With popular materials, in the shortest possible time, complete different flavors of dishes with fire, which is the definition of small fry.
Its weight is not much, and it is advisable to eat it in a small dish at one time, but there can be more kinds, because stir-fry is a cooking based on taste, and it is the impression and requirement of ordinary people to taste food at the most economical price and in the simplest and fastest time.
The tools used in stir-frying are very simple, and almost a wok can be used. Some complicated cookers such as pressure cookers and casserole are absolutely not used. As for steamer and iron plate, they do not meet the needs of quick stir-frying and are not used. Therefore, quick stir-frying is the simplest and fastest one in Chinese cooking.
Knife-cutting for stir-frying is very important. In order to make food easy to cook and taste quickly, except vegetables, all meat and seafood are mostly sliced, shredded and diced. Moreover, in order to complement the ingredients, as the main ingredient, it is sometimes necessary to accommodate the appearance of ingredients, such as silver buds, celery and other vegetables, so the meat can only be shredded, and so on, which shows the importance of knife-cutting, in order to achieve a harmonious appearance of finished products.
Mastering the temperature is also an important part of stir-frying Many people think that their firepower at home is not as strong as that of the stalls outside, so they can't do stir-fry well. In fact, this is a wrong psychological effect. The strong fire of food stalls is only to help businesses quickly complete the ordering efficiency of diners. There is no time pressure at home, so they can do it calmly, and it is easy to be self-defeating if the firepower is too strong.
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Generally, people who like to cook like to read all kinds of cookbooks, because it is not easy to cook some seemingly homely dishes, especially those with simple materials, which can highlight the quality of materials and the mastery of cooking temperature. The following eight tips are the experience of clever housewives.
A seasoning is the most delicious
First, pay attention to the order of seasoning. The correct ones should be: sugar, salt, vinegar, soy sauce and monosodium glutamate. Because the molecule of sugar is bigger than salt, it will not penetrate if it is added in order of molecular size. Finally, it will not lose its taste if it is added with soy sauce and monosodium glutamate.
Second, there is a knack for seasoning. When stewing food, seasoning can only be added after the hard food becomes soft. When stir-frying food, you should quickly season it. Sugar and salt can be sprinkled on the materials, while soy sauce and wine should be poured from the pot. Seasoning must be mixed with liquid (broth, water) to make the material evenly seasoned; In order to prevent the fishy smell or the sweetness of fish from dissolving out, the seasoning liquid must be boiled before adding it. After seasoning, wrap egg white or tender meat powder to prevent the meat from hardening, or add a small amount of oil, so that the meat slices will not stick together when stir-frying; Add seasoning liquid before eating vinegar-stained food or soaked food. If you add seasoning liquid too early, it will make the food out of water.
B food is fried to a crisp taste.
The best state of fried food is the dry and crisp taste when it is just finished, but this taste needs to be mastered in frying.
First, the weight. The amount of frying at one time is about half of the surface area of oil. If the amount is too much, the temperature of oil will drop, the frying time will be prolonged, and dry and crisp products cannot be fried.
Second, the temperature. Fish and chicken with bones are fried with low-temperature oil (160℃) first, then picked up with a colander, heated with oil (180℃) and fried again, so that the food can be dried and crisp.
C's long-standing beef is also delicious.
There are five ways to make dry and hard beef delicious:
1. Soak beef in vinegar or wine, wrap it in plastic wrap and refrigerate it, which can make beef soft.
2. Cover the beef with pineapple or kiwi slices and wrap it with plastic wrap 1 hour, and the beef will become soft.
3. Beat the beef with a kitchen knife before cooking to destroy the fiber tissue, which can reduce the toughness.
4. Apply salad oil and water to beef, and then wrap it with plastic wrap for refrigeration.
5. The beef can be softened by dipping a little baking soda before cooking.
D dry bread is delicious
Bread will soon become hard and unpalatable after being bought for a long time. At this time, you can:
First, put it in a fresh-keeping bag, drop a little drinking water, and heat it in a microwave oven or oven, and the bread will be as hot and soft as it has just been baked.
Secondly, if it's toast, you can dip the eggs in the pan and fry them, or add some favorite sauces and bake them in the oven, and there will be a new way to eat them.
E cook delicious rice
1. The special measuring cup correctly measures the required amount of rice. When washing rice, a large amount of water is added for the first time. After stirring quickly, the water is immediately poured out, and the rice is washed by pressing with the palm of your hand, and then washed repeatedly with water until it is clear.
2. Put the washed rice into the inner pot and add the correct amount of water, and let it stand for about half an hour to let the rice absorb water before cooking. After cooking, keep the temperature for about10 ~15 minutes, then open the lid and stir the cooked rice evenly with a rice spoon, which is delicious white rice.
