Pro w SP3 VL: It's a Professional version, that is, a professional version. With VL at the back, it means it's a VOL version, that is, a big customer or an enterprise version, because VOL is a volume license version, using VLK, a volume license key. It will be activated automatically after entering the VOL authorization key, without additional activation.
Pro w SP3: It's a Professional version without VL, which generally refers to the Retail version, which needs to be activated.
Vol is the abbreviation of volume licensing for organizations, which means "group volume license" in Chinese. According to this license, enterprises or governments can get preferential treatment when they need to buy a large amount of software. The label of the CD of this product is marked with the word "vol", so the first three letters of "volume" are taken to indicate that it is a batch. & T) E3 y7 L8 L) c7 r E/ M
- V& The version of j 1 s- p( w2 }4 E is subdivided into five versions according to the purchase quantity, such as "open license", "select license", "enterprise agreement" and "academic volume license", which is the Shanghai government's vol version xp. According to the vol plan, vol products do not need to be activated (whether upgraded to sp 1 or sp2).
Pro version is divided into retail version and VOL version, and the retail version can be installed without serial number. VOL version is a big customer version, and you must have a serial number to install it.
What is the OEM version?
The word OEM is simply too common in computer hardware products, such as OEM optical drives, OEM monitors and OEM mice. Some people even think that it is a brand with quality assurance. So, how much do you know about OEM? Does saying that a product is an OEM product mean trustworthy?
In fact, OEM has a close relationship with modern industrial society. Some famous brand goods manufacturers often turn to other manufacturers for help because their factories can't meet the requirements of mass production, or they need certain parts.
These helping manufacturers are called OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer). If IT is extended to the IT field, it means those manufacturers who do OEM work. For example, CPU fans are produced by Intel or AMD itself.
What about ODM? It turns out that after a manufacturer designs a product, in some cases, it may be seen by manufacturers of other brands, requiring them to match the brand name of the latter for production, or slightly modifying some designs (such as key positions) for production. The biggest advantage of this is that other manufacturers have reduced their own development time. Some people also habitually call these products OEM, but in fact they should be called ODM (Original Design Manufacturer). For example, some Japanese brands of notebook computers are actually manufactured by Taiwan Province manufacturers. Afterwards, Taiwan Province notebook computer manufacturers can carry out mass production under their own brand names as long as they modify some design details or accessories. The reason is that they make ODM for these Japanese brands instead of OEM. Of course, we can say that they are all produced from the same production line.
The biggest difference between OEM and ODM is not just the name. OEM products are tailor-made for brand manufacturers, and only the brand name can be used after production, and it is absolutely impossible to carry out production with the producer's own name. ODM depends on whether the brand enterprise has bought out the copyright of the product. If not, the manufacturer has the right to organize its own production, as long as there is no design identification of the enterprise company.
In industrial society, OEM and ODM are commonplace. Because of the consideration of manufacturing cost, transportation convenience and saving development time, well-known brand enterprises are generally willing to find other manufacturers OEM or ODM. When looking for other enterprises to carry out OEM or ODM, well-known brand enterprises also have to bear a lot of responsibilities. After all, the product is crowned by its own brand. If the quality of the product is not good, at least customers will come to the door to complain, and at worst they may go to court. Therefore, brand enterprises will definitely carry out strict quality control during the entrusted processing period. But after the OEM, the quality can't be guaranteed. Therefore, when some merchants tell you that the manufacturer of a product is an OEM or ODM product of a big brand, never believe that its quality is equivalent to the brand. The only thing you can believe is that this manufacturer has a certain production capacity.
