1. Less mushrooms and low yield caused by unreasonable temperature and humidity, and the solutions.
The growth of Agaricus bisporus goes through two stages: mycelium growth and fruiting body growth, and the requirements for temperature and humidity in these two stages are also different, but from the actual cultivation situation, this is also a place that is particularly prone to problems.
1, misunderstandings in production
Many of our mushroom farmers have misunderstandings about the control of temperature and humidity. The author once met a mushroom farmer in practical guidance, thinking that high humidity and high temperature would improve the fruiting of Agaricus bisporus. Therefore, during the fruiting period, the temperature in the shed was still 2 1℃, and the air humidity reached 90%. As everyone knows, it is the unreasonable temperature and moderate degree that leads to less mushrooms and low yield. Even if mushrooms can be produced, most of them are of poor quality. It is obvious that such products have poor competitiveness in the market.
2. Solutions
According to different growth periods, adjust the temperature and humidity in time to make it suitable for the growth and development of Agaricus bisporus. Under normal circumstances, the optimum temperature for mycelium growth is about 23℃, and the optimum air relative humidity is about 65%. The optimum temperature for fruiting body growth is about 16℃ and the relative humidity of air is about 85. Too high or too low temperature, too dry or too wet humidity are unfavorable to growth and development.
2. Less mushroom production and low yield caused by uneven soil covering and its solutions
Agaricus bisporus must be covered with soil before fruiting. The purpose of covering with soil is to better develop the mycelium into fruiting bodies, and it is impossible to produce mushrooms normally without covering with soil.
1, misunderstanding of covering soil
The misunderstanding of covering soil is mainly uneven, some places are thick and some places are thin. Where the soil is too thick, the mycelium does not have enough strength to top the soil after developing into fruiting bodies; Where the soil is too thin, it is easy to leak the bed after picking mushrooms, and the mycelium will be drowned if the humidity is too high.
2. Solutions
Before fruiting, when covering the surface of the cultivation base material, try to cover the soil evenly. The general standard thickness of covering soil is about 3 cm. Before covering the soil, cover the cultivation base materials with hands, and then cover the soil. After covering the soil, scrape the soil evenly by hands, but avoid compaction to keep the soil loose.
If it has entered the fruiting period, after the mushrooms are picked, use a small rake to rake off the soil beyond the thickness of the covered soil; Sprinkle some soil where the soil is insufficient to meet the requirements of soil covering.
The selection of Agaricus bisporus covering soil is also very particular. Clay should be selected, and about 40 kilograms of rice husk should be added to the clay 1 m3 before covering soil, and the soil humidity should be kept at 18%~20%. The criterion is that it is appropriate to hold it in hand and loosen it. Adding rice husk to clay can increase air permeability and keep the soil loose.
It takes about 15 days from covering the soil to fruiting. During this period, the mushroom window can be sprayed with weakly alkaline lime water several times a day. Generally, the required amount of water is 5 kg/m2, which can be sprayed 4-5 times in 2 days. After spraying, ventilate the mushroom shed for 4-5 hours, and then close the mushroom shed. Hanging bacteria? During this period, the temperature is controlled at about 23℃ and the air relative humidity is controlled at about 85%.
Third, the reasons and solutions of the emergence of high-legged mushrooms
In the actual cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, although it can produce mushrooms normally, the phenomenon of long-legged mushrooms often appears. The so-called high-legged mushroom refers to the deformed mushroom with small mushroom cover, loose mushroom cover and long mushroom legs.
1, the reason for the emergence of Pleurotus ostreatus
Agaricus bisporus is an aerobic fungus. The lack of oxygen in the fruiting stage will lead to the poor growth of the fruiting body, small lid and long legs, which is what we call high-legged mushroom, resulting in low yield and poor quality. Therefore, good ventilation is another key factor to improve the quality and yield of Agaricus bisporus. And many of our mushroom farmers are very casual in ventilation.
2, the emergence of high-legged mushroom solutions.
Generally speaking, in winter, the lower three rows of shed windows cannot be ventilated. Because the weather is too cold, it is easy to get into cold air. The correct way is to open two rows of shed windows at the top of the mushroom shed for ventilation. Moreover, the gap for opening the window should be small, and generally, ventilation window can be opened for 2~3 cm. If the upper and lower windows are opened at the same time, it is easy to pull the wind, so the cold air convection is very serious, resulting in a sudden drop in the temperature in the shed. When the temperature in the shed is lower than 10℃, Agaricus bisporus will stop growing.
Therefore, proper ventilation should be carried out in winter. If the north wind blows, there will be little wind or no ventilation in the north, and the ventilation in the south can be larger accordingly; Similarly, if the south wind blows, the ventilation in the south will be small, while the ventilation in the north can be larger. When it rains or snows, you can change the air once every two or three days. In addition, the ventilation time should also be properly controlled, and it is generally recommended to ventilate after 10 noon.
In a word, the ventilation of mushroom shed should follow certain rules. When the outdoor temperature is higher than 18℃, it should be ventilated in the morning and evening. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 14℃, ventilate at noon. Ventilation time can be increased or decreased according to weather changes.
In addition, Agaricus bisporus can generally be picked after 3~5 days of excavation. After picking, you can't pull it out hard, which will bring out the surrounding fruiting bodies (small mushroom buds) and die. The correct picking method is to grasp the mushroom cap by hand and twist it like a bottle cap, so that the surrounding hyphae and small mushrooms will not be destroyed.
In the cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, there are few mushrooms, low yield and high-legged mushrooms, which are not only related to our unreasonable temperature and humidity control, but also directly related to improper soil covering and ventilation. This requires us to pay attention to these key factors, manage accurately and create suitable conditions for the growth of Agaricus bisporus in actual management, so as to achieve the purpose of producing more mushrooms, good quality and high yield, and then maximize economic benefits.