolutely drop out of school. " The words inevitably reveal dissatisfaction with the school headed by Mr. Cai Yuanpei. After the letter was sent out, Ma Zhaobei didn't hold much hope. After all, he is a famous headmaster in the country, and he is just a little-known new student. What good results can he have? It's just to keep your self-esteem and vent your resentment. Therefore, Ma Zhaobei began to pack up and prepare to pursue his new future.
Who would have thought that a few days later, Ma Zhaobei suddenly received a letter, and he couldn't guess who wrote it to himself for a long time. When he opened it, he saw that it said "Mr. Yuan Cai" (that is, Mr. Ma Zhaobei) at the beginning, and hurriedly looked at the signature below, which was actually the handwriting of President Cai Yuanpei: "Brother Yuan Cai sincerely inspires". Ma Zhaobei was so excited that he almost lost his breath and stabilized his mood. Before deciding, if Mr. Wang thinks I can vouch for it personally, please go to the principal's office and ask Secretary-General Xu Baohuang to sign and seal it on his behalf. "
The letter shows that although Mr. Cai Yuanpei is the head of a school, he is never good at making opinions and acting arbitrarily, but earnestly abides by the rules and regulations of the school and respects the decisions made by professors and professors' meetings, even though he himself does not agree with the practice of handing in letters of guarantee. Between the lines, Mr. Cai Yuanpei's sincere feelings towards his students are also expressed. After reading the letter, Ma Zhaobei was very upset: President Cai Yuanpei was so busy that he treated me with courtesy, which was really unforgettable and unforgettable. Later, Mr. Ma Zhaobei wrote in a memoir: "This incident has deeply influenced me all my life." .
Tao Xingzhi: Be a camel.
A child's mother gave the child a good beating and told the child's teacher about it because she had fiddled with a gold watch she had just bought home as a fresh toy. Unexpectedly, the teacher said humorously, "I'm afraid an Edison from China was shot by you." The mother didn't understand what it meant. The teacher analyzed and said to her, "This behavior of the child is a manifestation of creativity. You shouldn't hit the child. You should free the child's hands and let him have the opportunity to start work at an early age."
"What should I do now?" The mother listened to the teacher and regretted her behavior.
"There are remedies." The teacher went on to say, "You can send the gold watch to the watch shop with your children and let them stand by and watch how the watchmaker repairs it." In this way, the watch shop becomes a classroom, the watchmaker becomes a teacher, your children become students, the fee for repairing watches becomes tuition, and your children's curiosity can be satisfied. Maybe he can learn to repair it! "
The teacher in this story is Mr. Tao Xingzhi, a famous educator in China.
Enter the reflection room by yourself.
Mr. Tao Xingzhi, in the early days of founding Nanjing Xiaozhuang School, made a rule that all teachers, students and employees in the school were not allowed to drink alcohol, and offenders should go into the introspection room to reflect.
Once, Xiaozhuang's farmers invited President Tao to dinner, and the farmers offered him a glass of wine. Tao Xingzhi repeatedly explained that he couldn't drink it, but the farmers insisted: "If you don't drink it, you will look down on us farmers. If you look down on us, you won't be our friends."
Tao Xingzhi had no choice but to drink the wine. The farmers were very happy and took President Tao as their friend. Where did they know? As soon as Tao Xingzhi returned to school, he immediately went into the introspection room.
For the sake of suffering children, be willing to be a camel.
