How to write a paper? Many people will tell you that the first step in writing a paper is to read a lot of literature first.

why? Your tutor has read countless articles in many battles, and he won't know that you haven't even figured out what the most basic paper is. But in fact, when most people write their graduation thesis for the first time, they really don't understand what the thesis is. I haven't even seen a decent paper. In this case, reading a lot of literature will only delay time, and the more you read, the more chaotic it will be.

Because each document is very long, there are many papers with very astringent word order (which may be the result of weight loss), it will take a long time to read it from beginning to end. Thirdly, if you have never written a paper, you may not be able to distinguish the junk from the essence. Knowing that there are a lot of papers on the Internet, it is no exaggeration to say that many junk documents will not help your research results after reading them. For example, you've never been in the kitchen, and you can't even choose or cut the dishes, so you start reading and studying the chef's recipes and are ready to cook a big dish. Do you feel that there are some steps missing?

Therefore, before you know the structure of the paper, don't download a bunch of documents rashly (you can't read it after you download it).

Therefore, the first step in writing a thesis is suggested: you need to know what the structure of a qualified graduation thesis is.

whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student, whether you are a liberal arts, business or science and engineering, your graduation thesis has a relatively fixed structure. Graduation thesis is generally divided into 5-6 chapters. (There may be some differences according to the requirements of each school or discipline, but it is basically the same structure.)

Chapter I: Introduction

Chapter II: Theoretical basis (or literature review)

Chapter III: Research hypothesis

Chapter IV: Demonstration process

Chapter V: Research conclusion

Chapter VI: Research hypothesis.

Chapter I: Introduction

Chapter I generally contains several secondary titles: research background, research purpose and significance, research methods, paper structure, etc ...

As soon as you listen to the titles, you should know that this part of the basic field is empty talk, mainly about the research background and purpose. Since you have chosen this topic, all these contents can be written with your eyes closed. Suggestions are made. (It is not recommended to write papers in chapter order, for example, the introduction part can be placed in the back position. ) I will talk about the writing order in the second step.

chapter ii: theoretical basis (or literature review)

the part is relatively important, because the biggest difference between writing a paper and writing other articles is that each of your opinions and conclusions must have a source-either through your own experiments or supported by previous research results. Therefore, this part of the celebration is equivalent to the foundation of Gai Lou.

but from another angle, this part is just the basis of previous studies, and a large part of the contents are references. Basically, the first draft doesn't need to be written by myself, so it doesn't take too much time. In a strict sense, the final weight reduction can be carried out only after a theoretical foundation. But if you need to play cards according to common sense today, I don't need to write an answer. Since I'm talking about finishing my thesis for graduation, my trick is that this step can be written after the core part. I will introduce the writing order in detail in the second step.

insert a citation here. For the citation format, please refer to the citation marking standard of each school. You can mark it while writing, or you can mark it uniformly after writing.

Chapter 3: Propose the research hypothesis.

it and the fourth chapter are the core of the full-text writing! Please note that I am talking about the core of writing, not the core of defense and the whole paper (the core of the whole paper is generally the third chapter and the fifth chapter), but for writing a paper, these two chapters are what I suggest must be completed first. Because of different disciplines, the differences between these two chapters are large, but the general direction is the same. Let me take my own thesis (sociology) as an example.

the content of my third chapter is empirical analysis, and the second-level titles are interview and investigation, establishment of research hypothesis and model, questionnaire design and data collection.

in short, the third chapter generally discusses what research hypotheses you put forward on the basis of the theory in the second chapter. It is also the core point of your whole literary theory.

chapter four: argumentation process.

generally speaking, it is a process of analyzing the collected data on the basis of the research hypothesis put forward in chapter 3 to verify whether your hypothesis is valid. This rolling ear part usually takes a long time (but not writing time, but research time), because there will be a process of calculation or research. (And if there is any problem with the verification result, you have to do it again and again)

Chapter V: Research conclusion.

In fact, this part is very important in the whole paper, especially in applied disciplines. Because he not only explains what conclusions you have drawn from your research process, but also what assumptions you put forward in the third chapter are valid and which ones are not? And it is related to the significance of your research results or the results of your paper, and whether it has practical value.

please remember: when writing a paper, the conclusion of the fifth chapter is the focus, but not the difficulty.

why do you say that? Because as long as you get the third and fourth chapters done, the conclusion of the fifth chapter is a natural thing, and you can basically get ideas in one go. But if the third and fourth chapters are stuck, or there are various mistakes, then the fifth chapter can't be written smoothly. Therefore, it is emphasized again that the third and fourth chapters are the most difficult points in writing.

Chapter 6: It's even simpler: research deficiency and prospect.

Personally, this part doesn't matter, because every paper is not perfect. When you write, you will definitely find 1, defects. Therefore, at the end of self-criticism, choose a few less principled issues to talk about, such as: the scope of the research object is not wide enough, the theoretical model can be refined, and so on. I hope future generations can continue to study and so on. Here, you can learn from other people's literature about how I criticize and look forward to it, which is basically a routine.

