The quality of seedlings directly affects the stress resistance, maturity and yield of pepper.
Pepper is generally raised in a sunny bed and a small arched membrane. The specific methods are as follows.
1. The seedbed built on the sunny side is semi-underground, with the north wall 60-80 cm high and the south wall 20-30 cm high. Plastic film, straw mat, etc. It can be used as a cover for the sun bed, and can be covered with straw mats or wheat straw after being covered with film.
2. Generally, the membrane width of small arch shed is 1.2 ~ 2m, and the arch height is1m.. After the film is covered, the grass will be covered at night.
3. Generally, 7-8 parts of fertile garden soil, 2-3 parts of decomposed manure or chicken manure are used to prepare nursery soil, and an appropriate amount of ternary compound fertilizer is added. 8- 10g of 50% carbendazim powder and 25g of 10% phoxim granules per square meter are mixed, fully stirred and spread on the bed surface, and the bed surface is required to be flat and the nursery soil is spread evenly.
4, seed treatment with 50~55℃ warm water while stirring the seeds, until the water temperature drops to 30℃, stop stirring, soak the seeds 12~24 hours, to ensure that the seeds fully absorb water. In the process of soaking seeds, the seeds can be washed 2~3 times and changed with water 1~2 times. After the seeds are soaked, take out the seeds and drain the water before planting. It can also be put at 25~30℃ to accelerate germination, and sow when most seeds turn white after 4~5 days.
5. Spring sowing seedlings are generally arranged around the end of February of the lunar calendar, and areas with long frost-free period can be advanced appropriately, not later than March 5. Water the soles of your feet before sowing. Generally, water is used for irrigation before planting, and sowing is carried out when there is no water on the bed surface. Sow the seeds evenly in the seedbed (it takes15m2 to plant an acre of land), then cover with fine soil with a thickness of about 1 cm, and then cover with a layer of plastic film. When the seeds turn white, they are exposed to the sun in time, and then covered with a transparent film, and covered with grass or wheat straw at night. Second, seedbed management.
There are three links in seedbed management, that is, do a good job of heat preservation and antifreeze in the early stage to promote early emergence and full emergence; Adjust the temperature and humidity reasonably in the middle period to prevent the seedlings from burning and flashing; Strengthen seedling exercise in the later stage to prevent overgrowth and improve seedling adaptability and stress resistance.
1, thinning and pulling seedlings should be carried out at noon on a calm sunny day, and plastic film should be covered at any time. 4~6 leaves are ventilated when the temperature rises in the border at noon, and the tuyere is gradually increased from small to large to prevent the seedlings from flashing due to the rapid temperature change. 5~7 days before planting, uncover the film all day and do adaptive exercise.
2. Water and fertilizer management Seedbeds are generally not watered, but when the topsoil is dry at noon and the seedlings are wilting, a little warm water can be sprayed at noon. When the seedlings with insufficient base fertilizer turn yellow, 0.4% urea water can be sprayed. Third, cultivation techniques.
1, apply sufficient base fertilizer and carefully prepare pepper, which is suitable for continuous cropping and low-lying land. Apply foot fertilizer, and then apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, with 3000-5000 kg of high-quality soil fertilizer, 25 kg of diammonium, 0/5-20 kg of potassium sulfate 10- 15 kg of urea, or 50 kg of calcium superphosphate, 20-25 kg of potassium sulfate and 20-30 kg of urea per mu.
2. When ridging and film-mulching soil preparation, deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out, so that it is smooth, fine and free of sundries, and it is appropriate to plough deeply for about 25 cm, and then ridging and film-mulching should be carried out, and the ridge height is 10~ 15 cm. When covering the film, tie the film tightly and seal it with soil. It should be completed 7~ 10 days before transplanting, and it can be advanced appropriately according to soil moisture.
3. Reasonable close planting of transplanted seedlings ① Transplanting time. Spring sowing is generally required to be completed before May 1, and the area with long frost-free period can be advanced appropriately, and the transplanting should be completed within 5 days after the final frost period at the latest. ② Transplanting large and strong seedlings. Large seedlings and strong seedlings can be transplanted quickly and have strong resistance, which is beneficial to high yield. ③ Transplantation. Water the seedbed the day before transplanting, with more soil and less root damage. Handle with care when transporting seedlings to reduce seedling damage. Plant 2 rows in each ridge, dig planting holes according to plant spacing, plant 2 plants in each hole, compact the seedlings with soil and water them immediately after planting. If the watering conditions are poor, pour some water into the hole and plant seedlings. ④ Reasonable close planting. Pepper plants are small and compact, and should be densely planted in the field, with an average row spacing of 40-45cm and a hole spacing of 20-25cm, with two plants per hole and 6500-7000 holes per mu. Fourth, strengthen on-site management
1, fertilizer and water management generally adopts one-time fertilization method. Generally, topdressing is not needed during the growing period. In the land with poor fertilizer conservation or poor dry fertilizer removal, 20 kg of urea should be applied in conjunction with intertillage during flowering. According to the dry and wet state of the surface, water it in time, try to water it on cloudy days or in the evening, don't bathe in the hot sun, and it is forbidden to flood irrigation.
2, intertillage weeding slow seedlings should be timely intertillage, in order to improve the ground temperature and promote early seedlings.
3. The yield of capsicum annuum is mainly concentrated in the lateral branches, accounting for about 80%~90%, and the main stem accounts for about 10%. Late topping affects the growth of lateral branches, so within 5~7 days after seedling delay, about 8 leaves will be topped, thus limiting the growth of main stem, promoting the growth of lateral branches and improving yield.
4. Pests and diseases control pepper diseases mainly include anthracnose, virus disease, epidemic disease, bacterial angular leaf spot, sunburn and so on. Virus diseases are easy to occur in the case of high temperature and drought and aphid occurrence, which can be controlled by spraying virus A and ice spirit combined with aphid control; Bacterial angular leaf spot and bacterial wilt are easy to occur under high temperature and high humidity, and antiviral alum and bactericide can be used to control them. In rainy season, especially after heavy rain, the weather turns fine, and high temperature is easy to cause epidemic diseases, so it is advisable to use chemicals such as Cobo and antiviral alum for prevention and control; Dry weather, strong light, easy to get sunburned. Chemical substances such as calcium amino acid and calcium carbamate should be sprayed in time to prevent and enhance resistance. Pests mainly include aphids, planthoppers, cotton bollworms, etc. It is advisable to use aphids and lice first. Spray control of diphacinone and deltamethrin.