194 1 year, under the severe circumstances of extreme difficulties and constant persecution, Tao Xingzhi showed the spirit of revolutionary heroism. Under the shadow of anti-* *, prices have skyrocketed, and the expenses of Yucai schools have been extremely difficult, and there are often worries about breaking meals. He even sent out the feeling that "I have to race against the price of rice" now. Chen Lifu, Minister of Education of the Kuomintang government, took the opportunity to propose to him that if he agreed to send a discipline director, he could allocate all the funds, but Tao Xingzhi flatly refused. At the most difficult moment of the economy, Tao Xingzhi had to reluctantly announce that the whole school would tighten its belt and eat two meals a day. He even proposed to use the spirit of "begging for learning" to tide over the difficulties like Wu Xun. 1On September 25th, 944, when Tao Xingzhi wrote an inscription for the portrait of Wu Xun painted by the painter Shen Shuyang, he wrote affectionately: "For the sake of suffering children, I am willing to be a camel; It is good for people, and cattle and horses do it. "
Tao Xingzhi scrimped and saved himself, and took all the little drops he donated to feed the children. I often wear my clothes to run around the door of rich adults and wives. When he came back from England, he bought a sunny and rainy coat. After wearing it for a long time, it was dirty and torn, so he turned it upside down and put it on. Once I went to see a rich man, and the informant said, "Sir, I'm sorry, but our master never receives people dressed like this. Please go back." Tao Xingzhi took his time, took out a business card and handed it to him, so the man had to send it in humbly.
In Xiaozhuang Normal School, Tao Xingzhi wore straw sandals, picked dung, planted fields, vegetables and raised fish with everyone. He asked Tang Laotou, an excellent cultivator in Tangjiawa, to teach everyone how to cultivate, and he himself became a student of Tang Laotou. He said, 360 lines, every line is the best, and every line has our teacher. At that time, everyone swept the floor, wiped the table and cooked meals by themselves ... There was no need for waiters or cooks for all the things in life, and Tao Xingzhi also personally participated in it.
Mei Yiqi: Never take a penny.
193 1 In the winter of, Mei Yiqi was appointed as the president of Tsinghua University at the age of 42. Since then, he has been re-elected as the president of Tsinghua University for 17 years, including 8 years in Southwest United University. After he took office, he lived in the statutory principal's residence at that time. According to the old practice, even toilet paper was supplied by the public and delivered by public servants on time. He voluntarily gave up some "privileges" that he could enjoy and paid the wages of his own workers; Pay the phone bill yourself; Don't want two tons of coal provided by the school free of charge every month; His family is never allowed to take a car for personal affairs, and his wife can only take a ride in his car when she goes to town with him. His requirements in life are very simple, he never pays attention to eating, and he is careful about everything. Some report outlines and official letters drafted by Mei Yiqi with some waste paper heads are still kept in the archives of Tsinghua University, witnessing his honest and frugal work style.
In that disastrous era, the economy in the Kuomintang-controlled areas was increasingly depressed and the people's lives were extremely poor. As a teacher, the life of a professor is also miserable. Many of them gave up the comfort of living abroad and were willing to be poor and never stopped teaching, which reflected the lofty spiritual integrity of China's outstanding intellectuals. Mei Yiqi, like many teachers in Southwest Associated University, holds the belief of "saving the country through science and education". His younger brother Mei Yibao later recalled: "During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Mei Yiqi, as the president of the university and the executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, often ate white rice mixed with Chili peppers, and sometimes had a spinach tofu soup meal, and the whole family was very satisfied." In Southwest Associated University, there is also a story about Mrs. Mei's homemade rice cakes. The monthly salary of professors in The National SouthWest Associated University can maintain a family's life for three weeks between 1938- 1939, and then the soaring prices will not last for the second half of the month. As a result, the professors' wives crossed the sea with their own magical powers: some embroidered scarves, some made hats, and some made food. Mrs. Mei has poor eyesight, so she cooperated with others to make rice cakes with 70% rice, 30% glutinous rice and sugar, and named them "Dingsheng Cake", which implies "a certain victory". Mrs. Mei walks for 45 minutes to Guansheng Garden with a basket on her arm every day. Because of the face of President Mei Yiqi, Mrs. Mei is secretive when selling cakes, but she is still known. As a result, the story of Mrs. Mei selling "Dingsheng Cake" with a basket spread far and wide.