In addition, I wonder if you have ever encountered such a situation: when you go to the computer city to buy products (such as LCD monitors), the merchants introduce to you that the LCD panel of a certain Taiwan Province brand LCD monitor is OEM of a certain Japanese manufacturer. In fact, this statement is a rather wrong concept. First of all, in order to ensure the quality and reputation of the brand, the name of ODM or OEM company is confidential. If brand A laptops are made by brand B, will people still buy more expensive brand A products? Therefore, the above example of LCD display is actually only that the Taiwan Province brand has purchased Japanese LCD panel accessories for production. Whether the quality is good or not can't be completely believed. Then how can we identify whether the OEM has adopted the accessories of well-known manufacturers? Take LCD display as an example, at present, its core technology is still controlled by several big manufacturers in Japan and South Korea. Consumers can identify from technical indicators. For example, liquid crystal displays with a contrast ratio of 400: 1 are only produced by companies such as Hitachi and Fujitsu in Japan, while products with a contrast ratio of 350: 1 are mainly produced by Samsung in South Korea and NEC in Japan.
In fact, for consumers, what they are most afraid of is some specious abbreviations, such as OEM and ODM, which sometimes really confuse people. However, as long as we read more and learn more new knowledge, don't be afraid to get bored when a seller says OEM or ODM. Go home and find out first, then no matter OEM or ODM, the problem is not big.
Official version, pre-installed version and retail version
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Usually, there are three versions of Microsoft's operating system, which are only sold to different people and used the same.
(a)Retail. (retail version): the kind that you see with beautiful packaging. You can upgrade the installation or install it completely.
(b)OEM. (Random version): It can only be shipped with the machine, not for retail, so it is called random version. It can only be completely installed, not upgraded from the old operating system. If you buy a notebook computer or a brand computer, you will have a random version of the software. The packaging is not as beautiful as the retail version, usually only one CD and instructions (power of attorney).
(c)Upgrade: The packaging is the same as the retail version, but the price is much cheaper. You can only upgrade the installation. If you want to install it completely, the installer will check the old operating system CD, and then you can install it.
The above three kinds are available in the market, and there are also versions signed by companies and groups with Microsoft. For example, MSDN.Select is the version that Microsoft gives to MSDN (MS.Developer.Network) subscribers. Microsoft sends a box of CDs to MSDN subscribers every season, and the contents of that pile of CDs depend on the contents of your contract with Microsoft. There are also a large number of licensed versions. A large number of authorized versions of WinXP do not need to be activated, only the serial number is needed. In addition, we often see the words Beta,RC 1,RTM. What do they mean?
Beta: It's easy to understand that it's a beta version, and the version at this stage will always add new functions.
RC (release. Candidate): Candidate means candidate, and when used in software, it means release candidate.
Release.Candidate. Is to issue release candidate. The biggest difference from the Beta version is that new functions will always be added in the Beta stage, but in the RC version, almost no new functions will be added, and the focus will be on debugging!
Rtm (release.to.manufacturing): manufacturing means manufacturing. Does it take some time to press, package and distribute the tablets before they are officially put on the shelves in retail stores? Therefore, the program code must be completed some time before the official release. The completed program code is called Final.Code. This time, Windows.XP has been developed, and foreign media use Windows.
XP.goes.gold to call it. After the program code is developed, the master film should be sent to the factory for a large number of tabletting, and this version is called RTM version. Therefore, the RTM version of the program code must be the same as the official version. However, there are some differences from the official version: for example, the OEM in the official version can't be upgraded and installed, and the upgraded version will check the CD of the old operating system if it is to be completely installed. These are the differences between RTM and the official version, but their main program codes are the same.
Q 1. What is VOL?
A: Let's talk about volume licensing for organizations, which means group volume license in Chinese. According to this license, enterprises or governments can get preferential treatment when they need to buy a large amount of software. The label of the CD of this product is marked with the word "VOL", so the first three letters of "Volume" are taken to indicate that it is a batch. This version is further divided into five versions according to the purchase quantity, such as "Open License", "Select License", "Enterprise Agreement" and "academic volume license". The Shanghai government VOL XP we are talking about is this batch purchase version. According to the VOL plan, VOL products do not need to be activated (whether upgraded to SP 1 or SP2).
Q2. What is VLK?
