1. Influence on blood system
(1) Anticoagulant effect 300% Auricularia auricula decoction 1 ml/ 100 g was taken orally for 20 days. The experimental results show that Auricularia auricula can prolong the time of partial thromboplastin in white clay by 65438 02.06 s, and improve the plasma antithrombin ⅲ activity, which has obvious anticoagulant effect. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 50mg/kg has obvious anticoagulant effect on intravenous injection, intraperitoneal injection and gastric perfusion in mice. In vitro experiments, auricularia auricula polysaccharide also has strong anticoagulant activity.
(2) The phosphate buffered saline extract of Auricularia auricula significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro, and blocked the release of 5- hydroxytryptamine from ADP-activated platelets below 65438 0.6 μ mol/L. The effective component of Auricularia auricula's antiplatelet effect was water-soluble. After oral administration of 70g auricularia auricula, the platelet function began to decline within 3h and lasted for 24h. The acid extract from auricularia auricula mycelium can obviously inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation in rats in vivo (intravenous injection 10g/kg or oral administration 10g/kg for a long time 15d) and in vitro (25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100mg (mycelium) /ml). The ethanol extracts of 5 g/kg and 7 g/kg, *** 15d, can obviously shorten the electrophoresis time of red blood cells. The results of intraperitoneal injection of auricularia auricula acidic heteropolysaccharide in mice showed that the polysaccharide had the effects of promoting leukocytosis, anticoagulation and lowering platelets, and its activity increased with the decrease of polysaccharide molecular weight and uronic acid content, that is, its biological activity depended on the solubility of polysaccharide in water.
(3) Oral administration of auricularia auricula polysaccharide 18.5mg/kg in rabbits with antithrombotic diseases can obviously prolong the time of specific thrombosis and fibrin thrombosis, shorten the length of thrombus, reduce the wet and dry weight of thrombus, reduce the number of platelets, reduce the platelet adhesion rate and blood viscosity, obviously shorten the euglobulin lysis time of guinea pigs, reduce the plasma fibrinogen content and improve the activity of fibrinolytic enzyme. The results showed that auricularia auricula polysaccharide had obvious antithrombotic effect.
(4) Mice with leukocytosis were injected with auricularia auricula polysaccharide 2mg/ mouse intraperitoneally for 7 days, which had a good effect on leukopenia caused by cyclophosphamide.
2. Promote immune function. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can increase spleen index, half hemolysis value (HC50) and rosette formation rate of mice, and promote macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte transformation. Auricularia auricula mycelium 250 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection of mice for 7 days can significantly increase the percentage of peripheral blood T lymphocytes; 400 mg/kg,
Subcutaneous injection of 800 mg/kg * * for 7 days restored the half hemolysis value HC50 caused by cyclophosphamide to normal.
3. Effect on nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis: Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 100μg can significantly promote the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid by human lymphocytes. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide was injected intraperitoneally into mice at 100 mg/kg for 4 days, which slightly promoted the incorporation of serum protein 3H leucine in mice.
4. Hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis effects: Taking Auricularia auricula decoction (30g/kg) and Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (28mg/kg) continuously for 20 days and 8 days can obviously reduce the contents of serum triglyceride (triglyceride) and serum total cholesterol (TC), increase the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) to total cholesterol, and reduce cholesterol. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 1.80 mg/kg can prevent the formation of hypercholesterolemia in mice. Feeding auricularia auricula 2.5g/ rabbit * * 90d with cholesterol every day can reduce the contents of plasma cholesterol, lipid peroxide (LPO) and thromboxane a 2(TXA2), increase the ratio of prostacyclin to thromboxane A2 (PGI2/TXA2), and alleviate atherosclerosis.
5. Anti-aging effect: feeding auricularia auricula to rabbits every day for 90 days can reduce the contents of oxygen free radicals, lipofuscin, plasma lipid peroxide and plasma cholesterol in rabbit liver, heart and brain tissues, and alleviate the atherosclerotic lesions in rabbits. It is suggested that Auricularia auricula may reduce the formation of lipofuscin by lowering plasma cholesterol, thus maintaining the normal metabolism of cells and showing anti-aging effect. The scavenging effects of 50μl, 800μ l and 1000μ l of 2.5% auricularia auricula water extracts on H2O2 or superoxide anion radical (O-2) produced by enzyme system and non-enzyme system were studied by chemiluminescence analysis. The scavenging capacity was dose-dependent, indicating that the auricularia auricula water extracts contained antioxidant components. Intraperitoneal injection of auricularia auricula polysaccharide 100mg/kg for 7 days can prolong the average swimming time of mice in water by 50.40% and enhance their anti-fatigue ability. It can also significantly reduce the content of lipofuscin in myocardial tissue of mice; It can obviously improve the specific activity of superoxide dismutase in brain and liver tissue of mice. It can obviously inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase B(MAO-B) in isolated brain of mice, and the inhibition intensity increases with the increase of concentration, and it can also increase the flight ability of Drosophila melanogaster. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously prolong the average life span of Drosophila melanogaster, which is 65438 0.26 times that of the control group. The content of lipofuscin decreased after Drosophila melanogaster took Auricularia auricula polysaccharide orally for 40 days.
6. Anti-radiation and anti-inflammatory effects: intraperitoneal injection of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide100 mg/kg for 7 days has antagonistic effect on 60Coγ -ray irradiation, which increases the survival rate of mice by 1.56 times, and intraperitoneal injection of 60mg/ kg has certain anti-inflammatory effect on paw swelling of rats caused by egg white.
7. Anti-ulcer effect Auricularia auricula polysaccharide can obviously inhibit the formation of stress ulcer in rats by intragastric administration of 70mg/kg per day for 2 days; Daily 165mg/kg gastric lavage 12d can promote the healing of acetic acid gastric ulcer, but has no obvious effect on gastric acid secretion and pepsin activity.
8. Hypoglycemic effect: Oral auricularia auricula polysaccharide (33 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) can significantly reduce the blood sugar level of alloxan diabetic mice, and the hypoglycemic effect is the most significant after 4-7 hours; It can also reduce the drinking water of diabetic mice.
9. Anti-fertility effect: Injection of auricularia auricula polysaccharide into the abdominal cavity of mice has the most obvious anti-implantation and anti-early pregnancy effects, but the effect of terminating the second trimester pregnancy is slightly poor, but it is ineffective for transporting pregnant eggs.
10. Anti-cancer and antimutagenic effects The inhibitory rate of hot water extract of Auricularia auricula on S 180 in Swiss mice was 42.5% ~ 70%, and the inhibitory rate on Ehrlich ascites cancer was 80%. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide 200 mg/(kg d) for 65438±00d days has the effect of resisting the increase of micronucleus rate in bone marrow of mice caused by cyclophosphamide.
1 1. antibacterial effect echinocandin isolated from auricularia auricula has antifungal effect.
12. The LD50 of toxic auricularia auricula polysaccharide injected intraperitoneally in mice was 789.60 92.19 mg/kg.