Mei Yiqi remained uncorrupted all his life and had no savings. The hospitalization expenses after illness and the funeral expenses after death were donated by alumni. According to Han Yonghua's memory, there was a handbag next to his hospital bed that he never left his hand. After his death, he opened it, and it turned out to be the accounts of the Tsinghua Fund over the years, which were clear and clear, and all the people present were moved by it. Although he held several senior leadership positions in the Ministry of Education at that time, and took charge of the Tsinghua Fund with hundreds of thousands of dollars for a long time, he was able to stick to the principle all his life, leaving no legacy after his death. As Lin Gongxia said: "He has been in his alma mater for more than ten years, and although Tsinghua has a strong fund, he has never taken a penny. It is really a saint's behavior to be noble and clean in a polluted society. Only this can be a teacher for all generations. "
Chen Heqin: I want to be a teacher in the afterlife.
Chen Heqin, a famous preschool educator in China, graduated from Tsinghua University in his early years. In 19 14, Chen Heqin won a boxer indemnity scholarship to study in the United States. Studying medicine was the wish of many international students at that time. Because one is beneficial to the country and the people, and the other is easy to find employment after graduation. Chen Heqin was originally the same volunteer. But on the cruise across the Pacific, Chen Heqin struggled ideologically: "What is my ambition? Is it for personal life? Never! Do you live for a family? Never! My ambition is to' serve mankind and do my best for the country' ... Doctors treat diseases and I treat people. I like children, and children like me. I'd better study education and go back and teach them. " Chen Heqin, who was eager to save the country, finally made up his mind to give up studying medicine and devote himself to the education of the suffering motherland after repeated thinking.
Chen Heqin is more caring for his students than his own children. A classmate's father died, and his family was in financial difficulties, and he was about to drop out of school. Chen Heqin managed to get her mother to work in the library so that the student could continue reading. Another student's grandfather forced her to marry her brother-in-law to fill the house and threatened to cut off financial support. Chen Heqin wrote a letter to the local governor of the student's hometown, asking him to handle it fairly and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the students. The local governor admired Chen Heqin, ordered the student's grandfather to provide her with the necessary money and food on time, and respected her marital autonomy. Later, the local governor gave up his official salary and came here to teach in Chen Heqin's kindergarten teacher.
195 1 In August, the Central Ministry of Education held the first national conference on primary education and normal education, and Chen Heqin attended the conference as a special representative. At the closing banquet of the meeting, he was elected by the delegates to say a few words. He said: "I am 60 years old this year. If someone asks me,' What would you like to do in the next life?' I said,' I still want to be a teacher'. Ask:' Why?' I said,' Because I like children too much'. "
Li Furen: The last one to cross the river
Li Furen, a Chinese people's educator and president of Yan 'an University, emphasizes "being a teacher" and "setting an example". 1Aug.94716th, Li Furen led the teachers and students of Yan 'an University to live in Mutouyu on the bank of the Yellow River. At this time, Jiang Hu's army (referring to Hu Zongnan) came from three sides, and the superior ordered it to move eastward along the river. However, at that time, there were few ferries at Mutouyu Ferry, and there were many people, materials and animals gathered. The enemy troops were approaching, and teachers and students were nervous and vying for the ferry. Li Furen did not panic, ordered the senior high school and the education class to cross the river first, and then organized other teachers and students to stay and wait. Someone asked him to get on the boat first with concern. He said, "I want to cross the river last. I want to see that every student is sent across the river before I get on the boat!" " The next day, Li Furen led the rest of the teachers and students north along the river and crossed the Yellow River by boat at Tanjiaping.
Yang Changji: Ethics professors emphasize words and deeds.