If you can't cook the cooked rice with confidence, adding a drop or two of wine can turn the half-cooked rice into delicious white rice.
Add a pinch of salt and salad oil to the washed rice to make the cooked rice shiny.
F green vegetables stay young forever
Blue vegetables, cucumbers, peas, edamame, etc., are easy to turn yellow soon after being cooked. In fact, you can:
1. Add a teaspoon of salt to the boiling water first, then put the vegetables in the pot, and take them out after boiling hot water, so that the cooked vegetables can always keep fresh and green.
2. As soon as the vegetables are cooked, they will be green and refreshing once they are soaked in ice water.
G microwave heating does not pinch.
Sometimes after heating food in a microwave oven, it is found that the food is raw, which is because the ingredients contained in the food are different. Salty foods, such as ham, sausage, curry, meat, fish, etc., transfer heat from the outside to the inside when heated by microwave oven, so even if the outer layer is cooked, the inside is still raw; However, foods with high sugar content and starchy foods, such as sweet potatoes, bread, rice cakes, cakes and jam, will be heated from the inside to the outside when heated, so if you cut the half-baked sweet potatoes, you will find that the middle is soft and the outer layer is still hard.
H beans are badly cooked
Sometimes beans taste as hard as a stone even if they are cooked for a long time. Only by following the following steps can they be cooked soft:
1. Soak the beans in water for one night.
2. Cook for1~ 2 hours, and cook slowly with slow fire until soft.
3. The key point is to add water continuously in the process of cooking, so that the water can cover the beans 1 cm.
4. After the beans are fully softened, add sugar 2-3 times. Do not add more sugar at a time, which will increase the saturation pressure and dehydrate the beans.
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China people's taste stress is harmful to health!
Crime1-excessive salt, different in north and south.
Since ancient times, people in the East, especially in China, have paid attention to "all colors, flavors and flavors", among which "taste" is the most important requirement. China people will make full use of all kinds of spices to flavor their dishes, among which sugar, salt, oil and monosodium glutamate are the most basic ones. However, paying too much attention to seasonings has brought hidden physical harm in food.
In traditional Chinese food, the most exquisite taste is salty. The high salt intake of China people is also a prominent problem in the traditional diet. The total daily intake stipulated by the World Health Organization is 6 grams, including the amount of sodium intake through various channels, such as the sodium contained in the dish itself, the sodium put in the cooking, the sodium contained in pickles, mustard tuber and yellow sauce, etc. According to the latest national survey data, the per capita daily intake of residents in Beijing is12-15g, and that in Northeast China is18-20g. The incidence of hypertension has been increasing from south to north, which may be inseparable from the higher salt intake in the north than in the south.
The harm caused by excessive salt is chronic and long-term. "Many studies have confirmed that excessive salt intake is very related to the occurrence of hypertension. According to the latest data released at the end of 2004, the number of hypertensive patients in China has reached1.600 million. " Jia Jianbin, deputy secretary general of China Nutrition Society, pointed out.
Jia Jianbin also explained that putting monosodium glutamate in cooking can easily lead to excessive salt. The main component of monosodium glutamate is sodium glutamate. It increases the intake of sodium, which increases the risk of hypertension.
Crime 2-Oil hurts the body, and the traditional method of frying pan is unscientific.
The contribution of oil is indispensable to the delicious Chinese food. It can improve the quality of food and increase the taste. However, oil is also a contradiction between delicacy and nutrition.
Deputy Secretary-General Jia Jianbin said that there are indeed some unhealthy cooking methods in China's traditional diet, especially in restaurants. For example, when cooking, a chef should oil it first, and then fry it in oil. In the process of frying and frying, because of the high temperature of oil, especially starch food, carcinogens such as acrylamide will be produced. For example, potatoes will be harmful to human health after frying. "Every fried food will absorb about 30% oil, so in order to avoid excessive intake, you should try to eat less fried food." Yang Yuexin, Deputy Secretary-General of China Nutrition Society, shared the same feeling in an interview.
For this reason, the reporter specially visited the cooking rooms of several famous catering enterprises in Beijing. When cooking at home, a dish may only need to be oiled once, but in restaurants, after many dishes are cooked, the chef has to pour a layer of bright oil on them in order to increase the color and flavor of the dishes. In this way, people intakes a lot of oil invisibly.
After cooking in a famous Hubei restaurant, the reporter noticed that steamed fish was originally a very light dish, but the chef insisted on pouring bright oil after cooking. This practice is undoubtedly a typical representative of sacrificing health for taste.
