Characteristics of children's upper respiratory tract infection (cold) or flu Children's cold is clinically called acute upper respiratory tract infection. Due to different pathogens, it can be divided into upper respiratory tract infection and influenza. Acute upper respiratory infection in children: it is a respiratory disease caused by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus, EB virus and coxsackie virus. , mainly nasopharyngeal infection.
Main symptoms: fever, stuffy nose, sneezing, runny nose, sore throat and cough. Upper respiratory tract infection is a self-limited disease with a natural course of 5-7 days and self-healing. Generally, the effect of antiviral treatment is not good. We only need symptomatic treatment. When the child has a fever, drink more water and do physical cooling.
Influenza: respiratory infection caused by influenza A and B viruses, which is highly contagious through respiratory droplets and contact infection.
The difference between influenza and upper respiratory tract infection lies in persistent fever, poor mental state, obvious general discomfort and pain, and relatively mild respiratory symptoms. Do a throat swab virus nucleic acid test to distinguish.
The characteristics of bronchitis in children are often secondary to upper respiratory tract infection, or bacterial infection can directly invade bronchi.
Therefore, the pathogens causing bronchitis are complicated, mainly bacteria and viruses. The clinical manifestations are fever, stuffy nose, sore throat and other cold symptoms at the beginning of the disease, followed by cough, usually paroxysmal single cough with little phlegm. Generally, doctors auscultate with thick breath sounds, with wheezing or dry rales. X-ray chest film shows thickening of lung texture.
The treatment of bronchitis is mainly to control infection after finding out the cause, and atomization inhalation can be used for treatment.
The main characteristics of children's pneumonia are divided into community-acquired pneumonia and nosocomial infectious pneumonia from the onset area, and virus, bacteria, mycoplasma infection and tuberculosis from the pathogen.
But in recent years, with the inoculation of BCG, tuberculosis is less common, and the most common diseases are virus, bacteria and mycoplasma.
The common features of pneumonia in children are fever, cough, asthma and expectoration. Viral pneumonia is mainly wheezing and related to infants. Cough and expectoration are common symptoms of bacterial pneumonia. There are typical dry and wet rales in lung auscultation, and X-ray chest film shows that the lung texture is thickened, and patchy or cord-like shadows can be seen.
However, the symptoms and signs of mycoplasma pneumonia are obviously inconsistent, that is, the cough lasts for a long time, generally more than 2 weeks, the lung auscultation is negative, and there is generally no rale. On the contrary, chest X-ray shows lung texture and patchy shadows, and general antibiotics are ineffective, while macrolide antibiotics such as erythromycin are effective.
The treatment of pneumonia in children should be based on pathogen classification and bacterial culture inspection, and sensitive antibiotics or antiviral drugs should be selected to control infection.
You can choose aerosol inhalation for symptomatic treatment. Central antitussive drugs and compound preparations, such as pholcodine, are generally not recommended for children under 4 years old. Children's antitussive and expectorant drugs should be used under the guidance of specialists.