A: vlk is not a version! The full name of VLK is VOLume Licensing KEY, which refers to the key required by the VOL version in deployment, and it is only used in the Vol version. In short, for the VOL XP, VLK is the installation KEY with PID of 640. For example, the installation KEY, DG8FV-B9TKY-FRT9J-6CRCC-XPQ4G, brought by Shanghai government's VOL XP is a VLK. The function of VLK is only to prove the legalization of products.
What's the difference between Q3. VOL XP and the original XP?
A: According to the license agreement, the original version, that is, the retail version of XP can only be used on one PC, while the VOL version of XP can be supplied to multiple PCs according to the agreement. Another important difference is that the retail version of XP needs to be activated, while the VOL version of XP has no such concept at all. The VOL version of XP has no version of Home, and its function is the same as that of the Professional version.
Q4. How to read the volume label of Windows XP CD?
A: Take a CD-ROM volume label WXPFPP_CN, and the first W indicates a Windows product; The second x stands for XP; The third p means Professional version, and FPP(Full Packaged Product, that is, retail version) means that this Windows is retail version, and if it is VOL, it means VOL version; CN means that the language is simplified Chinese. If it is EN, of course it is English. The CD label of Shanghai government edition is WXPVOL_CN, so I don't need to explain it. Is there a CD label like WXHVOL_EN? The answer is no, because VOL has no HOME version.
Q5. Are the contents of XP in different VOL versions of the same language the same?
A: yes. The contents of VOL XP under various licenses and agreements mentioned above are the same. /kloc-the VOL XP licensed for 0/000 people is no different from the VOL XP licensed for 1000 people. Similarly, the VOL XP used by the Beijing Municipal Government (if any) is the same as the VOL XP used by the Shanghai Municipal Government. It's just that we only have WINDOWS XP leaked by the Shanghai municipal government.
Q6. Can you get the VOL version of XP by substitution?
A: of course. In order to thoroughly understand this problem, I specially found two English WINDOWS XP CDs, one is the original and the other is the VOL version. The reason why we don't take the Chinese version to test is that there is no original Chinese VOL on the market, and the leaked one has already integrated SP 1. I think only Microsoft has the original one. I unzipped the files of two CDs into two folders, used NoClone to find the files with exactly the same content, and then deleted them. In the last two folders, there are only 8 files in the I386 directory (it is rumored that there are 9 files on the Internet, which is deceptive):
DPCDLL.DL_，NT5 1NF.CA_，OEMBIOS.BI_，OEMBIOS.CA_，OEMBIOS.DA_，OEMBIOS.SI_， PIDGEN.DLL，SETUPP.INI
Undoubtedly, this is the difference between the two versions of WINDOWS. I copied the original six files to the VOL version, and the installed system required me to activate, count the number with the number counter, and activate online, which was successful; Copy the six files of VOL version to the original version, and the installed system does not activate this concept at all, and even the shortcut to activate WINDOWS can't be found. VOL version is undoubtedly.
Q7. Will these 8 files change after upgrading to SP 1 or SP2 (please see)?
A: yes. After upgrading to SP 1 or SP2, all eight files have changed, and the activation authentication mechanism of XP has also changed. This also explains why WINDOWS XP can't be activated on the Internet with the counter after upgrading to SP 1 or SP2.
There are various versions of Windows XP and Windows 2003 Server circulating in the market. Apart from the differences between Chinese and English versions and with or without SP (these are not important), the two most important differences are as follows:
1, whether it needs to be cracked, in other words, whether it needs to be activated.
2. Do you support online update of windows-update?
These two points are very important. A good and perfect windows must have these two conditions, both of which are indispensable because:
1, if you need to activate, either crack or count. Cracking is just a program that runs every time it is turned on. Preventing the activation process from starting will occupy system resources. What's more, once a new patch is installed, cracking is likely to fail, and users may never get into this system that has been used for a long time, installed countless software and saved countless personalized settings. It takes a lot of time to calculate the number, and there is no guarantee that it will be successful, but once a usable number is calculated, it is no different from retail genuine.