In addition, Professor Yu Kang, deputy director of the Nutrition Department of Union Medical College Hospital, said in an interview that the oil fume produced by the traditional wok cooking method contains a lot of oxygen free radicals and some harmful substances, and long-term exposure may cause problems such as excessive accumulation of oxidized substances and obesity. He also emphasized in particular that the cream or butter contained in cakes such as cream cakes is actually artificial oil, which is as harmful to the body as saturated fat. Therefore, the intake of artificial fat has been restricted internationally, but many residents still consume a lot of cream.
Crime 3-Emphasize the heat and sacrifice nutrition for delicious food.
"Chinese food overemphasizes the heat, and emphasizes that long-term cooking methods are far more harmful to water-soluble nutrients (such as vitamins C and B) than western food." Yu Kang said. Among them, the loss of vitamin C is above 40%, and the highest loss can reach 100%.
Deputy Director Yu Kang explained that, for example, green peppers contain a high content of vitamin C, and western food is generally eaten raw or slightly blanched with hot water, while Chinese food is mainly fried with meat. This makes dimension C almost 100% lost. In addition, some people are used to boiling vegetables in water and then pouring the water out. If the cooking time is too long, vitamin C will be almost completely lost. The longer the heating time, the higher the temperature and the greater the loss. Even if you drink boiled water, it is unlikely to get vitamin C, because vitamin C will be decomposed when it is heated.
In addition, Guangdong people prefer to cook soup, which emphasizes the heat, and the longer the time, the better, which is considered to be more nourishing. In fact, for many kinds of food materials, this method is unscientific and counterproductive. 1
Charge 4-single meat, mainly pork
Jia Jianbin believes that, from a nutritional point of view, the traditional diet in China is based on plant food, which is still very healthy. However, in recent years, people favor the delicacy of meat, resulting in a decrease in food intake; At present, an American fashion diet mode is popular in cities, which is very popular among young people. That is, eat little or no food, and eat a lot of meat at will.
Jia Jianbin said that the nutritionists agree that although this diet pattern does have a good weight loss effect in the short term, in the long run, this unbalanced diet structure will cause serious harm to the body. It is especially easy to cause hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Therefore, I advise you not to make fun of your body.
Deputy Director Yu Kang also said that at present, the proportion of pork in meat food is too high in China people's diet structure. The least area accounts for more than 45%, and some residents even 100% only eat pork. Compared with other meats, pork contains the highest cholesterol and saturated fat, so this diet structure will not only cause obesity, but also bring a series of problems related to obesity, such as hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, fatty liver, cholecystitis and so on.
Bad habits1-"junk food" that pursues novelty and changes, and never tires of eating fine and violent food.
In 200 1 year, according to a market survey conducted by the relevant departments in Beijing, parents usually spend 10 to 50 yuan per week on snacks for their children, up to 200 yuan at most, that is, the monthly expenditure in this respect reaches 800 yuan. In this way, the annual consumption expenditure of children in Beijing for snack food has reached nearly 10,000 yuan at most. Most of these snacks are what we commonly call "junk food", such as sweet drinks with high sugar, high fat and high calorie, puffed food and so on.
Besides, there are some changes that we haven't noticed on weekdays. In order to pursue a better taste, many merchants add more sugar, oil or salt and even preservatives when making some traditional foods. For example, we eat moon cakes every year. I still remember that 10 years ago or earlier, moon cakes were never covered with oil like now; Another example is zongzi. The stuffing tastes heavier and heavier, and the production process is more and more exquisite, but the balance of material nutrition is sacrificed. High sugar, high salt and high fat have become a common problem in food production technology. No wonder some experts suggest that more detailed and unified specifications and standards should be formulated for these "good things" that seem to be "not bad people" to control the national intake.
Bad habit 2-hidden overeating: the stomach is swollen.
"In fact, there is a hidden overeating on weekdays that is often easily overlooked." Deputy director Yu Kang said. Although the degree of overeating is not as serious as holidays, and it will not cause diseases immediately, it has exceeded the stomach's tolerance to some extent. In the long run, the stomach will get bigger and bigger, and the energy intake will also increase.
During the festival, it is easy to form such a bad eating habit: don't eat in the morning, eat more at noon, eat seaweed at dinner, and fill your stomach. In this way, on the one hand, it will lead to a large stomach; In addition, after meals, it will increase the burden on the pancreas and gallbladder, and may even lead to acute pancreatitis and gastric dilatation.
In addition, many parents think that it doesn't matter if their children's stomachs are swollen during their growing up, so they can eat more fruits and vegetables, so that they won't eat too much unhealthy food because their stomachs are swollen. But once a child's stomach is swollen, if one day parents can't restrain it, they may choose to eat some unhealthy foods with high heat and high fat. Therefore, it is not a good thing to have a big stomach, so you must keep your stomach small.
