Seven kinds of nutrients can play three physiological roles in the human body: first, they can supply the energy needed by the human body as energy substances (mainly protein, carbohydrates and fat); The second is as a "building" material for the human body. Protein is the main energy source of human body. Thirdly, as a regulating substance to regulate the physiological functions of human body, it mainly includes vitamins, inorganic salts and cellulose. These nutrients are distributed in various foods and can be obtained as long as they can be widely eaten.
The seven nutrients include: 1. Protein II. Lipid 3. Carbohydrate 4. Vitamin 5. Minerals. Water 7. Dietary fiber.
I. protein
Concept: protein is a polymer compound with a certain framework, which is composed of amino acids. It is a substance closely related to life and life activities.
Function: 1. It is an important component of tissues and cells, and its content accounts for about 45% of the total solid of human body.
2. It is used to renew and repair tissues and cells, and participate in regulating substance metabolism and physiological functions.
3. Provide energy. About 10 ~ 15% of the daily heat energy needed by human body comes from protein.
Second, lipids.
Concept: Lipid is the general name of fat and lipid, and it is an important part of the body. Fat is a compound of fatty acids and glycerol. Foods rich in fat include animal oil and vegetable oil. Lipids mainly include phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol and cholesterol esters.
Function of fat:
1. Oxidation provides energy.
2. Synthetic precursors of some hormones (hormones)
3. Promote the absorption of fat-soluble nutrients
Functions of lipids:
1. The main physiological function of lipids is as the basic raw material of cell membrane structure.
2. Used for hormone synthesis.
Third, carbohydrates.
Concept: Carbohydrate is a substance composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in the molecular formula of this kind of compound is exactly 2: 1, which looks like a combination of carbon and water, so it is called carbohydrate.
Function: 1. Energy supply. About 70% of the energy needed by the human body is provided by the oxidative decomposition of carbohydrates.
2. An important part of tissues and cells
3. It forms active ingredients with protein and lipids.
Fourth, vitamins.
Concept: Vitamins, also known as vitamins, are a kind of organic substances necessary to maintain human life activities and important active substances to maintain human health. Divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble two categories.
Function: Active components of various enzymes, participating in substance and energy metabolism.
Verb (short for verb) mineral
Concept: Minerals are also called inorganic salts or ash. The minerals needed by human body are divided into two categories-macro elements and trace elements.
Function: 1. Minerals are important substances that constitute body tissues.
2. Adjust body fluid balance
3. Maintain the body's acid-base balance
4. Enzyme system activator
Intransitive verb water
Concept: Water is an essential substance for all life, a basic component in diet, and has important physiological functions in life activities.
Function: 1. The main component of human body structure, water accounts for 50% ~ 60% of adult body weight.
2. Solvents for nutrients and carriers for transportation
3. Regulate body temperature and lubricate tissues
Seven, dietary fiber
Concept: Dietary fiber refers to the sum of edible plant components, carbohydrates and similar substances that can resist digestion and absorption in human small intestine and can be partially or completely fermented in human large intestine, including polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, lignin and related plant substances. Dietary fiber has one or more physiological functions, such as relaxing bowels, regulating blood sugar concentration and reducing blood fat.
Function: 1. Improve intestinal function.
2. Regulate lipid metabolism
3. Regulate carbohydrate metabolism
4. Adjust the acid-base constitution
Help control weight
To maintain human health, seven nutrients are indispensable, and too much is equally harmful!