2. If online update is not supported, according to the current speed of worm virus, the consequence of not patching in time is being infected by worms that exploit windows vulnerabilities to invade the system. Although you can manually patch and install a personal firewall to prevent the invasion of trojans and worms, once you miss patching, or the firewall is not set properly, or there are loopholes in the firewall itself, there is still the possibility of being infected with viruses at any time. Furthermore, the firewall occupies more system resources, especially norton's firewall. It is recommended that you don't have 5 12M memory, and it is best not to use it.
OEM versions: For example, the versions given by Microsoft OEM to Dell, Lenovo and IBM are also allowed to be distributed in large quantities. Although strictly speaking, each machine has a specific serial number (which is on the COA Microsoft genuine label), and the OEM receives money according to the number of copies, these versions are too large to be activated one by one, far exceeding the number of retail versions. In addition, due to some other considerations, these versions do not need to be activated, so basically any valid OEM serial number should be available for this purpose. The OEM version can play SP, but whether it can support online update depends on the specific OEM version. Generally speaking, the bigger and more famous an enterprise is, the more likely it is to support online update, such as versions of IBM, Dell and HP, such as XP OEM version made for 16 notebook manufacturers (famous 16 in 1). It is recommended to use the version that supports online update, but I have never seen an OEM version that does not support online update. If you know that there is such an imperfect version, please post it and correct me.
Windows XP Home Edition is a Home version. Although Microsoft recommends home computers to use the home version, the performance and security of the home version are not much better than that of the Professional version (the performance seems to be slightly worse). And some software needs Professional support. In addition, due to the lack of management components, the system maintenance of the Home version is a problem. You don't want to disable a malicious program through system configuration when it automatically starts with the system.
Nowadays, all kinds of universal ghost installation discs and files of windows xp system are popular. It takes more than ten minutes to install the system just by restoring the ghost image file and decorating the driver. However, all kinds of universal ghost version system CDs include fine products, XX, and even the trap of leaving the back door behind!
A, xp universal ghost system analysis:
When making the universal ghost system, the redundant files of windows are deleted after successful installation, and the hardware information is deleted, and then the system is packaged. If before installation, the producer intentionally replaces a system file with a Trojan backdoor, or opens some ports in the system, opens some dangerous services, and leaves some empty password accounts, then the produced ghost system will have various security loopholes. After these ghost systems spread out, users who use these systems may be controlled by the author as broilers.
Second, the ghost version of the system common vulnerabilities list:
1: Empty password remote desktop vulnerability, which can be used for 3389 remote login and remote task system operation. Uses: Use 3389 vulnerabilities to brush Q coins and steal adsl password accounts.
2. Hide the vulnerability of * * *, any user can access * * *, which is not the default ipc$***, and it can be found that the privilege of * * * is fully controlled by everyone. There are many uses, and guest can also format your hard disk.
3. New user's empty password vulnerability, which is the same as administrator's password vulnerability.
4. Start the dangerous service. In the service tool, you can find that many dangerous services are turned on, and the remote tab allows users to remotely connect to this computer and start it.
5: The firewall has been tampered with. In the system firewall, it can be seen that the items that are not opened by default and allowed to pass are all checked.
6. Rogue software and backdoor Trojans, installing a lot of rogue software for users privately. What's even scarier is to replace the system files with gray pigeon trojans! (And now there is software to clone the version information of system files, which can disguise Trojan files to look like system files, including identification, size and so on! )
Third, the dangerous ghost xp system version detection
The list of known problematic versions is as follows:
1: Tomato Garden Series Tomato Garden windows xp prosp2 Inactive Version v2.8 and 2.9
2: Rainforest Wood Wind Series Rain Forest Wind ghost winxp2 v2.0 Installed Edition Pure Member Edition y 1.7 v 1.85
3: Donghai Computer Company Edition ghostxp_sp2 Computer Company Special Edition V4.0V4.1V5.0V5.1V5.5.