At this point, I believe that you have already understood the general contents of each chapter, and then you can enter the second step, which is also an important step for senior sister to start writing papers at this stage: the allocation of writing order and time "simple operation"

Step 2: arrange the writing order and time input of each chapter on the basis of clear structure. Why do I say it is very important to arrange writing order and time allocation? Anyone who has written a paper should have a good idea in his mind. Even if you are given enough time to write a paper for one year, you will definitely put it off until you can't put it off any longer. The so-called DDL is the primary productive force. I don't believe that you have the ability to start writing papers at a constant speed every day six months in advance. Who is not finally driven crazy by DDL and keeps up with the progress every day?

Therefore, after using this Sao operation sequence and reasonably allocating time investment, even if the time is tight, the paper can still be completed as scheduled and excellently.

The most efficient writing order is as follows:

First, briefly explain why this order is arranged: First of all, the first three chapters are the core of the whole paper. In fact, when you are preparing your topic, the plan of these three chapters should have already taken shape. If there is experimental research, it may be necessary to do the experiment almost long ago. Therefore, it is most efficient to write the core part while the research process is still hot.

if you have completed these four chapters, the first draft of your paper has basically been completed 9%. The last two chapters, the introduction of the first chapter and the sixth chapter are insufficient and prospected, that is, sprinkling water, and it is absolutely airy.

Finally, talk about time allocation:

In terms of time allocation, according to the chapters written just now: Chapter III (Proposing Hypothesis)-Chapter IV (Argumentation Process)-Chapter V (Research Conclusion)-Chapter II (Theoretical Summary)-Others (at will), they are reduced in turn.

why do you arrange your time like this? The first is that importance determines the allocation of time. This has been explained above. Second, if the time is really too late, you can copy and paste the last part from the second chapter before checking the duplicate, and finish the first draft first. Then check the weight by reducing the weight and modifying it to gain time.

Step 3: Download and read the relevant literature, read only the core part

Although I don't agree to read a lot of literature as soon as you start, you can download and read the literature in a targeted way after you have finished the paper framework and the second step of writing sorting. But reading literature is also skillful: first of all, through the first two steps, you are familiar with the structure and routine of the paper and know where the core of each paper is, so when you start reading literature, you just need to look at its core.

Generally, it takes only a few minutes to read the abstract first. If you feel it is of some reference value, first pull to the research conclusion in Chapter 5, and then look at the hypothetical model in Chapter 3. Basically, the core content of this article is mastered. By screening some documents that you think are of reference value, you only need to select a few elite articles as the key reference content. Then you may ask, do you really need to read all the references you need when writing your thesis? Hey, hey, here's a trick to share. There are bound to be many cited articles in the selected papers, so you can follow the lead and directly quote the documents cited in other people's papers.

Step 4: Start writing in the arranged order.

This step has actually been described in detail in the second step. Here is just a reminder of the steps. The first three steps are actually the preparation stage, and the real writing begins here!

Step 5: Hand in the first draft

The writing of the first draft is a process from to 1, which must be painful and massive, but remember, in this stage of the first draft, because of the huge workload, don't pursue perfection, just follow my method above to achieve the word count task. Completion is more important than perfection at this time! There is a saying circulating on the Internet: "When you paste the first draft of your paper and hand it in, you will successfully transfer the pain to your tutor, because he will worry about how to correct your paper.

I can't elaborate on the tutor's revision, because the requirements of different tutors in different schools and the degree of review vary greatly. The responsible tutor will give you a paragraph-by-paragraph annotation and revision, and many tutors won't even look at it. But no matter what kind of tutor you are, you still have to remember that the paper still depends on yourself.

Here, I praise my tutor without my real name, and I have carefully revised my thesis, and even found out the format problems one by one, so that I can constantly optimize the details after the first draft and avoid a lot of trouble. Touched ......

Step 6: Reduce the weight

After the tutor has revised it almost, it is the link of reducing the weight. When writing the first draft, the debts that were fooled at that time should be paid off now, but don't be scared. It is not difficult technically.

It is suggested that the first weight reduction should be tested from the school library, and there will be detailed duplicate marks for easy modification. If the number of duplicate checking provided by the school is limited, you can also use reliable duplicate checking systems such as Tadpole Paper and VIP, and then modify and reduce the weight according to the duplicate checking report.

Generally, the place with the highest duplicate checking rate is the theoretical basis, because there may be large-scale copying and pasting, and there are many references. There is no shortcut to the method of reducing weight, but there is no technical difficulty. Just use Chinese knowledge to restate other people's views in your own words. That's why I asked everyone not to put the theoretical foundation in such a front position and start writing, and it doesn't take too much time to copy and paste it first, and then modify it sentence by sentence when the weight is reduced, but at this time, there is no difficulty, just a little time is needed. Below, I attach some papers summarized before to you to reduce weight skills.

step 7: typesetting, adjusting details and submitting the final draft-please pursue perfection.

don't underestimate the typesetting and detail adjustment. Although each school has different requirements for typesetting and standardization, rigorous typesetting and avoiding low-level mistakes are the embodiment of academic norms, and can also avoid the tutor's criticism of your academic imprecision in defense to the greatest extent. In this respect, general schools will have their own standard manuals, mainly careful and careful! And modify the standardization in strict accordance with the requirements.

Finally, I wish you all success in completing your graduation thesis.