The whole grass is slender and 5-25 cm long. Tubers are spherical with a diameter of 3-8 mm; The surface is gray-black, rough, and concave stem marks can be seen at the top; Light weight, broken surface, yellow to brownish yellow, irregular vascular bundles can be seen.

The stem is round, with a diameter of 0.5- 1mm, brown-black surface, longitudinal edges and many hollows. The leaves are half-moon-shaped, with many brown filamentous hairs on the edges; The petiole is slender. There are usually flowers or small capsules at the top of the stem. Slight gas, sweet taste.

Microscopic identification

Cross section of stem: epidermal cells are square, and a few protrude outward; Outer stratum corneum. The cortex is narrow, with about 3 rows of thick-walled cell bands inside, and the cell wall is lignified. Vascular bundle periwoody type; The vessel wall is lignified, the phloem is compressed, there are single or bundled fibers, the wall thickness is lignified, and the cell cavity contains brown and black substances. The perimedullary parenchyma cells are round or polygonal, and the center is mostly hollow.

Powder characteristics: grayish brown.

① There are many starch granules, single oval or triangular, and a few punctate umbilicus with a diameter of 5-33 microns. ..

② Fiber fragments are common, with smooth side walls and flat and blunt end walls. The cell cavity contains brownish-black substances with a diameter of 6-20μm and lignified walls.

(3) There are many conduits in the edge hole, but few in the shape of ladder, thread and ring, with the diameter of13-37 μ m. ..

④ Most stomata can be seen in petal epidermis fragments.

⑤ Pollen grains have a constant number of clusters, with thorns on the surface and inconspicuous germination holes, with a diameter of 30-33 microns. ..

⑥ The head and stalk of glandular hairs are multicellular and brownish yellow, with a diameter of100-115 μ m. ..

Physical and chemical identification

(1) Take 3g of this product, cut it into small pieces, soak it in 200mL of water overnight, then heat and distill it, and collect about 80mL of yellow distillate. Take 2mL distillate and divide it into two parts. One part is added into 1 drop 1% copper sulfate solution, which turns red. After acidification with dilute hydrochloric acid, the red color disappears, and then it is alkalized to pH 12 with 10% sodium hydroxide solution, and the solution turns red again. The other part is added with 2 drops 1% nickel acetate ethanol solution, and the solution is red. (check the gold pigment)

⑵ Take about 70mL of the above TLC distillate, shake and extract with 20mL of ether, separate the ether solution, and evaporate to dryness. The residue was decomposed with 0.5mL ethanol as the test solution, the ethanol solution of pink dye as the control solution, and benzene-anhydrous ethanol (8: 2) or cyclohexane-chloroform-ethanol (20: 2.5: 65438+) was applied to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate.

chemical composition

The whole grass contains many kinds of quinones, such as jisongsu, moguoquinone, hydroxynaphthoquinone and hydronaphthoquinone. The secretion of glandular hair contains protease similar to pancreatin.