Perilla belongs to the family Lamiaceae and is an annual herb. The ancient name is Yi. The seeds can be pressed for oil, and can be combined with the old stems to be used as medicine, and the leaves can extract aromatic oil. The plant height is about 1 meter. The stem is square with grooves, many branches, hard and smooth at the base, and white hairy on the upper part. The leaves are oval, with a pointed apex and glandular points on the back. Stems and leaves green. Racemes terminal or lateral. The small nuts are round, commonly known as perilla, yellowish brown, with reticulated patterns. Originating in China, it is now distributed in the northeastern provinces, as well as Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou and other places. It is also found in Japan, Korea and northern India. After wild perilla seeds are scattered, they often grow in batches and form groups of their own.

Perilla prefers a warm and sunny environment and is suitable for planting in loose and fertile soil. During the growth period, pay attention to fertilizing, cultivating, weeding and controlling brown spot, rust and bridge-building insects. Due to its strong wildness, different seed maturity periods, and easy scattering, the selection of excellent strains suitable for cultivation is a major issue in production. The oil content of the seeds is 30% to 51%, with an average of 38%. The oil contains saturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linolenic acid, etc. It is a quick-drying oil and is used as a coating in industry. Young leaves and young flowers are also edible. In traditional Chinese medicine, perilla and white perilla stems are called Su Qian, which are used to treat colds, wind and cold, and qi stagnation due to food. Perilla seeds are called perilla and can treat cough, phlegm and asthma. Perilla seeds can also be used as bird feed.

Also known as wild sumac, white perilla, jade perilla, and perilla root

The source is Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a plant of the genus Lamiaceae. The leaves, twigs, main stems (perilla stems) and fruits (perilla perilla or perilla) are used as medicine. Leaves or twigs are harvested in summer, and the whole grass or ears are cut when the fruits are mature between July and August. The fruits are knocked off, impurities are removed, and dried in the sun to make perilla seeds. Slice the main stem (Sujie) and dry it in the sun.

The nature and flavor are pungent and warm in the meridians.

The main functions are to dispel cold and relieve external symptoms, regulate qi and widen the middle. Used for colds, headaches, coughs, chest and abdominal distension.

Usage and dosage: 1 to 3 yuan.

Remarks (1) Same as perilla but slightly less effective.

Excerpt from "National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine"

Pharmacological effects

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1. Effects on the nervous system of mice Taking 2g/kg of methanol extract of Perilla frutescens leaves can prolong sleep time by 84% after intraperitoneal injection of sodium cyclohexabarbital. The main active ingredients of volatile oil are perillaldehyde and stigmasterol [1]. Perillaldehyde, L-limonene, perillone, carcinone, myristyl ether and dill oleyl chemical type compounds isolated from the leaf extract were orally administered to mice at an amount equivalent to 2g/kg of the extract. Pentobarbital sodium also has the effect of prolonging sleep time, among which the leaf extract containing dill oil and myristyl ether type compounds has the strongest effect [2].

2. Laxative effect: Oral administration of 1g/kg leaf extract containing perillone-type substances (PK) may significantly promote the advancement of small intestinal contents in mice. This effect is achieved at a dose of 0.25g/kg. . Perillone 19mg/kg, obtained by continuing to separate PK substances, can promote the propulsion rate of small intestinal contents up to 138%. In a dose-dependent test of 3.8-15mg/kg, the effect reaches the peak when 15mg/kg is taken orally, and the oral ED50 is 11.0mg/kg. Injecting PK 15mg/kg and 60mg/kg into the duodenum can also promote the intestinal contents to increase in size. Adding 10-6g/kg, 10-5g/ml, and 10-4g-ml PK to the in vitro jejunal longitudinal muscle incubation solution has a dose-dependent relaxing effect. The 10-5g/kg PK agent can stimulate circular muscle peristalsis and relax longitudinal muscles [3].

3. Effect on the immune system. Intraperitoneal injection of Perilla leaf juice into mice can cause the accumulation of neutrophils in the peritoneal exudate. Leaf juice can also reduce the level of serum tumor necrosis factor in mice with elevated tumours. The anti-allergic substances of Perilla leaves have the ability to directly inhibit the production of TNF by macrophages in vitro. Perilla extract can also inhibit the production of IgE [4].

4. Antibacterial effect: Perilla oil obtained from perilla leaves can inhibit aldehydes on inoculated and naturally infected bacteria (Proteus) and fungi (yeast, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium). Oral administration of extracts containing pinene, pinene, and limonene can prolong the survival rate of mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa [6].