Yang Changji word Watson, later renamed bosom. Bancang people in Changsha, Hunan Province are well-known scholars and educators in modern times. He was an active participant in the Reform Movement of 1898, a spiritual mentor of Hunan Xinmin Society, and a professor of "Ethics" and "Ethics History" in Peking University in his later years. He cultivated and influenced a large group of promising young people, such as Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen, with noble moral cultivation, hard-working spirit and rigorous academic attitude.
1909, Yang Changji studied in England. He paid great attention to studying the life style of the British people and affirmed what was worth learning and learning from it. He observed and affirmed everything from freedom of speech and communication to not lying, spitting, borrowing money and using other people's money. He greatly appreciates the habit of "westerners have clear boundaries in small matters", such as when sending a letter, you must give money if you borrow stamps from others; Several people take a bus and go into a restaurant. One person pays the money, and the others have to make up the money for him. Yang Changji said that people in China are just different. They think that such a little money is not worth paying back. If it is paid back, it is to despise the payer; Sometimes, even if the money is paid back, the recipient often pretends to be rude or angry, but in fact, he doesn't really want it. He thinks it's very bad to do so, which will easily lead to hypocrisy. Later, after Yang Changji returned to China, he seriously implemented this "doctrine of clear authority over money". He often has to cross the river to teach in Changsha, and sometimes students in the same boat pay the boat money for him. He will definitely return the boat money to the students afterwards.
Yang Changji is a man with rigorous scholarship and noble morality. He firmly believes in his ethics and strives to instill in students a norm of justice, morality, justice and benefit to society and mankind. 19 12 He returned from studying in London, and it happened that Tan Yankai, the governor of Hunan, was recruiting talents. I heard that Yang Changji was famous, so I wanted to ask him to be the education director of the provincial office, but he declined politely. He didn't want to pander to the meanness and filth of officialdom, but chose the position of a teacher in a normal school who was left out in the cold, and he wrote such a couplet to show his ambition: "The secluded Taoyuan is called Taikoo, and he wants to plant a big tree to support the sky."
Zhang Boling: Quit smoking with students.
Zhang Boling, a famous educator in China, 19 19 years later successively founded Nankai University, Nankai Girls' Middle School and Nankai Primary School. He pays great attention to the education of civility and manners for students, and sets an example by himself. Once, he found that a student's fingers were yellow with smoke, so he seriously advised the student: "Smoking is harmful to health, so give it up." Unexpectedly, the student was a little unconvinced and said wittily, "Is it harmful for you to smoke?" Zhang Boling smiled apologetically at the students' censure, immediately called on the workers to take all their Luzon cigarettes and destroy them in public. He also broke his beloved tobacco pipe that he had used for many years and sincerely said, "From then on, I quit smoking with all my classmates." Sure enough, after that, he never smoked again.
Although Nankai is a private school, it is not a tool to make money. Nankai's funds are completely open, and the annual accounts are kept in the library for anyone to check. Zhang Boling once said that anyone who checks the monthly accounts can tell you within five minutes, which is really not a big talk. He set an example to save every penny in the school. The monthly reward he gets from studying is only a salary of the principal of the center. After the establishment of the university, he only added 30 to 40 yuan to it, which was equivalent to half of the salary of college graduates at that time. Every time he goes to Beijing for business, in order to save money for the school, he always stays in an ordinary inn in Shijia Hutong outside Qianmen, and the room rate is one yuan per day. Zhang Boling often raises money for the school outside, and thousands, tens of thousands and hundreds of thousands of yuan are handed over to the school without any loss.
Xu Teli: Cultivating Virtue with Poetry
When Xu Teli was the principal of the First Women's Normal School in Hunan Province, he hung two large blackboards in the corridor from the study room to the classroom and dining room. These two blackboards don't post notices, write proverbs or report the news in the school. They are specially designed for Xu Lao to write poems. When Xu Lao finds that students have advantages, he must write poems to praise them; When students are found to have shortcomings, they must write poems to criticize them. Therefore, writing poetry has become an indispensable work for Xu Lao and an important means of ideological and moral education for students.