Bad Habit 3-Pursuing the Taste of Food and Cultivating Hotel Frequent Guests
People have more opportunities to eat out, not only to pursue delicious food, but also to adapt to the fast-paced modern life, which represents a new consumption concept. But as far as health is concerned, this lifestyle does more harm than good. Hotels can indeed provide more delicious food and high-quality comprehensive services, but too much emphasis on the taste of dishes has brought health damage.
Especially during the Spring Festival, more and more people choose to go out for reunion. Last Spring Festival, according to the statistics of 27 catering enterprises 135 stores in Beijing Municipal Bureau of Commerce, the sales of the New Year's Eve table were hot, and the average order per table was 500- 1000 yuan. And 50% of families choose the New Year's Eve dinner with the price ranging from 400 yuan to 600 yuan.
During the Spring Festival this year, most families "upgraded" to choose the file of 600 yuan to 800 yuan. There is still nearly a week before the Spring Festival, and the booking rate of famous stores has reached more than 90%. The private rooms of famous restaurants in Beijing, such as Jin Million, Jin Dingxuan, Nine-headed Bird, Tianwaitian, and Chu Style, are all vacant on New Year's Eve. The reporter called restaurants such as Yuxiang Renjia and South Beauty, and was told that the number of reservations for New Year's Eve dinner has been rising, and there are not many private rooms to choose from at present.
Statistics show that when people eat out, they tend to eat much more than at home. The tendency of big fish, big meat and big wine is also more serious. Although some shops have put up the signboard of "healthy eating", they emphasize the light and plain New Year's Eve dinner; However, most of them still provide traditional dishes, and the disadvantages of high salt, high oil and long cooking mentioned above are even worse than eating at home.
Fruit should be eaten before meals.
In recent years, China people have formed a habit in their dietary consumption, that is, eating fruit after meals is often based on satiety or even overeating, and then adding food; Almost all of this heat is stored, which aggravates the problem of overweight and obesity. Therefore, it is very important to "adjust" the order of meals. Adults had better eat fruit before each meal.
Eat more cellulose and less oil and salt.
"Maintaining" high fiber intake and maintaining food diversification is a very healthy lifestyle for China people, which needs to be continued. Controlling the intake of meat, oil and salt is the key, while increasing the intake of fruits, milk, grains and potatoes is the scientific adjustment of dietary composition.
"Tiantianwu Fruits and Vegetables"
Compared with artificially synthesized, extracted and manufactured health products, the absorption of nutrients in natural food is superior. For this reason, the World Health Organization and FAO especially recommend the intake of plant food, and put forward the slogan of "five fruits and vegetables every day", that is, strive to eat enough five kinds of fruits and vegetables every day.
Hypertension is a civilized disease.
From the pathogenesis of hypertension, salt in diet is closely related to hypertension. Adding salt to the diet is a dietary habit after the development of human civilization, so hypertension can be considered as a "civilized disease".
Controlling salt should start with dolls.
Experiments show that in the first six months after birth, if the infants are given a high-salt diet, the average blood pressure of this group of infants will be significantly higher than that of the low-salt group at the sixth month. After 15 years of follow-up, it was found that their blood pressure was still higher than that of infants in the low salt group, indicating that this effect was long-term. It seems that the low-salt diet should also be "started from the doll".
The older you get, the easier it is to eat too much salt.
About half of the elderly in China suffer from hypertension, which is closely related to the amount of salt. Because people's sense of taste gradually decreases with the increase of salt intake, and the salt intake gradually increases. Once the habit of heavy mouth is formed, it is very difficult to turn it into a weak mouth, so we must cultivate the habit of weak mouth from an early age, and it may become weak mouth as long as we persist for more than three months.
Good ways to reduce salt dependence
Add some sweet and sour to reduce the dependence on salt; Choose some vegetables that don't need a lot of salt but have their own flavor, such as scrambled eggs with tomatoes; You can also use the unique taste of vegetables to replace the defects of salt, such as the special taste of green peppers, which can make up for the lack of food flavor caused by salt deficiency.
3+3 principle: eat less and eat more, and have a balanced diet.
Add another meal between every two meals of three meals a day. The prerequisite is that the total daily food intake remains unchanged, but the food from the previous meal is divided into two meals. Emphasize that Chinese food should account for 40%, dinner should be as light as possible, and breakfast and dinner should each account for 30%. Food types should be wide, with thick and thin collocation and vegetarian collocation.
Guarantee six ones every day.
An egg, a bag of milk, a catty of vegetables, a certain amount of lean meat (2-4 liang), a couple of tofu and a fruit; The total amount of grease should be controlled below 30 grams, including cooking oil and artificial oil; The general principle is that the lighter you eat, the better, the less you eat at a time, and the smaller your stomach. This ensures the rational allocation of meals.