5. Other effects: The compounds obtained from perillae have the inhibitory effect of xanthine oxidase and can treat gout [7]. The inhibitory activity of 100 μg/ml hot water extract of Perilla frutescens whole plant against bovine heart phosphodiesterase is 36.2% on average. The inhibitory activity of the chloroform (CHCI3)-soluble component is 62.6%, and the CHCI3-insoluble component has almost no inhibition. activity[8].

6. Toxic and side effects The LD50 of perillone administered orally to mice is 78.9 mg/kg, and the LD50 of intraperitoneal injection is 13.6 kmg-kg. It has also been reported that when perillone was injected intraperitoneally into mice, the LD50 was 6 mg-kg for male mice and 2.5 mg/kg for female mice. Intravenous injection of about 30 mg of perillone into cows can cause respiratory symptoms 10 hours later and death after 3 days. Intravenous injection of 19mg/kg dose into sheep will also cause respiratory adverse reactions, but they will recover after 5 days [9]. Sheep can still survive if perillone is administered to sheep at 40 mg/kg.

Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg and died within 24 hours, with extensive pulmonary edema and abdominal exudates [10]. Perillone at 15 mg/kg, 20 km/kg, and 25 mg/kg perfused the lungs of sheep in vivo, which can increase pulmonary microvascular permeability, increase pulmonary vascular exocrine secretions, and cause severe pulmonary edema [11].

Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine

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Contains perillaldhyde, perillake-tone, and perillake-tone ( elsholtziaketone), limonene, pinene, myristicin, dillapiol [1, 2], stigmasterol [3].

Efficacy

Disperses wind and clears the lungs; regulates qi and digestion, and detoxifies fish and crabs

Critical research

From "Ben Cao Tu Jing".

Family and genus classification

Lamiaceae

Latin name

Folium Perillae Frutescentis Perillae Folium Perillae Frutescentis

Indications

Colds and wind-cold; cough and asthma; abdominal distension and tightness; persistent food indigestion; vomiting and diarrhea; cold dysentery; fish and crab poison; swollen vagina in men; emphysema poisonous limbs; snake and insect bites

Each expert’s discussion

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1. "Bie Lu": In the main tune, remove the odor.

2. "Supplements of Materia Medica": Pound and apply insect bites.

3. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": Regulates qi, moistens the heart and lungs, rejuvenates skin, improves color, eliminates chronic food, relieves cough due to qi, removes body odor, and applies to snake bites.

4. "Southern Yunnan Materia Medica": Treats typhoid fever, no sweating, headache, all wind-cold phlegm and phlegm, cholera tendon syndrome, cough and spitting, and rheumatism in children. Relieves pain and relieves asthma.

5. "The Preparation of Herbal Medicines": lowers Qi and removes rheumatism.

6. "Fujian Folk Herbal Medicine": relieve cold air, stop cold dysentery, expel wind and relieve fever, anthelmintic and detoxify.

Harvest and Storage

Harvest in summer and autumn and place in a ventilated place to dry in the shade. Or harvest the young stems, cut into small sections, and dry.

Animal and plant morphology

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Annual herb, 0.5-2m high. Stem erect, blunt quadrangular, with four grooves, densely villous. The leaves are opposite; the stalk is 3-5cm long, dorsally and ventrally flat, with a dense end that is short or pointed, a rounded or broadly wedge-shaped base, a coarsely serrated edge above the base, green or purple on both sides, and sparse pubescence on the top. Verticillary 2-flowered inflorescence, composed of 1.5-15cm long, densely villous, terminal and axillary racemes biased to one side; bracts are broadly oval or nearly round, covered with reddish-brown glands outside, and edge membrane Quality; the pedicel is densely pubescent; the calyx is bell-shaped, with 10 veins, the lower part is villous, with yellow gland spots, and there is a ring of sparse pubescence on the inner throat. The fruit is enlarged, the calyx mast is two-lipped, and the upper lip is wide. 3 teeth, the middle tooth is smaller, the lower lip is slightly longer than the upper lip, 2 teeth, the tooth skin is needle-shaped; the corolla is usually white, the crown tube is short, the crown eaves are nearly two-lipped, the upper lip is slightly absent, the lower lip is 3-lobed, and the middle lobe is longer Large; stamens 4, front pair slightly longer, free, inserted into the throat, anthers 2-chambered; apex of style 2-lobed; front of disk is finger-like enlarged. Nutlets are nearly spherical and reticulated. The flowering period is from August to November and the fruiting period is from August to December.