Once, a student named Shan Xiuxia made an appointment with her classmates to sneak into the toilet to knit a sweater for her lover because the lights were out in her dormitory. The light in the toilet stays on all night. Xu Lao stood outside the door and whispered, "Sleep, sleep!" Just wait for them to go to bed immediately, and think that Xu Lao will definitely scold them tomorrow, but the next day they are not scolded, only to see a poem written on the blackboard: "It was midnight yesterday, and the toilet stole all the clothes." Love matters. I agree. I'm anxious not to love myself. Running from east to west, not only playing clothes but also chatting. Don't say that the conversation is thin, and it will disturb people's sleep at night. "
Sixia: Students are an indispensable part of life.
Sixia, a child born in a poor family in Zhuji, has taught in primary schools in Shaoxing, Xiaoshan, Hangzhou and other places in Zhejiang. 1932, she has never left the land of primary education. During the 70 years of teaching, Miss Sixia not only filled the world with peaches and plums, but also contributed her intelligence to the treasure house of educational thoughts, the most prominent of which was her theory of "childlike innocence and maternal love". In her explanation, as a teacher, we should not only master knowledge, but also have childlike innocence and maternal love. Be one with your children and treat them as your own. This theory has been persistently practiced for many years after her retirement. Students have become an indispensable part of her life.
At the end of June, 2003, Mr. Sixia was admitted to the hospital because of renal failure. From then until her death, Mr. Sixia struggled with the disease in her hospital bed. During the period, most of the time, Mr. Li Sixia was in a state of unconsciousness, but it was strange that whenever a student came to visit, she always opened her eyes and called the student's name accurately, which made everyone present very moved. Why can Miss Sixia remember every student? According to the insider's introduction, Mr. Sixia knew each of her students very well during her teaching, and she had to make home visits one by one. These meticulous work left an indelible memory for the elderly.
In the first grade, before the children came to report for duty, Mrs. Smith would take the list of students and visit them from family to family to find out their personality characteristics and preferences, so when Mrs. Smith met the children at the beginning of school, she was already very familiar with them.
Teacher Sixia's granddaughter is 30 years old. When she was a child, she only attended the elementary school attached to Nanshi University for one month. When asked about the reason, she was a little shy: "Grandma worked in the elementary school attached to Nanshi University, and my mother was afraid that my schooling there would have a bad influence, so she asked me to transfer ..."
When Mr. Sixia was in her 70 s, she played with the children to catch chickens and help them throw long ropes.
For many years after retirement, 90-year-old Sixia insisted on visiting the school every day. Every year, on Children's Day, she would visit 30 classrooms in the school to see every child. Later, with the increase of age, it became more and more inconvenient for Teacher Si to move. She still insisted on "strolling" to school every day. Later, Teacher Si was supported by her daughter to visit the school.
Su Buqing: No matter how poor my motherland is, I will fight for her.
193 1 year, Su Buqing received a doctor of science, which made him a bit "famous" in the research institute. Many famous universities in Japan hired him with higher vocational education and high salary, and his wife and children were also in Japan. Where to go? He thought that his purpose of going abroad was to find a way to save the country and the people. Now the motherland is in dire straits, and I want to save the suffering motherland with my knowledge and wisdom. He resolutely returned to China.
1937 War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, and the Imperial University of Tohoku sent an urgent telegram and hired him as a professor of mathematics at the school again, with all kinds of preferential treatment; Soon after, I received an urgent telegram. My father-in-law, Mr. Matsumoto, was critically ill, and asked Mr. and Mrs. Su Buqing to go to Sendai for the last time. Su Buqing was considerate of his wife's feelings and said to her, Go home, I want to stay in my own country. No matter how poor the motherland is, I will fight for her and serve her. Matsumoto thought about her husband's life and career. She was worried that if the war situation deteriorated, she might never be able to return to Su Buqing, and she also cancelled her trip to Japan.